AUTHOR=Mazzali Cristina , Magnoni Pietro , Zucchi Alberto , Maifredi Giovanni , Cavalieri d’Oro Luca , Gambino Maria Letizia , Fanetti Anna Clara , Perotti Pietro Giovanni , Villa Marco , Valsecchi Maria Grazia , Vigani Daria , Lucifora Claudio , Russo Antonio Giampiero 

TITLE=Strategies for population-level identification of post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 through health administrative data

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Public Health

VOLUME=Volume 13 - 2025

YEAR=2025

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/public-health/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2025.1637112

DOI=10.3389/fpubh.2025.1637112

ISSN=2296-2565

ABSTRACT=IntroductionPost-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC) encompass several clinical outcomes, from new-onset symptoms to both acute and chronic diagnoses, including pulmonary and extrapulmonary manifestations. Health administrative data (HAD) from health information systems allow population-level analyses of such outcomes. Our primary aim was to identify clinical conditions potentially attributable to SARS-CoV-2 infection, and the types of HAD and “diagnostic criteria” used for their detection.MethodsWe performed a literature review to identify HAD-based cohort studies assessing the association between SARS-CoV-2 infection and medium−/long-term outcomes in the general population. From each included study, we extracted data on design, algorithms used for outcome identification (sources, coding systems, codes, time criteria/thresholds), and whether significant associations with SARS-CoV-2 infection were reported.ResultsWe identified six studies investigating acute and chronic conditions grouped by clinical domain (cardiovascular, respiratory, neurologic, mental health, endocrine/metabolic, pediatric, miscellaneous). Two studies also addressed the onset of specific symptoms. Cardio/cerebrovascular conditions were most studied, with significant associations reported for deep vein thrombosis, heart failure, atrial fibrillation, and coronary artery disease. Conditions in other domains were less investigated, with inconsistent findings. Only three studies were designed as test-positive vs. test-negative comparisons.DiscussionHeterogeneity in data sources, study design, and outcome definitions hinder the comparability of studies and explain the inconsistencies in findings about associations with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Rigorously designed studies on large populations with wide availability of data from health information systems are needed for population-level analyses on PASC, and especially on its impact on chronic diseases and their future burden on healthcare systems.