AUTHOR=Tan Yue , Yin Yue , Lei Boya , Zhou Min , Gu Zhengyue , You Jingjing , Lin Tong , Gong Lan 

TITLE=Climate change and ocular health: temperature-pollution synergies amplify uveitis burden

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Public Health

VOLUME=Volume 13 - 2025

YEAR=2025

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/public-health/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2025.1650255

DOI=10.3389/fpubh.2025.1650255

ISSN=2296-2565

ABSTRACT=BackgroundUveitis, an inflammatory eye disease, exhibits seasonal patterns, which suggest environmental influences. This study examines the link between average temperature and uveitis outpatient visits, considering air pollution’s modifying effects.MethodsWe analyzed uveitis outpatient data (n = 8,090) from a major hospital in Shanghai between 2017 and 2023, along with meteorological and air pollutant data. A distributed lag non-linear model (DLNM) was used to assess the associations between temperature and outpatient visits, adjusting for humidity, pollutants, and temporal factors.ResultsA non-linear relationship exists between temperature and uveitis visits. Lower temperatures increased visits, with peak relative risk at −4°C lagged by 1 day (RR = 1.351, 95%CI: 1.069–1.706). Significant associations were found at lags 0–1 and 12–14, with the highest risk at lag 14 (−4°C, RR = 1.257, 95%CI: 1.113–1.420). Stratified analyses showed stronger associations in males and individuals under 60 years. High humidity and elevated PM2.5 levels strengthened the cold temperature association, while extremely high temperatures (33–34°C) increased visits under low humidity (RR = 2.625, 95%CI: 1.034–6.668 at 34°C).ConclusionTemperature extremes are linked to increased uveitis outpatient visits in Shanghai, particularly with cold temperatures in high-humidity and high-PM2.5 environments, and hot temperatures under low humidity.