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        <title>Frontiers in Quantum Science and Technology | Basic Science for Quantum Technologies section | New and Recent Articles</title>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/quantum-science-and-technology/sections/basic-science-for-quantum-technologies</link>
        <description>RSS Feed for Basic Science for Quantum Technologies section in the Frontiers in Quantum Science and Technology journal | New and Recent Articles</description>
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        <pubDate>2026-05-12T22:51:37.293+00:00</pubDate>
        <ttl>60</ttl>
        <item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frqst.2026.1755907</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frqst.2026.1755907</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Editorial: Quantum information theory]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-01-28T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Editorial</category>
        <author>Karl Hess</author>
        <description></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frqst.2025.1723319</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frqst.2025.1723319</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Quantum computing: foundations, algorithms, and emerging applications]]></title>
        <pubdate>2025-12-29T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Mini Review</category>
        <author>V. Raseena</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Quantum computing is an emerging paradigm that leverages the principles of quantum mechanics to solve computational problems beyond the reach of classical computers. This article provides an overview of the fundamental concepts of qubits, the distinctive features of quantum mechanics such as superposition and entanglement, and the challenges of building scalable, fault-tolerant systems. It surveys key quantum algorithms and their potential applications in fields including cryptography, optimization, finance, chemistry, and machine learning. Additionally, it highlights the importance of verification frameworks for ensuring the reliability of quantum programs. A literature review of significant contributions is presented, drawing insights from recent surveys on quantum algorithms, qubit technologies, and software verification approaches. The article concludes by discussing ongoing challenges, such as error correction overhead, hardware scalability, and verification complexity, and suggests directions for future research.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frqst.2025.1725290</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frqst.2025.1725290</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Correlated disorder as a tunable switch between trapping and conduction in quantum ion channels]]></title>
        <pubdate>2025-12-29T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Iara Patrícia Da Silva Ramos</author><author>Rafael Gandolfi Lanzini</author><author>Leonardo Brunnet</author><author>Sandra D. Prado</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Quantum transport efficiency is influenced by mechanisms beyond coherence, including correlated disorder, which can balance localization and mobility to produce anomalous phenomena such as quantum rogue waves. Motivated by recent findings, we investigate the impact of correlated on-site energies in a linear quantum chain modeling a biological ion channel. The system is described by a tight-binding Hamiltonian with Lindblad operators representing source and drain. The average traversal time across the channel increases logarithmically with the correlation parameter, mirroring the growth of rogue-wave probability and indicating the emergence of temporary trapped states that slow transport. These results demonstrate that correlated disorder significantly influences ion transport even in small disordered systems.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frqst.2025.1603372</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frqst.2025.1603372</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Dynamics of the ideal quantum measurement of a spin-1 with a Curie–Weiss magnet]]></title>
        <pubdate>2025-07-21T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Theodorus Maria Nieuwenhuizen</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Quantum measurement is a dynamical process involving an apparatus coupled to a test system. The ideal measurement of the z-component of a spin-12(sz=±12) has been modeled by the Curie–Weiss model for quantum measurement. Recently, the model was generalized to higher spins, and its thermodynamics were solved. Here, the dynamics are considered. To this end, the dynamics for the spin-12 case are cast in general notation. The dynamics of the measurement of the z-component of a spin-1 (sz=0,±1) are solved in detail and evaluated numerically. The energy costs of the measurement, which are macroscopic, are evaluated. The generalization to higher spin is straightforward.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frqst.2025.1598893</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frqst.2025.1598893</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Single-qubit multi-party transmission using universal symmetric quantum cloning]]></title>
        <pubdate>2025-07-04T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Elijah Pelofske</author>
        <description><![CDATA[This study considers the hypothetical quantum network case where Alice wishes to transmit one qubit of information (specifically a pure quantum state) to M parties, where M is some large number. The remote receivers locally perform single-qubit quantum state tomography on the transmitted qubits in order to compute the quantum state within some error rate (dependent on the tomography technique and the number of transmitted qubits). We show that with the use of an intermediate optimal symmetric universal quantum cloning machine (between Alice and the remote receivers) as a repeater-type node in a hypothetical quantum network, Alice can send significantly fewer qubits compared to direct transmission of the message qubits to each of the M remote receivers. This is possible due to two properties of quantum cloning. The first is that single qubit quantum clones retain the same Bloch angle as the initial quantum state. This means that if the mixed state of the quantum clone can be computed to high enough accuracy, the original pure quantum state can be inferred by extrapolating that vector to the surface of the Bloch sphere. The second property is that the state overlap of approximate quantum clones, with respect to the original pure quantum state, quickly converges (specifically for 1→M, the limit of the fidelity as M goes to infinity is 23). This means that Alice can prepare a constant number of qubits (which are then passed through the quantum cloning machine) in order to achieve a desired error rate if M is large enough. Combined, these two properties mean that for a large M, Alice can prepare many orders of magnitude fewer qubits in order to achieve the same single qubit transmission accuracy compared to the naive direct qubit transmission approach.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frqst.2025.1596801</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frqst.2025.1596801</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Micromotion compensation using dark and bright ion species]]></title>
        <pubdate>2025-07-01T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Orr Barnea</author><author>Dror Einav</author><author>Jonas Drotleff</author><author>Idan Hochner</author><author>Ziv Meir</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Stray electric fields induce excess micromotion in ion traps, limiting experimental performance. We present a new micromotion-compensation technique that utilizes a dark ion in a multi-species bright-dark-bright linear ion crystal. Stray electric fields in the radial plane of the trap deform the crystal axially due to the different masses of dark and bright ions. We exploit the mode softening near the transition to the zig-zag configuration to enhance the crystal deformation and, as a result, increase the method’s sensitivity dramatically. We corroborate our results with a modified ion-displacement compensation method using a single bright ion. Our modification allows us to compensate stray fields on the 2D radial plane from a 1D measurement of the ion position on the camera by controlling the asymmetry of the two radial modes of the trap. Both methods require only a fixed imaging camera and continuous ion-fluorescence detection. As such, they can be readily implemented in most ion-trapping experiments without additional hardware modifications.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frqst.2025.1554763</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frqst.2025.1554763</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Signature of matter–field coupling in quantum–mechanical statistics]]></title>
        <pubdate>2025-06-20T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Ana María Cetto</author><author>Luis de la Peña</author>
        <description><![CDATA[The connection between the intrinsic angular momentum (spin) of particles and quantum statistics is established by considering the response of identical particles to a common background radiation field. For this purpose, the Hamiltonian analysis previously performed in stochastic electrodynamics to derive the quantum description of a one-particle system is extended to a system of two identical bound particles subject to the same field. Depending on the relative phase of the response of the particles to a common field mode, two types of particles are distinguished by their symmetry or antisymmetry with respect to particle exchange. While any number of identical particles responding in phase can occupy the same energy state, there can only be two particles responding in antiphase. The calculation of bipartite correlations between the response functions reveals maximum entanglement as a consequence of the parallel response of the particles to the common field. The introduction of an internal rotation parameter leads to a direct link between spin and statistics and to a physical rationale for the Pauli exclusion principle.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frqst.2025.1569496</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frqst.2025.1569496</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Statistical contextual explanation of quantum paradoxes]]></title>
        <pubdate>2025-05-01T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Review</category>
        <author>Marian Kupczynski</author>
        <description><![CDATA[This year we celebrate 100 years of quantum mechanics (QM). Incorrect interpretations of QM and incorrect mental models of the invisible details of quantum phenomena lead to paradoxes. To explain these, we advocate the statistical contextual interpretation (SCI) of quantum mechanics. State vectors (wave functions) and various operators are purely mathematical entities that permit quantitative probabilistic predictions. “State vector” describes an ensemble of identically prepared physical systems, and a specific “operator” represents a class of equivalent measurements of a physical observable. A collapse of wavefunction is not a mysterious and instantaneous physical process; a collapsed quantum state describes a new ensemble of physical systems prepared in a particular way. A value of a physical observable, such as a spin projection, associated with a pure quantum ensemble is a characteristic of this ensemble created by its interaction with measuring instruments. Probabilities are objective properties of random experiments in which empirical frequencies stabilize. Following Einstein, SCI rejects the claim that QM provides a complete description of individual physical systems, but it remains agnostic about whether a more detailed subquantum description can be found or is necessary. In conformity with Bohr contextuality, SCI rejects Bell-local and Bell-causal hidden variable models. Nevertheless, by incorporating into a probabilistic model contextual hidden variable measuring instruments, long distance quantum correlations studied in Bell tests can be explained without evoking quantum nonlocality or retro-causality. SCI allows the explanation of several quantum phenomena without evoking quantum magic. SCI does not claim to provide a complete description of quantum phenomena; in fact, it is unknown whether quantum probabilities even provide a complete description of existing experimental data. Time series of experimental data may contain much more information than is obtained using empirical frequencies and histograms. Therefore, predictable completeness of QM must be tested and not taken for granted.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frqst.2025.1542466</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frqst.2025.1542466</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Explicit mathematical models of multiple polarization-measurements and the Einstein-Bohr debate]]></title>
        <pubdate>2025-03-27T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Karl Hess</author><author>Jürgen Jakumeit</author>
        <description><![CDATA[We present mathematical models that also may be formulated as computer models for experiments that feature single photon resolution and multiple pairs of polarizers to determine the sorting into ordinary and extraordinary channels. The models are based on Einstein’s hypothesis of elements of physical reality that determine the photon properties and are at first developed for Malus-type experiments. It is then shown that analogous models apply to the well-known Clauser-Aspect-Zeilinger experiments and violate all Bell-type inequalities without violating Einstein’s separation principle. The Bell-type inequalities do not apply to the actual experiments, because they cannot obey the physically necessary symmetry with respect to polarizer-pair rotations. We believe that these findings suggest a change of current interpretations of quantum entanglement away from instantaneous influences at a distance, as promoted in the physics Nobel-lectures 2022, and back toward Einstein’s ideas as well as the more recent ideas of Gerard ‘t Hooft.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frqst.2024.1394533</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frqst.2024.1394533</link>
        <title><![CDATA[An introduction to Bayesian simulation-based inference for quantum machine learning with examples]]></title>
        <pubdate>2024-08-29T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Ivana Nikoloska</author><author>Osvaldo Simeone</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Simulation is an indispensable tool in both engineering and the sciences. In simulation-based modeling, a parametric simulator is adopted as a mechanistic model of a physical system. The problem of designing algorithms that optimize the simulator parameters is the focus of the emerging field of simulation-based inference (SBI), which is often formulated in a Bayesian setting with the goal of quantifying epistemic uncertainty. This work studies Bayesian SBI that leverages a parameterized quantum circuit (PQC) as the underlying simulator. The proposed solution follows the well-established principle that quantum computers are best suited for the simulation of certain physical phenomena. It contributes to the field of quantum machine learning by moving beyond the likelihood-based methods investigated in prior work and accounting for the likelihood-free nature of PQC training. Experimental results indicate that well-motivated quantum circuits that account for the structure of the underlying physical system are capable of simulating data from two distinct tasks.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frqst.2024.1422257</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frqst.2024.1422257</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Quantum computers, quantum computing, and quantum thermodynamics]]></title>
        <pubdate>2024-08-12T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Review</category>
        <author>Fabrizio Cleri</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Quantum thermodynamics aims to extend standard thermodynamics and non-equilibrium statistical physics to systems with sizes well below the thermodynamic limit. It is a rapidly evolving research field that promises to change our understanding of the foundations of physics, while enabling the discovery of novel thermodynamic techniques and applications at the nanoscale. Thermal management has turned into a major obstacle in pushing the limits of conventional digital computers and could also represent a crucial issue for quantum computers. The practical realization of quantum computers with superconducting loops requires working at cryogenic temperatures to eliminate thermal noise, and ion-trap qubits also need low temperatures to minimize collisional noise. In both cases, the sub-nanometric sizes also bring about the thermal broadening of the quantum states; and even room-temperature photonic computers eventually require cryogenic detectors. A number of thermal and thermodynamic questions, therefore, take center stage, such as quantum re-definitions of work and heat, thermalization and randomization of quantum states, the overlap of quantum and thermal fluctuations, and many others, even including a proper definition of temperature for the small open systems constantly out of equilibrium that are the qubits. This overview provides an introductory perspective on a selection of current trends in quantum thermodynamics and their impact on quantum computers and quantum computing, with language that is accessible to postgraduate students and researchers from different fields.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frqst.2024.1424698</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frqst.2024.1424698</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Editorial: Responsible research and innovation in quantum science and technologies]]></title>
        <pubdate>2024-07-04T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Editorial</category>
        <author>Maria Luisa Chiofalo</author><author>Augusto Smerzi</author><author>Marisa Michelini</author>
        <description></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frqst.2024.1397130</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frqst.2024.1397130</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Art makes quantum intuitive]]></title>
        <pubdate>2024-05-17T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Opinion</category>
        <author>Grégoire Cattan</author><author>Karolina Duś</author><author>Slawomir Kusmia</author><author>Tomasz Stopa</author>
        <description></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frqst.2024.1352800</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frqst.2024.1352800</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Precise micromotion compensation of a tilted ion chain]]></title>
        <pubdate>2024-04-22T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Brief Research Report</category>
        <author>Craig W. Hogle</author><author>Ashlyn D. Burch</author><author>Jonathan D. Sterk</author><author>Matthew N. H. Chow</author><author>Megan Ivory</author><author>Daniel S. Lobser</author><author>Peter Maunz</author><author>Jay Van Der Wall</author><author>Christopher G. Yale</author><author>Susan M. Clark</author><author>Daniel Stick</author><author>Melissa C. Revelle</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Excess micromotion can be a substantial source of errors in trapped-ion based quantum processors and clocks due to the sensitivity of the internal states of the ion to external fields and motion. This problem can be fixed by compensating background electric fields in order to position ions at the RF node and minimize their driven micromotion. Here we describe techniques for compensating ion chains in scalable surface ion traps. These traps are capable of cancelling stray electric fields with fine spatial resolution in order to compensate multiple closely spaced ions due to their large number of relatively small control electrodes. We demonstrate a technique that compensates an ion chain to better than 5 V/m and within 0.1 degrees of chain rotation.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frqst.2024.1362235</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frqst.2024.1362235</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Lying particles]]></title>
        <pubdate>2024-04-03T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Brief Research Report</category>
        <author>Lev Vaidman</author>
        <description><![CDATA[The common feature of several experiments, performed and proposed, in which particles provide misleading evidence about where they have been, is identified and discussed. It is argued that the experimental results provide a consistent picture when interference amplification effects are taken into account.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frqst.2024.1381117</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frqst.2024.1381117</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Dark resonance spectra of trapped ions under the influence of micromotion]]></title>
        <pubdate>2024-03-27T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Nicolás A. Nuñez Barreto</author><author>Muriel Bonetto</author><author>Marcelo A. Luda</author><author>Cecilia Cormick</author><author>Christian T. Schmiegelow</author>
        <description><![CDATA[We study the influence of micromotion on the spectrum of trapped ions with a lambda-type level scheme, leading to dark resonances due to coherent population trapping. We work with calcium ions trapped in a ring-shaped Paul trap, in which one can compensate excess micromotion for only one ion of the crystal. We observe that micromotion affects the shapes of the dark resonances and causes the appearance of “echoes” separated by intervals given by the drive frequency. We present a theoretical model that provides good fits to the measurements and can be used to estimate the amplitude of the micromotion modulation of the atomic motion. We estimate an effective temperature of the ions from the spectra and observe clear micromotion heating as well as impaired cooling for sufficiently large excess micromotion.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frqst.2023.1249325</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frqst.2023.1249325</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Eigengame: a primer to introduce wave functions and probabilities]]></title>
        <pubdate>2023-10-26T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Francesc Sabater</author><author>Carles Calero</author><author>Bruno Juliá-Díaz</author>
        <description><![CDATA[We report on a quantum mechanics popularisation software, Eigengame, developed to get general audiences to play with key concepts in quantum mechanics, i.e., the wave function, the quantization of energy, the probability density and, to some extent, the measurement problem. The software is developed in python and is available online at github.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frqst.2023.1229471</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frqst.2023.1229471</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Encoding-independent optimization problem formulation for quantum computing]]></title>
        <pubdate>2023-09-07T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Review</category>
        <author>Federico Dominguez</author><author>Josua Unger</author><author>Matthias Traube</author><author>Barry Mant</author><author>Christian Ertler</author><author>Wolfgang Lechner</author>
        <description><![CDATA[We review encoding and hardware-independent formulations of optimization problems for quantum computing. Using this generalized approach, an extensive library of optimization problems from the literature and their various derived spin encodings are discussed. Common building blocks that serve as a construction kit for formulating these spin Hamiltonians are provided. This previously introduced approach paves the way toward a fully automatic construction of Hamiltonians for arbitrary discrete optimization problems and this freedom in the problem formulation is a key step for tailoring optimal spin Hamiltonians for different hardware platforms.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frqst.2023.1232903</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frqst.2023.1232903</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Machine learning meets quantum mechanics in catalysis]]></title>
        <pubdate>2023-08-31T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Perspective</category>
        <author>James P. Lewis</author><author>Pengju Ren</author><author>Xiaodong Wen</author><author>Yongwang Li</author><author>Guanhua Chen</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Over the past decade many researchers have applied machine learning algorithms with computational chemistry and materials science tools to explore properties of catalysts. There is a rapid increase in publications demonstrating the use of machine learning for rational catalyst design. In our perspective, targeted tools for rational catalyst design will continue to make significant contributions. However, the community should focus on developing high-throughput simulation tools that utilize molecular dynamics capabilities for thorough exploration of the complex potential energy surfaces that exist, particularly in heterogeneous catalysis. Catalyst-specific databases should be developed to contain enough data to represent the complex multi-dimensional space that defines structure-function relationships. Machine learning tools will continue to impact rational catalyst design; however, we believe that more sophisticated pattern recognition algorithms would yield better understanding of structure-function relationships for heterogeneous catalysis.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frqst.2023.1228208</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frqst.2023.1228208</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Continuous dynamical decoupling of optical 171Yb+ qudits with radiofrequency fields]]></title>
        <pubdate>2023-08-08T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Ilia V. Zalivako</author><author>Alexander S. Borisenko</author><author>Ilya A. Semerikov</author><author>Andrey E. Korolkov</author><author>Pavel L. Sidorov</author><author>Kristina P. Galstyan</author><author>Nikita V. Semenin</author><author>Vasiliy N. Smirnov</author><author>Mikhail D. Aksenov</author><author>Aleksey K. Fedorov</author><author>Ksenia Yu Khabarova</author><author>Nikolay N. Kolachevsky</author>
        <description><![CDATA[The use of multilevel quantum information carriers, also known as qudits, has attracted significant interest as a way of further scaling quantum computing devices. However, such multilevel systems usually express shorter coherence time than their two-level counterparts, which limits their computational potential. We thus propose and experimentally demonstrate two approaches for realizing the continuous dynamical decoupling of magnetic-sensitive states with mF = ±1 for qudits encoded in optical transition of trapped 171Yb+ ions. We improve the coherence time of qudit levels by an order of magnitude (more than 9 ms) without any magnetic shielding, revealing the potential advantage of the symmetry of the 171Yb+ ion energy structure for counteracting magnetic field noise. Our results are a step toward realizing qudit-based algorithms using trapped ions.]]></description>
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