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        <title>Frontiers in Smart Grids | Grid Efficiency section | New and Recent Articles</title>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/smart-grids/sections/grid-efficiency</link>
        <description>RSS Feed for Grid Efficiency section in the Frontiers in Smart Grids journal | New and Recent Articles</description>
        <language>en-us</language>
        <generator>Frontiers Feed Generator,version:1</generator>
        <pubDate>2026-04-07T05:21:57.669+00:00</pubDate>
        <ttl>60</ttl>
        <item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frsgr.2026.1623347</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frsgr.2026.1623347</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Analysis of theoretical line loss in metro distribution network]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-03-12T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Ying Zhao</author><author>Zhe Chen</author><author>Zhuo Zhang</author><author>Yuxin Lu</author><author>Yun Zhao</author><author>Xipeng Liu</author>
        <description><![CDATA[IntroductionNovel cable traction power supply can eliminate phase splits and improve regenerative energy utilization in metro systems. However, the cable-based traction network has a relatively complex structure, making internal energy consumption and train-network line loss evaluation insufficiently studied.MethodsTo quantify train-network line losses, an equivalent solid-circuit model of the traction power supply system is established using an external cascade strategy. Combined with actual train operation load modeling, the traction transformer output power and network losses are computed and compared under both traction and regenerative braking operating conditions.ResultsThe proposed modeling-and-calculation framework enables accurate evaluation of power output and line losses across operating modes, and effectively captures the electrical characteristics of the cable traction energy supply system.DiscussionThe developed theoretical line-loss calculation approach provides a quantitative basis for energy-consumption assessment and operational analysis of cable traction networks, supporting performance evaluation and planning of metro traction power supply systems.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frsgr.2025.1488468</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frsgr.2025.1488468</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Integration of electric vehicles in electricity-carbon market toward eco-transport futures]]></title>
        <pubdate>2025-01-30T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Zhidong Wang</author><author>Fuyuan Yang</author><author>Shuying Lai</author><author>Yuechuan Tao</author><author>Jiawei Zhang</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Integrating electric vehicles (EVs) into the electricity and carbon markets presents a promising pathway toward sustainable transportation futures. This article proposes a comprehensive framework that synergizes the operations of the electricity and carbon markets with the growing adoption of EVs. The proposed framework includes a low-carbon transmission network operation model that integrates the electricity and carbon markets, facilitating optimal energy dispatch while minimizing carbon emissions. In addition, the framework extends to distribution network operations, incorporating a double carbon taxation mechanism to address emissions at both the generation and consumption levels. A carbon emission flow model is employed to meticulously trace carbon emissions across the supply chain, enhancing transparency and accountability. The framework also introduces an EV-integrated traffic flow model that captures the interactions between transportation networks and energy demand, influencing traffic dynamics and EV charging behaviors. Furthermore, a planning and pricing model for EV charging stations is developed, incorporating carbon costs into the pricing strategy to incentivize eco-friendly practices. The multilevel solution algorithm ensures an iterative convergence of decision variables across transmission, distribution, and transportation networks, ultimately fostering an integrated eco-transport system. This work contributes to the development of sustainable transport systems by promoting efficient EV integration and supporting decarbonization efforts in both the energy and transportation sectors.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frsgr.2024.1385367</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frsgr.2024.1385367</link>
        <title><![CDATA[The role of data-driven methods in power system security assessment from aggregated grid data]]></title>
        <pubdate>2024-05-20T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Methods</category>
        <author>Fabrizio De Caro</author><author>Giorgio Maria Giannuzzi</author><author>Cosimo Pisani</author><author>Silvia Iuliano</author><author>Alfredo Vaccaro</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Data-driven techniques have been considered as an enabling technology for reducing the computational burden of both static and dynamic power system security analysis. Anyway, the studies reported in the literature mainly focused on inferring from historical data the mapping between the bus variables before and after a certain contingencies set, while, to the best of the Author's knowledge, limited contributions have been devoted to try and classify the power system security state by processing aggregated grid data. This is a relevant issue to address for a Transmission System Operator since it could allow a sensible decrease in the computational burden and, considering that aggregated grid data can be reliably predicted from several hours to one day ahead, it may enable the evolution of security assessment to security forecasting. In trying and filling this research gap, this paper explores the role of machine learning and feature selection algorithms. A realistic case study involving 2 years of synthetic grid data simulated on the Italian power system model against future potential operational scenarios characterized by a high share of renewables is presented and discussed to identify the most promising computing paradigms, analyzing the criticality of tuning the feature selection and classifier algorithms.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frsgr.2024.1353732</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frsgr.2024.1353732</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Bidding strategies for multi-microgrid markets taking into account risk indicators]]></title>
        <pubdate>2024-04-25T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Methods</category>
        <author>Xiangyv Lv</author><author>Chenglong Qi</author><author>Xiu Ji</author><author>Jiqing Yv</author><author>Hui Wang</author><author>Huanhuan Han</author>
        <description><![CDATA[A large proportion of new energy generation is integrated into the power grid, making it difficult for the power grid system to maintain reliable, stable, and efficient operation. To address these challenges, this article proposes a multiple microgrid hierarchical optimization structure based on energy routers as the core equipment for energy regulation within microgrids. Considering the uncertainty of renewable energy generation within microgrids, a two-layer energy management bidding strategy based on risk indicators is further proposed. In the process of trading, with the goal of maximizing a comprehensive economy, the energy trading model of the distribution network center and energy routers is divided into two sub-objectives for solving. In the first stage, based on the interests and energy supply and demand relationships of each microgrid, a risk assessment model considering wind and solar uncertainty is established to determine the risk preferences and expected returns of each microgrid. In the second stage, the original problem is decomposed into two sub-problems: the minimum cost sub-problem and the maximum transaction volume sub-problem. An asymmetric bargaining mechanism is adopted to determine the production and sales payment of the microgrid containing energy routers based on the contribution values of energy routers in each microgrid. Finally, the rationality and effectiveness of energy routers as an intelligent decision-maker in energy optimization are verified in a three-node system.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frsgr.2023.1241963</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frsgr.2023.1241963</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Control and optimization algorithm for lattice power grids with multiple input/output operation for improved versatility]]></title>
        <pubdate>2023-08-17T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Daniel Zhang</author><author>Jingyang Fang</author><author>Stefan Goetz</author>
        <description><![CDATA[With the proliferation of alternative energy sources, power grids are increasingly dominated by grid-tied power converters. With this development comes the requirement of grid-forming, but current architectures exclude high-voltage applications through serial connectivity. Lattice power grids allow for the generation of both higher voltages and currents than their individual modules by marrying the advantages of serial and parallel connectivity, which include reduced switching and conduction losses, sensorless voltage balancing, and multiport operation. We use graph theory to model lattice power grids and formalize lattice generation processes for square, triangular, and hexagonal lattice grids. This article proposes depth-first-search based algorithms for the control and efficient operation of lattice power grids, achieving voltage and current objectives while minimizing switching losses. Furthermore, we build upon previous algorithms by harnessing multiple input/output operation. The algorithm allows for sequential operation (in which loads are added one by one), simultaneous operation (in which several loads are added at the same time), and combined sequential-simultaneous operation. These methods were applied to a variety of lattice structures, and simulations of dc analysis and pulse train generation were performed. These modeled results validate the proposed algorithms and improve versatility in the operation of lattice power grids in both grid-connected and standalone applications. The potential of applying this method in transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is discussed.]]></description>
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