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        <title>Frontiers in Soil Science | New and Recent Articles</title>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/soil-science</link>
        <description>RSS Feed for Frontiers in Soil Science | New and Recent Articles</description>
        <language>en-us</language>
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        <pubDate>2026-05-03T16:19:13.669+00:00</pubDate>
        <ttl>60</ttl>
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        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fsoil.2026.1777598</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fsoil.2026.1777598</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Leaf litter quality is a stronger driver of decomposition in lawns than the microclimatic effect of trees]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-04-30T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Tom Künnemann</author><author>Patrice Cannavo</author><author>Vincent Guérin</author><author>René Guénon</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Lawns and wooded areas dominate urban green spaces (UGSs) and are known to store substantial amounts of carbon in soils, yet the role of lawn trees in litter decomposition dynamics remains poorly understood. This study assessed how trees influence litter decomposition through (i) microclimatic (temperature and moisture) and (ii) soil properties effects. Decomposition rates of 8 tree and shrub litters (Quercus robur, Quercus rubra, Fagus sylvatica, Platanus × acerifolia, Pinus radiata, Tilia × europaea, Cornus alba, Spiraea vanhouttei) frequently encountered in urban areas were measured using litterbags(5 mm and 2 mm mesh) in adjacent open and wooded lawns, allowing assessment of macrofauna contribution. Microclimatic conditions and soil physicochemical properties were monitored. Decomposition rates varied widely among litter types, with 5 tree litters decomposing slowly (0.29 < k < 0.85 y-1) and 3 litters—mostly shrubs—decomposing faster (3.06 < k < 6.23 y-1). Despite a higher average temperature in open lawns (+1.6 °C), the decomposition rates were similar between lawn types except for the two Quercus rubra and Q. robur, which decomposed 87% and 54% faster in wooded lawns, respectively.Macrofauna exclusion revealed a stronger contribution to the decomposition of labile litter in both lawn types. Overall, decomposition rates were primarily driven by litter quality, especially lignin and soluble compound content (R² = 0.59–0.92), while microclimate and soil properties had limited influence. These results indicate that litter quality outweighs microclimatic effects of trees on decomposition in UGSs and suggest that maintaining litter in wooded lawns could support soil carbon processes without impairing decomposition. Together, these findings offer UGS managers an initial framework to assess litter decomposition from various litter types when recycled on open and wooded lawn soils.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fsoil.2026.1771112</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fsoil.2026.1771112</link>
        <title><![CDATA[16S rRNA-based characterization of post-fire soil bacterial communities in a pine-oak forest of northeastern Mexico]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-04-29T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Sandra E. Rivas-Morales</author><author>Ricardo Romero-Arguelles</author><author>Antonio Guzmán-Velasco</author><author>José I. González-Rojas</author><author>Alina Olalla-Kerstupp</author><author>Antonio Leija-Tristan</author><author>Esther E. Rios-del Toro</author><author>Andres Abellán-Borja</author><author>David Valladares-Sánchez</author><author>Gabriel Ruiz-Ayma</author><author>Mayra A. Gomez-Govea</author>
        <description><![CDATA[IntroductionWildfires can alter soil structure and reduce microbial diversity, potentially affecting ecosystem resilience. Understanding the effects of wildfire on native soil microbiomes may help identify bacterial taxa relevant for ecosystem recovery. In this study, we investigated wildfire-associated patterns in soil bacterial communities across a pine–oak forest in Mexico. MethodsSixteen soil samples were categorized into three time-since-fire classes: (i) early post-fire (<3 years; EPF), (ii) intermediate post-fire (3–10 years; IPF), and (iii) late post-fire (>10 years; LPF), representing a site-based chronosequence rather than a replicated temporal trajectory. Bacterial communities were characterized using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing (Illumina MiSeq) and analyzed with QIIME1. Soil physicochemical properties, including pH, moisture, texture, organic matter, and salinity, were also measured. ResultsTime-since-fire categories, along with pH and elevation gradients, were associated with differences in community composition. Although approximately 50% of taxa were shared among conditions, burned and unburned soils differed in the relative abundance of Actinobacteria and Acidobacteria, as well as in the occurrence of low-abundance taxa with reported thermotolerant and pollutant-degrading traits. Co-occurrence network analysis revealed differences in network structure between burned and unburned communities, although these results should be interpreted cautiously due to their correlational nature. Several genera commonly reported in post-fire environments, including Massilia, Arthrobacter, and Blastococcus, were detected. Notably, Arthrobacter and Blastococcus were part of the core microbiome, with Arthrobacter also showing differential abundance and high connectivity in unburned soil networks. Additional taxa of interest included Actinobacteria genera such as Gaiella, Jiangella, Krasilnikovia, Mycobacterium, and Rubrobacter, as well as the Proteobacteria genus Lysobacter.DiscussionCollectively, these findings highlight bacterial taxa associated with wildfire-affected soils and provide insights into microbial community shifts across post-fire chronosequences. These results may support future microbiome-based approaches for the management and restoration of fire-prone ecosystems.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fsoil.2026.1767992</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fsoil.2026.1767992</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Soil salinity regulates metal bioavailability and soil–plant transfer in halophytic crops]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-04-27T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Gulom Bekmirzaev</author><author>Raxmontoy Kurvantayev</author><author>Kasimbek Isabaev</author><author>Abdurakhim Berdishev</author><author>Qosim Rakhmonov</author><author>Sabirjan Isaev</author><author>Sunnat Tadjiev</author><author>Umida Parpieva</author><author>Azam Azimov</author><author>Jakhongir Khamraqulov</author><author>Sanoatxon Zakirova</author><author>Muhabbat Diyorova</author><author>Elyor Malikov</author><author>Abbosbek Akhmadaliyev</author>
        <description><![CDATA[IntroductionSoil salinity fundamentally reshapes geochemical controls governing metal mobility and plant uptake, yet its effects across soils with different salinity histories remain poorly resolved.MethodsWe conducted four controlled experiments using NaCl treatments ranging from 1.0 to 20.0 dS m−1, combining freshly salinized soils with soils previously exposed to salinity, and evaluated metal behavior in soil -plant systems of Tetragonia tetragonioides and Portulaca oleracea.ResultsIncreasing salinity reduced the solubility and CaCl2 -extractable (bioavailable) fractions of Fe, Zn, Ba, Sr, and Cu, while total soil metal pools remained largely unaffected, indicating ionic competition, chloride complexation, and ionic-strength -driven shifts in metal partitioning. These patterns show that the observed reductions primarily involve bioavailable metal fractions rather than changes in total soil metal concentrations.DiscussionOur findings indicate that especially long-standing soil salinity acts as an important regulator of metal bioavailability and soil -plant transfer, providing mechanistic insight into metal dynamics in saline agroecosystems and supporting the strategic use of halophytes for managing metal-affected saline soils.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fsoil.2026.1799970</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fsoil.2026.1799970</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Modeling carbon sequestration in Mediterranean agroecosystems using the CAST model]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-04-27T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Evangelia A. Koukianaki</author><author>Maria A. Lilli</author><author>Roberta Farina</author><author>Silvia Vanino</author><author>Carlos Alberto Torres Guerrero</author><author>Eduardo Garcia Braga</author><author>Nikolaos P. Nikolaidis</author>
        <description><![CDATA[This study evaluates soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration in Mediterranean agroecosystems using the Carbon, Aggregation, and Structure Turnover (CAST) model, with a focus on agroecological and regenerative practices that support carbon farming (CF) strategies. Three case studies across Greece, Italy, and Spain were assessed to quantify SOC dynamics and carbon storage potential. In Koiliaris, Greece, avocado orchards adopting manure addition, mulching, and sustainable irrigation sequestered 3.81–4.71 tC/ha/yr between 2019 and 2024, with a projected decline to 1.15–1.50 tC/ha/yr by 2044 as SOC approaches saturation. In Lazio, Italy, regenerative olive groves accumulated 1.17 tC/ha/yr (2011–2025), slightly decreasing to 1.09 tC/ha/yr by 2045, indicating long-term SOC stability. In Sant Pau de Segúries, Spain, agroforestry systems gained 0.94 tC/ha/yr (2019–2024), increasing to 1.09 tC/ha/yr by 2044, whereas pastures showed SOC losses (−0.71 tC/ha/yr) due to forest-to-grassland conversion. SOC accumulation was predominantly associated with macro-aggregates (>250 μm) reflecting soil structural stability and resilience. The CAST model successfully simulated SOC turnover and aggregate fractions since the uncertainty of the simulation due to carbon input was low, demonstrating in this way its value for Monitoring, Reporting, and Verification (MRV) within CF schemes.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fsoil.2026.1752540</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fsoil.2026.1752540</link>
        <title><![CDATA[How does soil type and chemistry affect glomalin-related soil protein accumulation?]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-04-23T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Vojtěch Polách</author><author>Sneha Patra</author><author>Daniel Růžička</author><author>Viktor Nagy</author><author>Vendula Koublová</author><author>Karel Klem</author>
        <description><![CDATA[IntroductionGlomalin-related soil protein (GRSP) serves as a critical indicator of soil health, reflecting particularly microbial activity and soil aggregate stability. Despite the known effects of management practices for GRSP accumulation, the role of soil properties remains under-researched.MethodsThis study aimed to evaluate how soil chemical properties and soil type influence GRSP accumulation across a diverse range of soils in the Czech Republic, including fields representing arable land with very similar (conventional) management and crop rotation structures.ResultsNo direct significant effect of soil type on GRSP content was observed. Nevertheless, distinct GRSP associations with specific soil properties were identified across different soil type groups. Marked differences were noted in the relationships between GRSP and cation exchange capacity (CEC), calcium content (Ca), and pH. Positive correlations between these parameters and GRSP were identified in luvisols, regosols, stagnosols, and podzols, while negative correlations were detected in chernozems, vertisols, calcisols, and phaeozems. Similar patterns were observed related to climatic regions, with positive correlations in moderately warm regions and negative correlations in very warm regions. In contrast, GRSP exhibited a positive correlation with soil organic carbon (SOC) and the humic-to-fulvic acid (HA/FA) ratio across all soil types and almost all climatic regions. The variability in the relationships among CEC, Ca, pH, and GRSP is attributed to a nonlinear peak relationship, indicating that GRSP accumulates at specific CEC, Ca, and pH ranges. The highest accuracy of GRSP prediction was achieved with Ca and CEC, at 43% and 37%, respectively, whereas for linear relationships with HA/FA or SOC, it was only 26% and 10%, respectively.DiscussionOverall, our findings show that integrating linear and nonlinear predictors enables reliable estimation of GRSP accumulation potential across contrasting soil environments, thereby providing a practical tool for identifying soil conditions that support higher GRSP levels and, consequently, greater soil quality and aggregation potential.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fsoil.2026.1768147</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fsoil.2026.1768147</link>
        <title><![CDATA[The role of cover crops in enhancing soil health and biodiversity in Mediterranean vineyards]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-04-22T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Andrea Martín-Pablo</author><author>Milagros Navarro</author><author>Domingo Javier López-Robles</author><author>Daniel Pérez-Alonso</author><author>Rocío Barros</author><author>Carlos Rad</author><author>Oscar Aguado</author><author>Gonzalo Sacristán-Pérez-Minayo</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Soil health is a priority in European policies, such as the EU Soil and Biodiversity Strategies for 2030, owing to land degradation and climate change, with Mediterranean vineyards being especially vulnerable because of their low soil organic matter content and risk of erosion. To improve sustainability, cover crops are increasingly used as alternatives to conventional tillage with bare soils. This study assessed the effects of different ground cover strategies on soil health, grape production, and biodiversity in Vitis vinifera cv. Tempranillo vineyard (D. O. Ribera del Duero, Spain). Four soil management systems were compared in 2021–2022: conventional tillage (CT), natural green cover (NGC), a sown grass–legume mixture (SGC), and a sown grass–flower mixture (FGC), in a randomized block design with four replicates. Surface soils (0 cm–20 cm) were sampled in spring 2022 and analyzed for pH, EC, organic matter, total nitrogen, soluble nutrients, microbial biomass, and enzymatic activity, as well as SPAD measurements to monitor plant development, yield, and grape quality. The yield decreased by 75% under FGC compared to that under CT. Soil Organic Carbon (SOC) increased by 57% in SGC compared to CT. Cover crops reduced grape yield but improved quality, notably by increasing anthocyanin content in the must. They also improved the biodiversity of the vineyards and increased the organic carbon content of the soil compared to CT. However, they depleted available nutrients, particularly nitrates, and showed only limited effects on soil biological properties, such as enzyme activities. Overall, cover crops promoted ecosystem services but required trade-offs with yield and soil nutrient availability.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fsoil.2026.1755770</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fsoil.2026.1755770</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Exploring the impact of lime amendments: a machine learning analysis of influential factors]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-04-22T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Floyd Muyembe Chipatela</author><author>Lotfi Khiari</author><author>Amine Kassam</author><author>Otmane Raji</author><author>Hamza Jouichat</author>
        <description><![CDATA[IntroductionThe effectiveness of liming materials in ameliorating soil acidity depends on their physical, chemical, and mineralogical properties. Although several factors influencing lime efficacy have been identified in previous studies, their relative importance and interactions remain insufficiently explored. This study therefore applies a machine learning (ML) approach to better understand the complex interactions among variables affecting soil pH change following lime application.MethodsA dataset comprising 857 observations was compiled and analyzed within a supervised ML framework using a Gradient Boosting Model (GBM). The model was used to evaluate the relative importance of key factors, including particle size, lime reaction time, lime application rate, neutralizing value (NV), initial soil pH, and limestone type. Model performance was assessed using grouped cross-validation to ensure robust and unbiased evaluation.Results and discussionThe GBM demonstrated strong predictive performance, achieving a coefficient of determination (R²) of 89.7%, along with low intercept and RMSE values, indicating minimal prediction bias and error. Particle size, reaction time, and lime application rate emerged as the most influential factors controlling lime efficacy, particularly through their interactions. The findings further highlight the limitations of relying solely on Effective Calcium Carbonate Equivalence (ECCE) and emphasize the need for integrated quality indices when evaluating liming materials. Optimal soil pH response was observed between 90 and 400 days after lime application, suggesting that liming should be done well in advance of cropping. Additionally, the optimal lime application rate ranged from 10 to 21 t ha⁻¹ for effective soil pH improvement. Overall, the study demonstrates that ML provides a robust, data-driven framework for evaluating liming efficacy and offers clear advantages over conventional reductionist approaches by capturing complex, multivariate interactions.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fsoil.2026.1736046</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fsoil.2026.1736046</link>
        <title><![CDATA[From static grids to dynamic response models: predicting wheat phosphorus needs with Random Forest]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-04-21T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Amine Kassam</author><author>Lotfi Khiari</author><author>Ismail Kouera</author><author>Hamza Jouichat</author>
        <description><![CDATA[IntroductionPhosphorus (P) fertilizer recommendations for wheat are still largely based on soil test P (STP) classes and fixed fertilization grids. While simple to apply, these approaches often fail to reflect field-level variability and the combined influence of soil and climate factors on crop response. As a result, recommendations can be inconsistent and poorly aligned with actual yield potential. This study explores whether a data-driven, multifactorial approach can better explain and predict wheat yield response to P across diverse agroecological conditions.MethodsWe compiled a global meta-dataset including 294 field trials and 927 observations from 41 peer-reviewed studies. Yield response to P (ΔY = Yfertilized − Yunfertilized) was modeled using a Random Forest (RF) algorithm. The model incorporated applied P rate, soil organic matter, soil pH (pHwater), annual precipitation, soil texture, P fertility class, and application method. Model performance was evaluated using separate training and testing datasets. RF-derived response curves were then used to estimate economically optimal P rates and compared with reported field optima.ResultsThe conventional STP-based approach explained only a small portion of the observed yield response variability (R2 = 5–9%) and produced highly variable recommendations across fertility classes. In contrast, the RF model showed strong predictive performance (R2 = 89% for training and 78% for testing data) and reproduced site-specific response curves in 80% of cases. Economically optimal P rates derived from the RF model closely matched observed optima (R2 = 93%, slope = 1.02).DiscussionThe findings indicate that wheat's response to P depends on several interacting factors that are not adequately represented in static STP-based recommendation systems. By jointly considering soil characteristics, climatic conditions, and management practices, the RF model generates more consistent and flexible response curves. This approach provides a practical basis for site-specific, economically optimized P management, advancing precision agriculture and more sustainable nutrient use.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fsoil.2026.1744337</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fsoil.2026.1744337</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Impact of biochar on citrus rootstocks growth, nutrient uptake, root system architecture, and soil properties]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-04-15T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Khalid Hussain</author><author>John-Paul Fox</author><author>Audrey H. Beany</author><author>Lukas M. Hallman</author><author>Lorenzo Rossi</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Citrus greening (Huanglongbing, HLB) continues to threaten citrus production in the United States, particularly in Florida, by impairing root growth and nutrient uptake. Concurrently, citrus producers are actively seeking alternatives to traditional chemical fertilizers, which raise concerns regarding soil sustainability. Organic amendments are widely used to improve soil organic matter (SOM) and overall soil health in agricultural systems across the United States. Among these amendments, biochar has gained attention for its potential to enhance soil fertility and plant productivity; however, questions remain regarding optimal application rates, particularly in sandy soils. Additionally, literature lacks clarity on how biochar influences citrus root system architecture across different rootstocks. This study evaluated the effects of biochar on citrus root system architecture and nutrient uptake across different rootstocks in the sandy soils. The primary objective was to determine which biochar application rate most effectively improved soil fertility and root development across different citrus rootstocks. Four citrus rootstocks (‘Sour Orange’, ‘Swingle’, ‘US-802’, and ‘US-942’) were grown for 5 months under controlled greenhouse conditions in native sandy soil amended with biochar at 0%, 10%, 20%, and 30% (v/v). The experiment followed a completely randomized design with six replications per treatment (n = 6), each consisting of a single plant per pot. Root system architectural traits were quantified using WinRHIZO™ image analysis, and soil physicochemical properties along with soil and plant tissue nutrients were evaluated at harvest. The 20% biochar treatment significantly increased root length, volume, surface area, and average diameter across all rootstocks. Plant tissue analyses showed higher macronutrient concentrations, particularly in belowground tissues. Soil moisture content, soil organic matter, pH, and cation exchange capacity increased with the biochar rate, with the highest values observed with the 30% biochar rate. Moderate biochar application effectively enhanced nutrient availability and root system architecture of citrus rootstocks, demonstrating its potential as a sustainable soil amendment to improve fertility and root growth in nutrient-limited sandy soils.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fsoil.2026.1800936</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fsoil.2026.1800936</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Influence of type and dose of organic wastes on the growth, quality and incidence of pests and diseases of carrots]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-04-15T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Falilou Diallo</author><author>Karamoko Diarra</author><author>Frédéric Feder</author>
        <description><![CDATA[IntroductionAlternatives to chemical inputs are crucial for improving agricultural production and plant health management for sustainable agriculture, particularly in tropical environments, where pest dynamics and treatment effectiveness determine crop success. Because organic waste products differ in dry matter content, nutrient release, nutrient balance, and potential biological load, they may differentially affect plant nutrition, soil functioning, crop performance, and susceptibility to pests and diseases. These practices thus offer positive prospects for food quality and, consequently, human health while concomitantly reducing the risks associated with chemical inputs widely utilised in tropical agriculture.Material and methodsWe compared growth, quality and pest incidence of carrot crops repeated over three years and fertilised with a mineral fertilisers (MF) or different organic waste products (OWPs) at two levels (recommended dose-1 and double dose-1): sewage sludge (SS-1 and SS-2), poultry litter (PL-1 and PL-2), and methanisation digestate (AD-1 and AD-2). To ensure a nutritional balance consistent with the crop’s NPK requirements and between treatments, mineral nitrogen and potassium supplements were added to the OWPs when necessary.Results and discussionThe results demonstrate that PL-2 significantly (p < 0.03) enhances leaf height, root size, dry matter content, and the number of marketable carrots. In contrast, AD-1 and AD-2 were associated with a higher incidence of Alternaria and dodder (p < 0.002), as well as with carrot root deformations related to dodder infestation (r = 0.88). Carrots cultivated with MF exhibited a higher incidence of nematode infestation compared to those under organic fertilisation, though these differences did not attain statistical significance (p > 0.1). These results indicate that OWP type and dose influence carrot growth, marketable quality, and susceptibility to pests and diseases through amendment-specific properties related to nutrient supply, moisture conditions, and probable biological interactions. Repeated applications of PL-2 resulted in the maintenance of a high proportion of first category roots over several cycles, while concurrently limiting pests and diseases pressure.ConclusionThis finding underscores the significance of judicious selection and optimisation of the type of organic matter applied.]]></description>
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        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fsoil.2026.1786422</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fsoil.2026.1786422</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Integrated multivariate analysis of morphological and yield traits in native Capsicum chinense ecotypes grown in acidic soils of the Peruvian Amazon]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-04-15T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Henry Díaz-Chuquizuta</author><author>Luis Fernando Manrique Gonzales</author><author>Martín Sánchez Ojanasta</author><author>Juan Pablo Cuevas-Giménez</author><author>Boris Martínez</author><author>Geiner Flores Sinti</author><author>Juan Jose Kerry Tanchiva</author><author>Geomar Vallejos-Torres</author>
        <description><![CDATA[IntroductionThe comprehensive characterization of native Capsicum chinense ecotypes represents a strategic priority for genetic improvement, germplasm conservation, and the sustainable use of Amazonian crops. The objective of this study was to evaluate morphological, phenological, and productive variability among 12 ecotypes from the Peruvian Amazon by integrating multivariate análisis and machine learning with soil physicochemical characterization.MethodsThe research was conducted on acidic tropical soils with low organic matter content and limited availability of exchangeable bases, conditions representative of degraded Amazonian agroecosystems, which enabled the assessment of soil–plant interactions and their influence on phenotypic expression and crop yield.ResultsThe results revealed a broad, well-structured range of phenotypic variability, with fruit diameter, fruit length, fruit weight, and seed weight identified as the primary morphological determinants of yield and adaptive capacity under low-fertility soil conditions. Principal component analysis indicated that four components explained more than 70% of the total variance, primarily associated with productivity, fruit morphometry, and phenological traits. Cluster análisis identified groups with high internal consistency, while linear discriminant analysis validated the phenotypic structure, achieving a classification accuracy of 91.8%. The ecotypes JEB-028 and LAG-022 exhibited superior productive performance, whereas BAL-012 and YUR-001 demonstrated greater phenotypic stability under restrictive soil conditions.DiscussionOverall, these findings confirm the strategic value of native Amazonian germplasm and underscore the importance of integrating edaphic diagnostics into genetic selection programs and into strategies for the sustainable management and restoration of degraded agricultural soils in the Amazon.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fsoil.2026.1809945</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fsoil.2026.1809945</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Extraction method influences dissolved organic matter from invasive Japanese knotweed-derived biochar and environmental implications]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-04-15T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Jing Qiu</author><author>Jiemei Lyu</author><author>Xiaolin Wang</author><author>Yong Sik Ok</author><author>Erik Meers</author><author>Haichao Li</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Valorization of invasive plant biomass through pyrolysis into biochar offers opportunities for waste management and resource recovery. However, the release of biochar-derived dissolved organic matter (BDOM), which influences carbon dynamics and pollutant mobility, remains poorly understood. This study investigated BDOM from Japanese knotweed biochar (500 °C) using seven extraction methods, covering mild aqueous conditions (water and CaCl2), salt effects (NaCl), standardized acidic leaching tests (the synthetic precipitation leaching procedure, SPLP, and the toxicity characteristic leaching procedure, TCLP), and strong chemical extraction conditions (HCl and NaOH). NaOH and HCl maximized dissolved organic carbon (DOC) release (75–183 mg L-¹) while the resulting BDOM exhibited low aromaticity (SUVA254: 1.8–5.3) and relatively lower molecular weight (E2/E3 > 0.5). In contrast, mild extraction (water and CaCl2) released less DOC (5–15 mg L-¹) but preserved high-aromaticity components with larger molecular weights. Fluorescence analysis identified four distinct BDOM components: (1) a terrestrial humic-like substance (C4) preferentially extracted by water, (2) a fulvic-like component (C2) dominant in NaCl and SPLP extracts, (3) a protein-like component (C1) most abundant in NaCl extract, and (4) a transitional component (C3) that decreased under acidic conditions. The results demonstrate that extraction method influences BDOM quantity, optical characteristics, and compositional features, providing a useful framework for understanding BDOM behavior and informing the environmental management of invasive plant.]]></description>
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        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fsoil.2026.1717364</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fsoil.2026.1717364</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Cattle manure and biological fertilizer enhance growth and nutrient accumulation in African mahogany seedlings (Khaya ivorensis)]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-04-15T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Thiago de Carvalho Alexandre Pereira</author><author>Gabriel Augusto Teixeira Devolio</author><author>Cassiano Garcia Roque</author><author>Rita de Cássia Félix Alvarez</author><author>Cid Naudi Silva Campos</author><author>Mayara Fávero Cotrim</author><author>Renato de Mello Prado</author><author>Roberto Andreani Junior</author><author>Gisele Herbst Vazquez</author><author>Andréa Cristiane Sanches</author><author>Acacio Aparecido Navarrete</author>
        <description><![CDATA[The production of high-quality forest seedlings is essential for successful reforestation programs, particularly for high-value timber species such as African mahogany (Khaya ivorensis), which is widely cultivated due to its rapid growth and economic importance. This study evaluated the effects of sustainable substrate compositions and biological fertilizers on seedling growth and nutrient accumulation under greenhouse nursery conditions. A pot experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with ten treatments, using substrates composed of soil, sand, and cattle manure in different proportions, with or without the application of a biological fertilizer obtained through microbial fermentation of cattle manure. Seedling performance was assessed five months after sowing based on plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, dry shoot mass, and macronutrient accumulation in the whole plant. Substrate combinations containing cattle manure significantly outperformed manure-free substrates, with Soil + Sand + Manure (1:1:1) and Soil + Manure (1:1) consistently producing the highest growth parameter and nutrient accumulation values. The application of biological fertilizer further enhanced nutrient accumulation, although its effects were independent of substrate composition. Overall, the results demonstrate that substrates enriched with cattle manure, with or without biological fertilizer, represent an effective and sustainable strategy for improving the growth and nutritional status of K. ivorensis seedlings in nursery production systems.]]></description>
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        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fsoil.2026.1737123</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fsoil.2026.1737123</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Climate, carbon, and soil stability: a key link in coffee-growing landscapes of the Peruvian Amazon]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-04-14T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Lorena Estefani Romero-Chávez</author><author>Nilton A. Hermoza Ayme</author><author>Rodolfo Chuchon-Remon</author><author>Uriel Aldava-Pardave</author><author>Rosa K. Arroyo-Isuiza</author><author>Richard Solórzano Acosta</author><author>Geomar Vallejos-Torres</author>
        <description><![CDATA[IntroductionCoffee cultivation in the Central Peruvian Amazon, one of the country’s most important production regions, faces increasing challenges from soil degradation and climate change impacts. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of the altitudinal gradient on soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks and soil erodibility (K index) in coffee-growing systems.MethodsThree altitudinal zones were established for sampling (0–20 cm depth): zone 1 (900–1200 m.a.s.l.), zone 2 (1201–1400 m.a.s.l.), and zone 3 (1401–1600 m.a.s.l.). Within these zones, physical and chemical soil properties were analyzed, and SOC and soil erodibility (K index) values were calculated.ResultsThe results revealed a direct and statistically significant relationship between altitude and carbon sequestration capacity. Zone 3 exhibited the highest SOC (63.19 t·ha-1) and organic matter (OM) content (5.49%), compared with zone 1 (37.56 t·ha-1). This difference is attributable to the climatic conditions at higher elevations, characterized by greater precipitation and lower temperatures. Structural equation modeling (SEM) indicated that increasing altitude enhances SOC (b = 0.42), which in turn improves the soil structural stability index (SI) (R2 = 0.87) and reduces the K index (b = –0.38). Overall, the findings demonstrate that organic carbon acts as a key mediator between topography, soil texture, and susceptibility to erosion. The altitudinal gradient thus represents a major controlling factor influencing the health and structural stability of coffee soils.DiscussionThese results highlight the need to implement site-specific soil management practices, emphasizing intensive conservation strategies in low-altitude coffee-growing systems to mitigate accelerated erosion and ensure long-term production sustainability under changing climatic conditions.]]></description>
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        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fsoil.2026.1780422</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fsoil.2026.1780422</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Soil total nitrogen prediction using sentinel-2 simulated bands and machine learning: a laboratory spectroscopy study in Hemerocallis citrina Baroni fields]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-04-13T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Ping Li</author><author>Xuran Li</author><author>Peng He</author><author>Jingshu Wang</author><author>Chenbo Yang</author><author>Zelong Yao</author><author>Rutian Bi</author><author>Lishuai Xu</author><author>Hongfen Zhu</author><author>Fan Yang</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Soil total nitrogen (STN) is a crucial indicator of crop productivity and soil health. Accurate monitoring of STN is essential for optimizing nitrogen management and achieving sustainable agricultural development. An adequate and timely STN supply serves as a key physiological basis for promoting effective tillering, flower stalk development, and continuous multibatch bud formation in Hemerocallis citrina Baroni. To address the challenges posed by the high-dimensionality of hyperspectral data and the dynamic spectral response of STN across different growth stages, this study employed spectral resampling to select feature bands based on Sentinel-2 sensor data(Simulation of Sentinel-2 Bands, SSB method). Specifically, hyperspectral data were collected under laboratory controlled conditions (constant temperature darkroom, standard light source, air-dried ground soil), simulated Sentinel-2 sensor bands through spectral resampling (SSB method), and constructed an STN prediction framework based on 8 machine learning algorithms(random forest, extreme gradient boosting, back propagation neural network (BPNN), genetic algorithm-optimized BPNN (GA-BPNN), convolutional neural networks (CNN), and a hybrid CNN-bidirectional long short-term memory-attention model). The model performance was comprehensively evaluated using the coefficient of determination (R2), root mean square error (RMSE), mean absolute error (MAE), and mean bias error (MBE). This study aims to establish laboratory-scale soil-spectral chemical relationship baselines, providing band selection and algorithm validation references for subsequent field remote sensing applications, rather than directly developing field operational systems. The results showed that: (1) the three-band spectral index TBI3 exhibited the highest correlation with STN across the full growth period (R=0.7354). The optimal indices for specific growth stages were TBI4, TBI3, and TBI5 for the spring seedling/leaf expansion, bolting/flowering, and bud emergence stages, respectively, with TBI-series indices exhibiting significantly superior performance compared to two-dimensional indices; (2) the GA-BPNN model achieved the highest accuracy for the full growth period, with a test R2 of 0.6284, along with the lowest MAE (0.0693 g·kg-1) and RMSE (0.0879 g·kg-1), demonstrating outstanding generalization capability; and (3) the GA-BPNN model outperformed the other models in comparative analyses across different growth stages, and the growth stage-specific integrated modeling method showed higher prediction accuracy and enhanced resistance to overfitting (both training and test R2 exceeded 0.6, with the gap reduced to 0.0064). Based on these findings, we propose a technical framework termed "SSB-SPXY-GA-BPNN-growth stage adaptation", which provides theoretical and methodological support for precise STN monitoring and variable-rate fertilization.]]></description>
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        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fsoil.2026.1806071</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fsoil.2026.1806071</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Straw and nitrogen fertilization driving iron oxide transformation and soil carbon sequestration in saline paddy soils]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-04-10T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Jianyong Miao</author><author>Lan Liu</author><author>Feifei Song</author><author>Haishuan Sun</author><author>Xiaodong Ding</author><author>Jun Wang</author>
        <description><![CDATA[The “enzyme latch” and “iron gate” mechanisms play essential roles in regulating soil organic carbon (SOC) cycling in coastal saline paddy soils; however, their contributions to SOC sequestration under straw incorporation and nitrogen (N) fertilization remain poorly understood. A seven-year field experiment was conducted in a coastal saline paddy soil with six treatments, including two N levels (N1: 255 kg N ha-1 and N2: 400 kg N ha-1) and three straw incorporation levels (S0: 0, S1: 4,500 kg straw dry mass ha−1, and S2: 9,000 kg straw dry mass ha-1), with three field replicates per treatment. Moderate straw incorporation generally increased the proportion of large macroaggregates, improved aggregate stability, and promoted the accumulation of amorphous and complexed iron, as well as Fe-bound organic carbon (Fe-OC). Reduced N fertilization decreased phenol oxidase activity and cumulative CO2 emissions compared with the conventional N level. Under the reduced N level, moderate straw incorporation increased SOC content by 8.5% compared with no straw incorporation, which was associated with lower CO2 emissions and greater Fe-OC formation. Overall, moderate straw incorporation combined with reduced N fertilization was most favorable for SOC sequestration in coastal saline paddy soils. Therefore, in coastal saline paddy soils, the “iron gate” and “enzyme latch” mechanisms likely acted together to promote Fe-OC formation, thereby enhancing SOC sequestration.]]></description>
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        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fsoil.2026.1773062</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fsoil.2026.1773062</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Sustainable utilization of dredged sediment as planting soil: field verification of nutrient supply, microbial activity, and plant growth]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-04-10T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Cheng Yaofei</author><author>Mo Rixiong</author><author>Shi Haorong</author><author>Zheng Jian’an</author><author>Zhou Yaoyao</author><author>Wang Chenhao</author><author>Yu Guanlong</author>
        <description><![CDATA[IntroductionDredged sediment from inland waterway construction is often disposed of at low resource efficiency and with potential environmental risks. This study evaluates the feasibility of converting these sediments into a sustainable resource for vegetation restoration.MethodsIn a 70-day field experiment, planting soil prepared from dredged sediment amended with composted pig manure, sawdust, and composite biological agents (IS) was compared with local eucalyptus topsoil (Ctrl). Six plant species were cultivated to systematically evaluate soil nutrient supply, plant growth, and microbial characteristics.ResultsIS maintained higher levels of available nutrients (Ca, Mg, K, N, and Zn) and electrical conductivity throughout the trial. Several species reached significantly greater final heights in IS, and water spinach completed its growth cycle only in the IS treatment. Furthermore, IS exhibited higher catalase activity and distinct bacterial and fungal communities compared to Ctrl.DiscussionCorrelation analysis revealed species-specific nutrient responses, such as strong potassium/micronutrient dependence in herbaceous species and nitrogen-related patterns in legumes. These findings, consistent with a more active microbial environment and sustained nutrient availability, indicate that amended dredged sediment functions effectively as a high-quality planting soil under field conditions.]]></description>
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        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fsoil.2026.1783700</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fsoil.2026.1783700</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Correction: Rice crop residue as fertiliser substitute for enhancing yield and soil health: Identifying the optimum level from multilocation trials in India]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-04-08T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Correction</category>
        <author>Gobinath Rajendran</author><author>Vijayakumar Shanmugam</author><author>Aruna Lakshminarayanan</author><author>Lone Aabid Hussain</author><author>Biju Joseph</author><author>Vipin Kumar</author><author>Anil Kumar Pant</author><author>Ajith S</author><author>Prasad Babu MBB</author><author>Mahendra Kumar Rapolu</author><author>Sundaram Raman Meenakshi</author>
        <description></description>
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        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fsoil.2026.1754188</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fsoil.2026.1754188</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Effects of reduced chemical fertilizer application combined with fulvic acid organic fertilizer on soil enzyme activity, bacterial communities, and peanut yield]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-03-27T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Chen Sun</author><author>Guolong Huai</author><author>Bin Wang</author><author>Jiusheng Sun</author><author>Lei Cui</author>
        <description><![CDATA[This study investigated the effects of combining chemical fertilizer and fulvic acid (FA) organic fertilizer on soil enzyme activity, bacterial communities, and peanut yield. Seven treatments were established using the peanut cultivar Shanhua No. 9: no fertilization control (CK), conventional chemical fertilizer (A), 100% FA (B), 20% FA + 80% chemical fertilizer (C), 40% FA + 60% chemical fertilizer (D), 60% FA + 40% chemical fertilizer (E), and 80% FA + 20% chemical fertilizer (F).High-throughput sequencing was used to analyze bacterial community structure, and economic benefits were evaluated. Results showed: (1) Treatments C, D, and E significantly increased catalase activity; treatment F elevated urease activity by 77.67% vs. CK; treatment E enhanced sucrase activity by 60.71%. (2) FA application had a ratio-dependent effect, enhancing bacterial richness and diversity in treatments C and D, while excessive FA substitution in treatment E did not increase richness.(3) Treatment E enriched Proteobacteria and Alphaproteobacteria, promoted Azotobacter and Rhizobium, and decreased Bacillus and Streptomyces abundance. (4) Soil nutrients, pH, salinity, and enzyme activity drove bacterial community shifts. (5) Treatment D yielded 5893.35 kg ha-¹, exceeding CK and A by 28.52% and 8.39%, with optimal seed weight and kernel recovery. (6) Treatment D showed highest economic return (49,089.3 yuan ha-¹; input-output ratio 1:13.42). Treatment D (40% FA + 60% chemical fertilizer) optimally enhanced soil biological activity and microbial structure while achieving high yield and efficiency, supporting reduced chemical fertilizer use.]]></description>
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        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fsoil.2026.1745154</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fsoil.2026.1745154</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Soil organic carbon content mapping along the coast of northern Peru: an ensemble machine learning approach]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-03-26T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Wilian Salazar-Coronel</author><author>Carlos Carbajal-Llosa</author><author>Rodolfo Chuchon-Remon</author>
        <description><![CDATA[IntroductionSoil organic carbon (SOC) content plays a fundamental role in regulating the global carbon cycle and mitigating climate change. It is also a key marker of soil health and a vital plant component. Its distribution in space varies in dry ecosystems, where climate and land use affect it. This study aimed to estimate and map SOC in the Motupe River Basin, northern Peru, by applying machine learning algorithms and ensemble methods.MethodsFour predictive models were evaluated: Support Vector Regression (SVR), Random Forest (RF), Artificial Neural Network (ANN), and Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), together with two ensemble approaches—simple averaging and weighted — integrating topographic, climatic, edaphic, and vegetation indices variables. Spatial autocorrelation was minimized by spatial block cross-validation. Uncertainty was measured with bootstrapping and the Prediction Interval Ratio (PIR) derived from 90% prediction intervals.Results and discussionBest performance was achieved by XGBoost (R² = 0.83), weighted ensemble (R² = 0.70), and RF (R² = 0.63). The most influential predictors were EVI, GNDVI, temperature, TRI, and pH. SOC contents showed relatively higher concentrations (>0.7%) in areas with greater vegetation density, within a semi-arid context where SOC levels are generally low. In contrast, lower areas exhibited reduced SOC contents (< 0.6%). The uncertainty analysis indicated that SOC predictions had high to moderate confidence (PIR < 0.2) in the middle-and upper zones of the basin, and moderate confidence (0.1–0.2) in the lower areas. The results suggest that machine learning and ensemble methods improve SOC prediction, benefiting the sustainable management of soil fertility and quality in arid and semi-arid ecosystems of northern Peru.]]></description>
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