AUTHOR=Fleischmann Chen , Horowitz Michal , Yanovich Ran , Raz Hany , Heled Yuval 

TITLE=Asthaxanthin Improves Aerobic Exercise Recovery Without Affecting Heat Tolerance in Humans

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Sports and Active Living

VOLUME=Volume 1 - 2019

YEAR=2019

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/sports-and-active-living/articles/10.3389/fspor.2019.00017

DOI=10.3389/fspor.2019.00017

ISSN=2624-9367

ABSTRACT=Objectives: To examine the supplementation effects of the xanthophyll carotenoid Astaxanthin on physical performance and exertional heat strain in humans.
Design: A randomized double blind placebo controlled trial.
Methods: 22 male participants (Age: 23.14±3.5y, height: 175±6cm, body mass: 69.6±8.7kg, % body fat: 16.8±3.8) received placebo (PLA, n=10) or Astaxanthin (ATX, n=12) 12mg/day Per os (P.O), for 30 days, and were tested pre and post-supplementation with a maximal oxygen uptake (VO2Max) test and the heat tolerance test (HTT) (2h walk at 40oC, 40% relative humidity (RH), 5kph, 2% incline). 
Gas exchange, Heart rate (HR), Relative perceived exertion (RPE), and blood lactate were measured during the VO2Max test. Heart rate (HR), rectal (Trec) and skin (Tskin) temperatures, RPE, and sweat rate (SR) were monitored in the HTT. Serum heat shock protein 72 (HSP72), Creatine phospho-kinase (CPK), C-reactive protein (CRP) and lipid profile were measured before and after the test.
Results: The rise in blood lactate caused by the VO2Max test was significantly diminished in the ATX group (9.4±3.1 and 13.0±3.1 mmole*l-1 in the ATX and PLA groups, respectively P<0.02), as was the change in oxygen uptake during recovery (-2.02±0.64 and 0.83±0.79 % of VO2Max in the ATX and PLA group, respectively, p=0.001). No significant differences were observed in the anaerobic threshold or VO2Max. In the HTT, no significant physiological or biochemical differences were observed.
Conclusions: Astaxanthin improved exercise recovery. No benefit was observed for ATX in response to heat stress. Further examination of Astaxanthin in higher exertional heat strain is required.