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<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Front. Sports Act. Living</journal-id>
<journal-title>Frontiers in Sports and Active Living</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="pubmed">Front. Sports Act. Living</abbrev-journal-title>
<issn pub-type="epub">2624-9367</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name>Frontiers Media S.A.</publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.3389/fspor.2023.1183881</article-id>
<article-categories>
<subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
<subject>Sports and Active Living</subject>
<subj-group>
<subject>Original Research</subject>
</subj-group>
</subj-group>
</article-categories>
<title-group>
<article-title>Physical match demands of four LIQUI-MOLY Handball-Bundesliga teams from 2019&#x2013;2022: effects of season, team, match outcome, playing position, and halftime</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name><surname>Saal</surname><given-names>Christian</given-names></name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref>
<xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor1">&#x002A;</xref><uri xlink:href="https://loop.frontiersin.org/people/2095370/overview"/></contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Baumgart</surname><given-names>Christian</given-names></name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>2</sup></xref><uri xlink:href="https://loop.frontiersin.org/people/481737/overview" /></contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Wegener</surname><given-names>Florian</given-names></name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Ackermann</surname><given-names>Nele</given-names></name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>S&#x00F6;lter</surname><given-names>Florian</given-names></name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"><sup>3</sup></xref><uri xlink:href="https://loop.frontiersin.org/people/2302111/overview" /></contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Hoppe</surname><given-names>Matthias W.</given-names></name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="aff1"><label><sup>1</sup></label><addr-line>Movement and Training Science, Faculty of Sport Science</addr-line>, <institution>Leipzig University</institution>, <addr-line>Leipzig</addr-line>, <country>Germany</country></aff>
<aff id="aff2"><label><sup>2</sup></label><addr-line>Department of Movement and Training Science</addr-line>, <institution>University of Wuppertal</institution>, <addr-line>Wuppertal</addr-line>, <country>Germany</country></aff>
<aff id="aff3"><label><sup>3</sup></label><institution>Athletic Center, MT Melsungen</institution>, <addr-line>Melsungen</addr-line>, <country>Germany</country></aff>
<author-notes>
<fn fn-type="edited-by"><p><bold>Edited by:</bold> Jo&#x00E3;o Brito, Portuguese Football Federation, Portugal</p></fn>
<fn fn-type="edited-by"><p><bold>Reviewed by:</bold> Herbert Wagner, University of Salzburg, Austria Alice Iannaccone, University of Cassino, Italy</p></fn>
<corresp id="cor1"><label>&#x002A;</label><bold>Correspondence:</bold> Christian Saal <email>christian.saal@uni-leipzig.de</email></corresp>
</author-notes>
<pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>24</day><month>05</month><year>2023</year></pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date>
<volume>5</volume><elocation-id>1183881</elocation-id>
<history>
<date date-type="received"><day>10</day><month>03</month><year>2023</year></date>
<date date-type="accepted"><day>03</day><month>05</month><year>2023</year></date>
</history>
<permissions>
<copyright-statement>&#x00A9; 2023 Saal, Baumgart, Wegener, Ackermann, S&#x00F6;lter and Hoppe.</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder>Saal, Baumgart, Wegener, Ackermann, S&#x00F6;lter and Hoppe</copyright-holder><license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">
<p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY)</ext-link>. The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.</p></license>
</permissions>
<abstract><sec><title>Introduction</title>
<p>Due to the development in team handball, there is a need to optimize the physical capacities of team handball players for which knowledge of the physical match demands is essential. The aim of this study was to investigate the physical match demands of four LIQUI-MOLY Handball-Bundesliga (HBL) teams across three seasons with respect to the effects of season, team, match outcome, playing position, and halftime.</p>
</sec><sec><title>Methods</title>
<p>A fixed installed local positioning system (Kinexon) was used, collecting 2D positional and 3D inertial measurement unit data at 20 and 100&#x2009;Hz, respectively. The physical match demands were operationalized by basic (e.g., distance, speed, and acceleration) and more advanced variables (e.g., jumps, throws, impacts, acceleration load, and metabolic power). A total of 347 matches (213 with an additional ball tracking) were analyzed from four teams (one top, two middle, and one lower ranked) during three consecutive seasons (2019&#x2013;2022). One-way ANOVAs were calculated to estimate differences between more than two groups (e.g., season, team, match outcome, playing position). Mean differences between halftimes were estimated using Yuen&#x2019;s test for paired samples.</p>
</sec><sec><title>Results</title>
<p>Large effects were detected for the season (<inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM1"><mml:mn>0.6</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x2264;</mml:mo><mml:mspace width="thinmathspace" /><mml:mspace width="thinmathspace" /><mml:mrow><mml:mover><mml:mrow><mml:mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /><mml:mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /><mml:mi>&#x03BE;</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mo stretchy="false">&#x005E;</mml:mo></mml:mover></mml:mrow><mml:mo>&#x2264;</mml:mo><mml:mn>0.86</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula>), team (<inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM2"><mml:mn>0.56</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x2264;</mml:mo><mml:mspace width="thinmathspace" /><mml:mspace width="thinmathspace" /><mml:mrow><mml:mover><mml:mrow><mml:mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /><mml:mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /><mml:mi>&#x03BE;</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mo stretchy="false">&#x005E;</mml:mo></mml:mover></mml:mrow><mml:mo>&#x2264;</mml:mo><mml:mn>0.72</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula>), and playing position (<inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM3"><mml:mn>0.64</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x2264;</mml:mo><mml:mspace width="thinmathspace" /><mml:mspace width="thinmathspace" /><mml:mrow><mml:mover><mml:mrow><mml:mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /><mml:mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /><mml:mi>&#x03BE;</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mo stretchy="false">&#x005E;</mml:mo></mml:mover></mml:mrow><mml:mo>&#x2264;</mml:mo><mml:mn>0.98</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula>). Medium effects were found for match outcome (<inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM4"><mml:mspace width="thinmathspace" /><mml:mspace width="thinmathspace" /><mml:mrow><mml:mover><mml:mrow><mml:mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /><mml:mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /><mml:mi>&#x03BE;</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mo stretchy="false">&#x005E;</mml:mo></mml:mover></mml:mrow><mml:mo>&#x2264;</mml:mo><mml:mn>0.36</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula>) and halftime (<inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM5"><mml:mspace width="thinmathspace" /><mml:mspace width="thinmathspace" /><mml:mrow><mml:mover><mml:mrow><mml:mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /><mml:mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /><mml:mi>&#x03BE;</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mo stretchy="false">&#x005E;</mml:mo></mml:mover></mml:mrow><mml:mo>&#x2264;</mml:mo><mml:mn>0.47</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula>).</p>
</sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title>
<p>For the first time, we provide a comprehensive analysis of physical match demands in handball players competing in the LIQUI-MOLY Handball-Bundesliga. We found that physical match demands differ on that top-level with up to large effect sizes concerning the season, team, match outcome, playing position, and halftime. Our outcomes can help practitioners and researchers to develop team and player profiles as well as to optimize talent identification, training, regeneration, prevention, and rehabilitation procedures.</p>
</sec>
</abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd>LPS</kwd>
<kwd>IMU</kwd>
<kwd>team performance</kwd>
<kwd>handball</kwd>
<kwd>activity</kwd>
<kwd>tracking</kwd>
<kwd>metabolic power</kwd>
</kwd-group><contract-num rid="cn001">&#x00A0;</contract-num><contract-num rid="cn002">&#x00A0;</contract-num><contract-sponsor id="cn001">German Research Foundation (DFG)<named-content content-type="fundref-id">10.13039/501100001659</named-content></contract-sponsor><contract-sponsor id="cn002">Universit&#x00E4;t Leipzig<named-content content-type="fundref-id">10.13039/501100008678</named-content></contract-sponsor><counts>
<fig-count count="2"/>
<table-count count="7"/><equation-count count="592"/><ref-count count="43"/><page-count count="0"/><word-count count="0"/></counts><custom-meta-wrap><custom-meta><meta-name>section-at-acceptance</meta-name><meta-value>Elite Sports and Performance Enhancement</meta-value></custom-meta></custom-meta-wrap>
</article-meta>
</front>
<body><sec id="s1" sec-type="intro"><label>1.</label><title>Introduction</title>
<p>Team handball is a contact team-sport with the objective to score more goals than the opponent (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>). The match performance is a multidimensional construct, including physical, technical-tactical, cognitive, and further factors. It is determined by the individual performance of the players and their interaction (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref>). In team handball, the physical match demands involve activities as running, jumping, throwing, and blocking, whereby playing positional differences exist (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref>). During the last decades, it is assumed that the physical match demands have increased in team handball (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref>). Potential reasons for that development may be related to more competition per seasons (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref>), decreased performance differences between teams (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref>), and rule changes (e.g., passive game, goal keeper substitution, and fast throw off following a goal) (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref>). Due to that development, there is a need to optimize the physical capacities of team handball players for which knowledge of the physical match demands is essential (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>).</p>
<p>To quantify physical match demands in team handball, player tracking technologies, particularly local positioning systems (LPS) and inertial measurement units (IMU), have become standard procedures (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref>). In fact, since the season 2019/2020, all matches of the German LIQUI-MOLY Handball Bundesliga are systematically tracked by these technologies (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://kinexon.com/de/liqui-moly-hbl/">Kinexon Web</ext-link>). Based on the collected data, it is possible to compute basic (e.g., distance, speed, and acceleration) and more advanced variables (e.g., jumps, throws, impacts, acceleration load, and metabolic power), as indicators of the physical match demands (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref>&#x2013;<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref>). Specifically, such data may be helpful to develop team and player profiles as well as to optimize talent identification, training, regeneration, prevention, and rehabilitation procedures (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref>).</p>
<p>Previous studies show that running related match demands such as total distance, speed, and acceleration do not differ with respect to the match outcome in top-level team handball (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref>). However, other studies found differences between winning and losing teams in high-intensity actions (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref>). Also, differences between playing positions were comprehensively investigated in previous studies (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref>&#x2013;<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16">16</xref>), indicating specific profiles for wingers, centers, and pivots. Additionally, fatigue during certain match periods was studied (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18">18</xref>) and the findings reveal that high-intensity movements as the number of stops, change of directions, and also one-to-one situations (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref>) as well as distances covered at fast running and sprinting (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref>) decrease from first to second half and also towards the end of both halves. However, there is no study that has investigated the aforementioned aspects of the physical match demands across multiple seasons and for several top-level handball teams. Since most of the previous studies have investigated one tournament or few players, there is a need for a comprehensive study, systematically taking the physical match demands of top-level handball teams by LPS and IMU technologies into account.</p>
<p>Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the physical match demands of four LIQUI-MOLY Handball-Bundesliga teams across three seasons with respect to the effects of season, team, match outcome, playing position, and halftime.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="s2" sec-type="methods"><label>2.</label><title>Methods</title>
<sec id="s2a"><label>2.1.</label><title>Study design and ethical aspects</title>
<p>Within a retrospective observational study, a range of common physical variables (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref>) (<xref ref-type="table" rid="T1">Table&#x00A0;1</xref>) of four men&#x2019;s handball teams (A, B, C, and D) competing in the LIQUI-MOLY Handball-Bundesliga (HBL) were analyzed across the seasons 2019/20, 2020/21, and 2021/22. Since the season 2019/2020, all matches of the Handball-Bundesliga are tracked by the same LPS technology (Kinexon GmbH, Munich, Germany), which allowed valid comparisons. To investigate the effect of season, team, match outcome, playing position, and halftime, differences in means were analyzed. The match outcomes were obtained from the official HBL-LIQUI-MOLY <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://www.liquimoly-hbl.de">website</ext-link>. The collected data is free available for each team competing in the HBL, and an approval was granted by the four clubs to analyze and publish the data. Therefore, Ethics Committee clearance was not required. All procedures were conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki.</p>
<table-wrap id="T1" position="float"><label>Table 1</label>
<caption><p>Description of used variables.</p></caption>
<table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
<colgroup>
<col align="left"/>
<col align="left"/>
<col align="left"/>
</colgroup>
<thead>
<tr>
<th valign="top" align="left">Variable</th>
<th valign="top" align="left">Unit</th>
<th valign="top" align="left">Description</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left">Playing time</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">s</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">Time athlete spent on playing field (within field limits) during the match</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left">Distance</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">m</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">Total distance covered by the player during the match based on the player&#x2019;s LPS data</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left">Max. speed</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">km/h</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">Highest speed value during sprint event. A sprint event is triggered when a player maintains a speed over a given speed threshold (15.12&#x2009;km/h) during a minimum duration (0.5&#x2009;s)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left">Time speed</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">s</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">Time spent in speed zones. The following five categories were used: very high: <inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM6"><mml:mo>&#x2265;</mml:mo></mml:math></inline-formula>22&#x2009;km/h, high: 16 to 22&#x2009;km/h, medium: 10 to 16&#x2009;km/h, low: 4 to 10&#x2009;km/h, very low: &#x003C;4&#x2009;km/h</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left">Max. acceleration</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">m/s<inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM7"><mml:msup><mml:mi></mml:mi><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msup></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="left">Maximum acceleration a player performed during the match. The value based on LPS data</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left">Acceleration</td>
<td valign="top" align="left"/>
<td valign="top" align="left">Number of accelerations in zones. This metric counts the accelerations an athlete performs during the match. An acceleration event is detected if the athlete maintains an acceleration over an specific threshold (2&#x2009;m/s<inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM8"><mml:msup><mml:mi></mml:mi><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msup></mml:math></inline-formula>) over a minimum duration (0.5&#x2009;s). The following four categories were used: very high: <inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM9"><mml:mo>&#x2265;</mml:mo></mml:math></inline-formula>3.5&#x2009;m/s<inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM10"><mml:msup><mml:mi></mml:mi><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msup></mml:math></inline-formula>, high: 3 to 3.5&#x2009;m/s<inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM11"><mml:msup><mml:mi></mml:mi><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msup></mml:math></inline-formula>, medium: 2.5 to 3&#x2009;m/s<inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM12"><mml:msup><mml:mi></mml:mi><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msup></mml:math></inline-formula>, low: &#x003C;2.5&#x2009;m/s<inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM13"><mml:msup><mml:mi></mml:mi><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msup></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left">Max. deceleration</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">m/s<inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM14"><mml:msup><mml:mi></mml:mi><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msup></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="left">Maximum deceleration a player performed during the match. The value based on LPS data</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left">Deceleration</td>
<td valign="top" align="left"/>
<td valign="top" align="left">Number of decelerations in zones. This metric counts the decelerations an athlete performs during the match. A deceleration event is detected if the athlete maintains a deceleration over an specific threshold (<inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM15"><mml:mo>&#x2212;</mml:mo></mml:math></inline-formula>1.5&#x2009;m/s<inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM16"><mml:msup><mml:mi></mml:mi><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msup></mml:math></inline-formula>) over a minimum duration (0.5&#x2009;s). The following four categories were used: very high: <inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM17"><mml:mrow><mml:mo>&#x2265;</mml:mo></mml:mrow><mml:mo>&#x2212;</mml:mo><mml:mn>3.5</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula>&#x2009;m/s<inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM18"><mml:msup><mml:mi></mml:mi><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msup></mml:math></inline-formula>, high: <inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM19"><mml:mo>&#x2212;</mml:mo></mml:math></inline-formula>3 to <inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM20"><mml:mo>&#x2212;</mml:mo></mml:math></inline-formula>3.5&#x2009;m/s<inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM21"><mml:msup><mml:mi></mml:mi><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msup></mml:math></inline-formula>, medium: <inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM22"><mml:mo>&#x2212;</mml:mo></mml:math></inline-formula>2.5 to <inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM23"><mml:mo>&#x2212;</mml:mo></mml:math></inline-formula>3&#x2009;m/s<inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM24"><mml:msup><mml:mi></mml:mi><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msup></mml:math></inline-formula>, low: <inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM25"><mml:mrow><mml:mo>&#x003C;</mml:mo></mml:mrow><mml:mo>&#x2212;</mml:mo></mml:math></inline-formula>2.5&#x2009;m/s<inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM26"><mml:msup><mml:mi></mml:mi><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msup></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left">Max. metabolic power</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">W/kg</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">Highest value during the match. The metric metabolic power is an estimation of the energy that is required for a mechanical movement due to LPS data. It is calculated from the metrics speed and acceleration described in Osgnach et al. (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19">19</xref>). It does not consider any exercise that does not produce a change of the position on the playing field (e.g. jumps, impacts, push-ups)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left">Time metabolic power</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">s</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">Time spent in metabolic power zones. The following four categories were used: very high: <inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM27"><mml:mo>&#x2265;</mml:mo></mml:math></inline-formula>25&#x2009;W/kg, high: 15 to 25&#x2009;W/kg, medium: 4 to 15&#x2009;W/kg, low: &#x003C;4&#x2009;W/kg</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left">Accumulated acceleration load</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">a.u.</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">The metric is calculated from IMU data and captures all movements in the <inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM28"><mml:mi>X</mml:mi></mml:math></inline-formula>, <inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM29"><mml:mi>Y</mml:mi></mml:math></inline-formula>, and <inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM30"><mml:mi>Z</mml:mi></mml:math></inline-formula> axis (e.g. motion, jumps, and impacts) and is described in Boyd et al. (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B20">20</xref>). <inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM31"><mml:munderover><mml:mo>&#x2211;</mml:mo><mml:mrow><mml:mi>i</mml:mi><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mn>1</mml:mn></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi>n</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:munderover><mml:msqrt><mml:mrow><mml:mfrac><mml:mrow><mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo><mml:msub><mml:mi>a</mml:mi><mml:mrow><mml:mi>y</mml:mi><mml:mn>1</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub><mml:mo>&#x2212;</mml:mo><mml:msub><mml:mi>a</mml:mi><mml:mrow><mml:mi>y</mml:mi><mml:mo>&#x2212;</mml:mo><mml:mn>1</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub><mml:msup><mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msup><mml:mo>+</mml:mo><mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo><mml:msub><mml:mi>a</mml:mi><mml:mrow><mml:mi>x</mml:mi><mml:mn>1</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub><mml:mo>&#x2212;</mml:mo><mml:msub><mml:mi>a</mml:mi><mml:mrow><mml:mi>x</mml:mi><mml:mo>&#x2212;</mml:mo><mml:mn>1</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub><mml:msup><mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msup><mml:mo>+</mml:mo><mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo><mml:msub><mml:mi>a</mml:mi><mml:mrow><mml:mi>z</mml:mi><mml:mn>1</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub><mml:mo>&#x2212;</mml:mo><mml:msub><mml:mi>a</mml:mi><mml:mrow><mml:mi>z</mml:mi><mml:mo>&#x2212;</mml:mo><mml:mn>1</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub><mml:msup><mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msup></mml:mrow><mml:mn>100</mml:mn></mml:mfrac></mml:mrow></mml:msqrt></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left">Impacts</td>
<td valign="top" align="left"/>
<td valign="top" align="left">Number of collision events between players during match. This metric is threshold based and counts the events when two players collide. LPS as well as IMU data is used to detect impacts. To trigger an impact a big magnitude acceleration has to be registered from two players, who stand next to each other, at the same time</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left">Jumps</td>
<td valign="top" align="left"/>
<td valign="top" align="left">This metric counts all jumps of a match. LPS as well as IMU data is used to detect jump events. To trigger jump event the athlete has to be in the air between 0.35 to 0.99&#x2009;s</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left">Passes</td>
<td valign="top" align="left"/>
<td valign="top" align="left">This metric counts all passes an athlete played during a match. The player&#x2019;s and ball&#x2019;s position data is used to detect the event</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left">Shots</td>
<td valign="top" align="left"/>
<td valign="top" align="left">This metric counts the shots towards the goal of the match. The player&#x2019;s and ball&#x2019;s position data is used</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table-wrap-foot>
<fn id="table-fn1"><p>Notes: a.u., arbitrary unit; Variables without units represents counts.</p></fn>
</table-wrap-foot>
</table-wrap>
</sec>
<sec id="s2b"><label>2.2.</label><title>Sample</title>
<p><xref ref-type="table" rid="T2">Table&#x00A0;2</xref> shows number of players, played matches, and observations for each playing position of the four LIQUID-MOLY Handball Bundesliga teams across the three seasons. The teams finished the seasons accordingly: Team A: 1st to 3rd place; Team B: 7th to 8th place; Team C: 6th to 9th place; and Team D: 11th to 13th place. Thus, the teams can be considered as top (Team A), middle (Team B and Team C), and lower ranked (Team D).</p>
<table-wrap id="T2" position="float"><label>Table 2</label>
<caption><p>Number of players, played matches and observations for each playing position of four LIQUID-MOLY Handball Bundesliga teams across three seasons.</p></caption>
<table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
<colgroup>
<col align="left"/>
<col align="left"/>
<col align="center"/>
<col align="center"/>
<col align="center"/>
<col align="center"/>
<col align="center"/>
<col align="center"/>
</colgroup>
<thead>
<tr>
<th valign="top" align="left"/>
<th valign="top" align="center"/>
<th valign="top" align="center" colspan="3">All</th>
<th valign="top" align="center" colspan="3">With ball tracking</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th valign="top" align="center">Team</th>
<th valign="top" align="center">Position</th>
<th valign="top" align="center">Players</th>
<th valign="top" align="center">Matches</th>
<th valign="top" align="center">Observations</th>
<th valign="top" align="center">Players</th>
<th valign="top" align="center">Matches</th>
<th valign="top" align="center">Observations</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left">A</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">Wing</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">6</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">95</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">288</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">6</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">76</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">227</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left"/>
<td valign="top" align="left">Center</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">13</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">95</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">640</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">13</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">76</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">506</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left"/>
<td valign="top" align="left">Pivot</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">6</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">95</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">220</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">6</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">76</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">176</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left">B</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">Wing</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">5</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">89</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">276</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">5</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">69</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">212</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left"/>
<td valign="top" align="left">Center</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">22</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">89</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">575</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">22</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">69</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">453</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left"/>
<td valign="top" align="left">Pivot</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">3</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">89</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">213</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">3</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">69</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">161</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left">C</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">Wing</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">12</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">96</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">326</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">11</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">41</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">142</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left"/>
<td valign="top" align="left">Center</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">24</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">96</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">606</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">24</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">41</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">246</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left"/>
<td valign="top" align="left">Pivot</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">6</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">96</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">223</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">6</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">41</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">100</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left">D</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">Wing</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">6</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">98</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">311</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">6</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">47</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">146</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left"/>
<td valign="top" align="left">Center</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">13</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">98</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">651</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">13</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">47</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">330</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left"/>
<td valign="top" align="left">Pivot</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">5</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">98</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">245</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">5</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">47</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">110</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table-wrap-foot>
<fn id="table-fn2"><p>Notes: One observation correspond to one player per match. Total number of matches (<inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM32"><mml:mi>n</mml:mi><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mn>347</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula>) and players (<inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM33"><mml:mi>n</mml:mi><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mn>109</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula>) differs to the column sum due to duplicated match IDs, when teams play against each other and player transfers.</p></fn>
</table-wrap-foot>
</table-wrap>
</sec>
<sec id="s2c"><label>2.3.</label><title>Tracking system</title>
<p>A fixed installed LPS technology (Kinexon Perform LPS) was used, as described in detail elsewhere (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B21">21</xref>). The technology collected 2D positional and 3D IMU (accelerometer, gyroscope, and magnetometer) data at 20 and 100&#x2009;Hz, respectively. Briefly, in all sports halls, 12 antennae were fix installed around the playing field connected to one base station. During the matches, the players wore a harness packed with a sensor at the center of the upper back, which transmitted time signals via radio technology to the antenna, and via a wide local area network to the base station. Additionally, a sensor was included in the balls to allow their tracking. The used technology has been considered as valid and reliable for movement patterns of indoor team sports including team handball (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B22">22</xref>&#x2013;<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B27">27</xref>). However, the metrics derived from a combination of LPS and IMU data (e.g., impacts and jumps) are less studied yet. Furthermore, the anchor and field placement could influence the LPS output (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B28">28</xref>).</p>
</sec>
<sec id="s2d"><label>2.4.</label><title>Data analysis</title>
<p>Match summary statistic files (<italic>n</italic> &#x003D; 394) were exported using the Kinexon system software (Kinexon Web Application, HBL-Cloud). The players were grouped into the following positions: wing (right and left winger), center (right and left back, center back), and pivot (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16">16</xref>). The match outcomes were grouped into win, lost, and draw. After visiting the data, 11, 1, and 4 files were removed due to different column names, missing entries, and multiple entries of the same players, respectively. Thus, 378 files (347 matches) remained and were further checked for plausibility. In 134 matches, no ball was tracked, meaning that no passes and shots were reported. Thus, these matches were excluded from the throwing analysis. Additionally, two observations with 127 jumps and 65 impacts per match were removed due to implausible high counts. At least, all players with no playing time were excluded. Also, goalkeepers were excluded, because their clearly different technical-tactical demands compared to the other playing positions (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref>). To quantify the team performance, the sum of players for each physical variable was calculated, with exception of variables representing a maximum, where the mean of the players was used. Players that return after an injury were included in the data set. In total, 347 matches (213 with an additional ball tracking) with 109 different players were used for statistical analysis. A detailed description of all variables used in this study is shown in <xref ref-type="table" rid="T1">Table&#x00A0;1</xref>.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="s2e"><label>2.5.</label><title>Statistical analysis</title>
<p>Data distribution were explored visually. To estimate differences between more than two groups (i.e., season, team, match outcome, and playing position), one-way ANOVAs on trimmed means (<italic>tr</italic> &#x003D; 0.2) were calculated. The mean differences between halves were estimated using Yuens trimmed means test for paired samples (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B29">29</xref>). Effect sizes were computed, whereby <inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM36"><mml:mspace width="thinmathspace" /><mml:mspace width="thinmathspace" /><mml:mrow><mml:mover><mml:mrow><mml:mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /><mml:mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /><mml:mi>&#x03BE;</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mo stretchy="false">&#x005E;</mml:mo></mml:mover></mml:mrow><mml:mo>&#x003C;</mml:mo><mml:mn>0.30</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula>, 0.30 to 0.50, and &#x003E;0.50 correspond to small, medium, and large effects, respectively (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B29">29</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B30">30</xref>). The results were reported with trimmed means and corresponding standard deviations as well as effect sizes from one-way ANOVA analysis. When large effects were detected by the ANOVA, pairwise comparisons were conducted on trimmed means. All mean differences <inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM37"><mml:mspace width="thinmathspace" /><mml:mspace width="thinmathspace" /><mml:mrow><mml:mover><mml:mrow><mml:mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /><mml:mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /><mml:mi>&#x03C8;</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mo stretchy="false">&#x005E;</mml:mo></mml:mover></mml:mrow></mml:math></inline-formula> were reported with 95&#x0025; confidence intervals. A multiple testing Bonferroni correction was applied. An alpha level of 0.05 was used for statistical significance. All calculations and visualizations were conducted in R version 4.2.0 (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B31">31</xref>&#x2013;<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B33">33</xref>).</p>
</sec>
</sec>
<sec id="s3" sec-type="results"><label>3.</label><title>Results</title>
<sec id="s3a"><label>3.1.</label><title>Effect of season</title>
<p><xref ref-type="table" rid="T3">Table&#x00A0;3</xref> shows the effects of the season on the physical match demands. There were medium and small effects ranging between <inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM38"><mml:mn>0.32</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x2264;</mml:mo><mml:mspace width="thinmathspace" /><mml:mspace width="thinmathspace" /><mml:mrow><mml:mover><mml:mrow><mml:mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /><mml:mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /><mml:mi>&#x03BE;</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mo stretchy="false">&#x005E;</mml:mo></mml:mover></mml:mrow><mml:mo>&#x2264;</mml:mo><mml:mn>0.42</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM39"><mml:mn>0.09</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x2264;</mml:mo><mml:mspace width="thinmathspace" /><mml:mspace width="thinmathspace" /><mml:mrow><mml:mover><mml:mrow><mml:mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /><mml:mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /><mml:mi>&#x03BE;</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mo stretchy="false">&#x005E;</mml:mo></mml:mover></mml:mrow><mml:mo>&#x2264;</mml:mo><mml:mn>0.24</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula>, respectively. Large effects were found for the accumulated acceleration load (<inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM40"><mml:mspace width="thinmathspace" /><mml:mspace width="thinmathspace" /><mml:mrow><mml:mover><mml:mrow><mml:mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /><mml:mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /><mml:mi>&#x03BE;</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mo stretchy="false">&#x005E;</mml:mo></mml:mover></mml:mrow><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mn>0.86</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula>) and the maximum metabolic power (<inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM41"><mml:mspace width="thinmathspace" /><mml:mspace width="thinmathspace" /><mml:mrow><mml:mover><mml:mrow><mml:mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /><mml:mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /><mml:mi>&#x03BE;</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mo stretchy="false">&#x005E;</mml:mo></mml:mover></mml:mrow><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mn>0.6</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula>). The post-hoc tests show that the load was lower in 2019/2020 compared to 2020/2021 (<inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM42"><mml:mspace width="thinmathspace" /><mml:mspace width="thinmathspace" /><mml:mrow><mml:mover><mml:mrow><mml:mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /><mml:mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /><mml:mi>&#x03C8;</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mo stretchy="false">&#x005E;</mml:mo></mml:mover></mml:mrow><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mo>&#x2212;</mml:mo><mml:mn>528.8</mml:mn><mml:mspace width="thinmathspace"/><mml:mo stretchy="false">[</mml:mo><mml:mo>&#x2212;</mml:mo><mml:mn>575.1</mml:mn><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:mo>&#x2212;</mml:mo><mml:mn>482.6</mml:mn><mml:mo stretchy="false">]</mml:mo></mml:math></inline-formula>) and 2021/2022 (<inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM43"><mml:mspace width="thinmathspace" /><mml:mspace width="thinmathspace" /><mml:mrow><mml:mover><mml:mrow><mml:mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /><mml:mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /><mml:mi>&#x03C8;</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mo stretchy="false">&#x005E;</mml:mo></mml:mover></mml:mrow><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mo>&#x2212;</mml:mo><mml:mn>514.8</mml:mn><mml:mspace width="thinmathspace"/><mml:mo stretchy="false">[</mml:mo><mml:mo>&#x2212;</mml:mo><mml:mn>565.7</mml:mn><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:mo>&#x2212;</mml:mo><mml:mn>463.9</mml:mn><mml:mo stretchy="false">]</mml:mo></mml:math></inline-formula>). Also, the maximum metabolic power was lower in 2019/2020 (<inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM44"><mml:mspace width="thinmathspace" /><mml:mspace width="thinmathspace" /><mml:mrow><mml:mover><mml:mrow><mml:mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /><mml:mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /><mml:mi>&#x03C8;</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mo stretchy="false">&#x005E;</mml:mo></mml:mover></mml:mrow><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mo>&#x2212;</mml:mo><mml:mn>6.06</mml:mn><mml:mspace width="thinmathspace"/><mml:mo stretchy="false">[</mml:mo><mml:mo>&#x2212;</mml:mo><mml:mn>7.58</mml:mn><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:mo>&#x2212;</mml:mo><mml:mn>4.53</mml:mn><mml:mo stretchy="false">]</mml:mo></mml:math></inline-formula>) and in 2020/2021 (<inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM45"><mml:mspace width="thinmathspace" /><mml:mspace width="thinmathspace" /><mml:mrow><mml:mover><mml:mrow><mml:mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /><mml:mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /><mml:mi>&#x03C8;</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mo stretchy="false">&#x005E;</mml:mo></mml:mover></mml:mrow><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mo>&#x2212;</mml:mo><mml:mn>4.79</mml:mn><mml:mspace width="thinmathspace"/><mml:mo stretchy="false">[</mml:mo><mml:mo>&#x2212;</mml:mo><mml:mn>6.09</mml:mn><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:mo>&#x2212;</mml:mo><mml:mn>3.48</mml:mn><mml:mo stretchy="false">]</mml:mo></mml:math></inline-formula>) compared to 2021/2022.</p>
<table-wrap id="T3" position="float"><label>Table 3</label>
<caption><p>Physical match demands of four LIQUI-MOLY Handball Bundesliga teams across three seasons (<italic>n</italic><sub>all</sub> matches: 2019/2020 &#x003D; 90, 2020/2021 &#x003D; 136, 2021/2022 &#x003D; 121; <italic>n</italic><sub>ball tracking</sub>: 2019/2020 &#x003D; 33, 2020/2021 &#x003D; 61, 2021/2022 &#x003D; 119). Values are expressed as trimmed means (trim &#x003D; 0.2) and corresponding standard deviation of summarized team performance with exception of variables representing a maximum, where the mean was used.</p></caption>
<table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
<colgroup>
<col align="left"/>
<col align="center"/>
<col align="center"/>
<col align="center"/>
<col align="center"/>
<col align="center"/>
<col align="center"/>
</colgroup>
<thead>
<tr>
<th valign="top" align="left">Variable</th>
<th valign="top" align="center">Season 2019/2020</th>
<th valign="top" align="center">Season 2020/2021</th>
<th valign="top" align="center">Season 2021/2022</th>
<th valign="top" align="center">Effect size</th>
<th valign="top" align="center">95&#x0025;CI effect size</th>
<th valign="top" align="center">Magnitude</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left">Playing time [s]</td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM55"><mml:mn>21</mml:mn><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:mn>191.5</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>270.3</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM56"><mml:mn>21</mml:mn><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:mn>377.2</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>240.2</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM57"><mml:mn>21</mml:mn><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:mn>401.9</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>248.0</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center">0.42</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">[0.29, 0.54]</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">Medium</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left">Distance [m]</td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM58"><mml:mn>28</mml:mn><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:mn>331.6</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>1</mml:mn><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:mn>045.5</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM59"><mml:mn>28</mml:mn><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:mn>680.9</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>1</mml:mn><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:mn>104.0</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM60"><mml:mn>28</mml:mn><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:mn>665.1</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>1</mml:mn><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:mn>115.0</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center">0.18</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">[0.06, 0.33]</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">Small</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left">Max. speed [km/h]</td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM61"><mml:mn>23.7</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>0.9</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM62"><mml:mn>23.9</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>0.7</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM63"><mml:mn>24.0</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>0.7</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center">0.24</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">[0.13, 0.35]</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">Small</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left">Time speed very high [s]</td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM64"><mml:mn>168.1</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>37.3</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM65"><mml:mn>170.1</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>41.1</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM66"><mml:mn>175.3</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>42.7</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center">0.13</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">[0.04, 0.26]</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">Small</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left">Time speed high [s]</td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM67"><mml:mn>920.7</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>98.9</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM68"><mml:mn>921.2</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>115.0</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM69"><mml:mn>921.4</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>102.9</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center">0.10</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">[0.02, 0.23]</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">Small</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left">Time speed medium [s]</td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM70"><mml:mn>1</mml:mn><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:mn>861.3</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>190.7</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM71"><mml:mn>1</mml:mn><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:mn>914.3</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>152.9</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM72"><mml:mn>1</mml:mn><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:mn>909.6</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>169.6</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center">0.19</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">[0.04, 0.31]</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">Small</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left">Time speed low [s]</td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM73"><mml:mn>5</mml:mn><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:mn>965.4</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>378.8</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM74"><mml:mn>6</mml:mn><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:mn>055.0</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>417.7</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM75"><mml:mn>6</mml:mn><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:mn>063.7</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>588.7</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center">0.14</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">[0.03, 0.28]</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">Small</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left">Time speed very low [s]</td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM76"><mml:mn>12</mml:mn><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:mn>302.5</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>463.5</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM77"><mml:mn>12</mml:mn><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:mn>374.6</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>465.0</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM78"><mml:mn>12</mml:mn><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:mn>375.7</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>585.6</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center">0.10</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">[0.02, 0.27]</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">Small</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left">Max. acceleration [m/s<inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM79"><mml:msup><mml:mi></mml:mi><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msup></mml:math></inline-formula>]</td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM80"><mml:mn>3.4</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>0.2</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM81"><mml:mn>3.4</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>0.1</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM82"><mml:mn>3.4</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>0.1</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center">0.32</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">[0.14, 0.45]</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">Medium</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left">Acceleration very high</td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM83"><mml:mn>31.4</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>12.0</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM84"><mml:mn>30.9</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>11.5</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM85"><mml:mn>33.3</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>10.4</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center">0.13</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">[0.05, 0.26]</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">Small</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left">Acceleration high</td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM86"><mml:mn>64.9</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>15.2</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM87"><mml:mn>67.0</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>10.7</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM88"><mml:mn>67.8</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>10.8</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center">0.13</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">[0.05, 0.33]</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">Small</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left">Acceleration medium</td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM89"><mml:mn>125.4</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>15.3</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM90"><mml:mn>126.3</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>15.0</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM91"><mml:mn>125.8</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>14.8</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center">0.09</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">[0.01, 0.21]</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">Small</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left">Acceleration low</td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM92"><mml:mn>168.4</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>22.0</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM93"><mml:mn>173</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>17.3</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM94"><mml:mn>167.2</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>18.6</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center">0.20</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">[0.09, 0.31]</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">Small</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left">Max. deceleration [m/s<inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM95"><mml:msup><mml:mi></mml:mi><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msup></mml:math></inline-formula>]</td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM96"><mml:mo>&#x2212;</mml:mo><mml:mn>3.3</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>0.2</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM97"><mml:mo>&#x2212;</mml:mo><mml:mn>3.3</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>0.2</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM98"><mml:mo>&#x2212;</mml:mo><mml:mn>3.3</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>0.1</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center">0.13</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">[0.03, 0.23]</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">Small</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left">Deceleration very high</td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM99"><mml:mn>16.2</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>6.6</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM100"><mml:mn>14.1</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>5.4</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM101"><mml:mn>16.4</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>6.8</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center">0.23</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">[0.08, 0.35]</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">Small</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left">Deceleration high</td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM102"><mml:mn>37.5</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>10.0</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM103"><mml:mn>37.3</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>9.5</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM104"><mml:mn>39.2</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>9.7</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center">0.14</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">[0.04, 0.29]</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">Small</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left">Deceleration medium</td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM105"><mml:mn>90.4</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>17.0</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM106"><mml:mn>92.7</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>14.1</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM107"><mml:mn>91.0</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>11.5</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center">0.12</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">[0.04, 0.24]</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">Small</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left">Deceleration low</td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM108"><mml:mn>148.9</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>21.7</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM109"><mml:mn>152.3</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>20.7</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM110"><mml:mn>145.5</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>19.3</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center">0.18</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">[0.05, 0.33]</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">Small</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left">Max. metabolic power [W/kg]</td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM111"><mml:mn>61.9</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>4.7</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM112"><mml:mn>63.2</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>4.2</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM113"><mml:mn>67.9</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>4.4</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center">0.60</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">[0.5, 0.69]</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">Large</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left">Time metabolic power very high [s]</td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM114"><mml:mn>656.3</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>68.1</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM115"><mml:mn>654.7</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>68.0</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM116"><mml:mn>695.9</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>76.6</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center">0.32</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">[0.15, 0.44]</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">Medium</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left">Time metabolic power high [s]</td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM117"><mml:mn>1</mml:mn><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:mn>070.0</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>126.0</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM118"><mml:mn>1</mml:mn><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:mn>095.1</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>118.7</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM119"><mml:mn>1</mml:mn><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:mn>094.8</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>104.4</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center">0.14</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">[0.03, 0.26]</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">Small</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left">Time metabolic power medium [s]</td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM120"><mml:mn>6</mml:mn><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:mn>941.3</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>367.3</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM121"><mml:mn>7</mml:mn><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:mn>031.3</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>398.4</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM122"><mml:mn>7</mml:mn><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:mn>002.8</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>514.9</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center">0.14</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">[0.04, 0.23]</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">Small</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left">Time metabolic power low [s]</td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM123"><mml:mn>12</mml:mn><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:mn>584</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>446.5</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM124"><mml:mn>12</mml:mn><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:mn>666.9</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>457.5</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM125"><mml:mn>12</mml:mn><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:mn>662.1</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>556.9</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center">0.13</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">[0.04, 0.26]</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">Small</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left">Accumulated acceleration load [a.u.]</td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM126"><mml:mn>2</mml:mn><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:mn>964.3</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>140.1</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM127"><mml:mn>3</mml:mn><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:mn>493.2</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>125.4</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM128"><mml:mn>3</mml:mn><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:mn>479.1</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>146.8</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center">0.86</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">[0.83, 0.89]</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">Large</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left">Impacts</td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM129"><mml:mn>111.9</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>23.9</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM130"><mml:mn>97.5</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>19.8</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM131"><mml:mn>102.3</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>21.5</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center">0.36</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">[0.23, 0.47]</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">Medium</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left">Jumps</td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM132"><mml:mn>107.8</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>17.7</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM133"><mml:mn>118.6</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>19.8</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM134"><mml:mn>122.3</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>17.3</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center">0.39</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">[0.29, 0.51]</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">Medium</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left">Passes</td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM135"><mml:mn>669.5</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>86.8</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM136"><mml:mn>689.1</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>85.8</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM137"><mml:mn>667.4</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>124.3</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center">0.21</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">[0.05, 0.44]</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">Small</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left">Shots</td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM138"><mml:mn>50.1</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>7.0</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM139"><mml:mn>51.2</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>8.8</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM140"><mml:mn>51.2</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>8.4</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center">0.17</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">[0.04, 0.38]</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">Small</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table-wrap-foot>
<fn id="table-fn3"><p>Notes: CI, confidence interval.</p></fn>
</table-wrap-foot>
</table-wrap>
</sec>
<sec id="s3b"><label>3.2.</label><title>Effect of team</title>
<p><xref ref-type="table" rid="T4">Table&#x00A0;4</xref> shows the physical match demands of the four teams and the results from the ANOVA. There were large, medium, and small effects ranging between <inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM141"><mml:mn>0.56</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x2264;</mml:mo><mml:mspace width="thinmathspace" /><mml:mspace width="thinmathspace" /><mml:mrow><mml:mover><mml:mrow><mml:mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /><mml:mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /><mml:mi>&#x03BE;</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mo stretchy="false">&#x005E;</mml:mo></mml:mover></mml:mrow><mml:mo>&#x2264;</mml:mo><mml:mn>0.72</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula>, <inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM142"><mml:mn>0.30</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x2264;</mml:mo><mml:mspace width="thinmathspace" /><mml:mspace width="thinmathspace" /><mml:mrow><mml:mover><mml:mrow><mml:mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /><mml:mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /><mml:mi>&#x03BE;</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mo stretchy="false">&#x005E;</mml:mo></mml:mover></mml:mrow><mml:mo>&#x2264;</mml:mo><mml:mn>0.46</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula>, and <inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM143"><mml:mn>0.17</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x2264;</mml:mo><mml:mspace width="thinmathspace" /><mml:mspace width="thinmathspace" /><mml:mrow><mml:mover><mml:mrow><mml:mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /><mml:mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /><mml:mi>&#x03BE;</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mo stretchy="false">&#x005E;</mml:mo></mml:mover></mml:mrow><mml:mo>&#x2264;</mml:mo><mml:mn>0.29</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula>, respectively. Additionally, <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F1">Figure&#x00A0;1</xref> shows the distributions and results from the post-hoc tests of the variables with large effect sizes.</p>
<fig id="F1" position="float"><label>Figure 1</label>
<caption><p>Selected distributions of physical match demands from the four LIQUI-MOLY Handball Bundesliga teams. Pairwise comparisons were done on trimmed means. Variables were selected by large effects resulting from ANOVA on trimmed means. Variables without unit are presented as count.</p></caption>
<graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="fspor-05-1183881-g001.tif"/>
</fig>
<table-wrap id="T4" position="float"><label>Table 4</label>
<caption><p>Physical match demands of the four LIQUI-MOLY Handball Bundesliga teams. Values are expressed as trimmed means (trim &#x003D; 0.2) and corresponding standard deviation of summarized team performance with exception of variables representing a maximum, where the mean was used.</p></caption>
<table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
<colgroup>
<col align="left"/>
<col align="center"/>
<col align="center"/>
<col align="center"/>
<col align="center"/>
<col align="center"/>
<col align="center"/>
<col align="center"/>
</colgroup>
<thead>
<tr>
<th valign="top" align="left">Variable</th>
<th valign="top" align="center">A</th>
<th valign="top" align="center">B</th>
<th valign="top" align="center">C</th>
<th valign="top" align="center">D</th>
<th valign="top" align="center">Effect size</th>
<th valign="top" align="center">95&#x0025;CI effect size</th>
<th valign="top" align="center">Magnitude</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left">Playing time [s]</td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM145"><mml:mn>21</mml:mn><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:mn>333.1</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>270.5</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM146"><mml:mn>21</mml:mn><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:mn>273</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>286.4</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM147"><mml:mn>21</mml:mn><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:mn>308.9</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>254.0</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM148"><mml:mn>21</mml:mn><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:mn>442.5</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>246.6</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center">0.28</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">[0.17, 0.43]</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">Small</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left">Distance [m]</td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM149"><mml:mn>28</mml:mn><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:mn>681.4</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>956.4</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM150"><mml:mn>28</mml:mn><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:mn>042.2</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>1</mml:mn><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:mn>062.8</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM151"><mml:mn>29</mml:mn><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:mn>169.9</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>1</mml:mn><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:mn>085.1</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM152"><mml:mn>28</mml:mn><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:mn>472.6</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>1</mml:mn><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:mn>010.0</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center">0.46</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">[0.33, 0.54]</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">Medium</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left">Max. speed [km/h]</td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM153"><mml:mn>23.7</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>0.9</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM154"><mml:mn>24.0</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>0.9</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM155"><mml:mn>24.0</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>0.7</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM156"><mml:mn>23.9</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>0.7</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center">0.20</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">[0.07, 0.34]</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">Small</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left">Time speed very high [s]</td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM157"><mml:mn>184.9</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>42.3</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM158"><mml:mn>166.7</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>41.1</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM159"><mml:mn>178.9</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>31.6</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM160"><mml:mn>154.0</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>37.8</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center">0.34</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">[0.23, 0.46]</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">Medium</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left">Time speed high [s]</td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM161"><mml:mn>986.4</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>101.9</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM162"><mml:mn>853.9</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>86.0</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM163"><mml:mn>951.6</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>84.6</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM164"><mml:mn>896.4</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>94.6</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center">0.56</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">[0.45, 0.64]</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">Large</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left">Time speed medium [s]</td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM165"><mml:mn>1</mml:mn><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:mn>981.8</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>157.1</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM166"><mml:mn>1</mml:mn><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:mn>799</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>156.4</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM167"><mml:mn>1</mml:mn><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:mn>893.9</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>142.6</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM168"><mml:mn>1</mml:mn><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:mn>928.9</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>153.1</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center">0.46</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">[0.38, 0.57]</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">Medium</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left">Time speed low [s]</td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM169"><mml:mn>5</mml:mn><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:mn>621.8</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>348.5</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM170"><mml:mn>6</mml:mn><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:mn>260.7</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>369.7</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM171"><mml:mn>6</mml:mn><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:mn>339.3</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>428.7</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM172"><mml:mn>5</mml:mn><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:mn>949.3</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>321.5</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center">0.72</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">[0.64, 0.80]</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">Large</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left">Time speed very low [s]</td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM173"><mml:mn>12</mml:mn><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:mn>639.4</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>422.4</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM174"><mml:mn>12</mml:mn><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:mn>234.2</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>431.5</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM175"><mml:mn>11</mml:mn><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:mn>981.9</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>412.9</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM176"><mml:mn>12</mml:mn><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:mn>534.7</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>420.2</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center">0.60</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">[0.52, 0.67]</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">Large</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left">Max. acceleration [m/s<inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM177"><mml:msup><mml:mi></mml:mi><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msup></mml:math></inline-formula>]</td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM178"><mml:mn>3.4</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>0.1</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM179"><mml:mn>3.4</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>0.2</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM180"><mml:mn>3.4</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>0.1</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM181"><mml:mn>3.4</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>0.1</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center">0.17</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">[0.06, 0.28]</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">Small</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left">Acceleration very high</td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM182"><mml:mn>29.4</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>11.1</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM183"><mml:mn>33.5</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>12.3</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM184"><mml:mn>35.6</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>9.9</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM185"><mml:mn>29.4</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>10.8</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center">0.28</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">[0.16, 0.41]</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">Small</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left">Acceleration high</td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM186"><mml:mn>63.9</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>10.4</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM187"><mml:mn>67.5</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>10.7</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM188"><mml:mn>70.9</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>10.8</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM189"><mml:mn>65.2</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>12.5</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center">0.29</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">[0.18, 0.42]</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">Small</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left">Acceleration medium</td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM190"><mml:mn>123.6</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>14.7</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM191"><mml:mn>121.6</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>15.0</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM192"><mml:mn>127.4</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>11.7</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM193"><mml:mn>131.1</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>15.6</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center">0.30</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">[0.17, 0.42]</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">Medium</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left">Acceleration low</td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM194"><mml:mn>166.8</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>17.1</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM195"><mml:mn>157.1</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>18.5</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM196"><mml:mn>175.6</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>15.0</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM197"><mml:mn>179.7</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>19.7</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center">0.56</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">[0.45, 0.67]</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">Large</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left">Max. deceleration [m/s<inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM198"><mml:msup><mml:mi></mml:mi><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msup></mml:math></inline-formula>]</td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM199"><mml:mo>&#x2212;</mml:mo><mml:mn>3.2</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>0.1</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM200"><mml:mo>&#x2212;</mml:mo><mml:mn>3.3</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>0.2</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM201"><mml:mo>&#x2212;</mml:mo><mml:mn>3.3</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>0.1</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM202"><mml:mo>&#x2212;</mml:mo><mml:mn>3.3</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>0.2</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center">0.32</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">[0.18, 0.45]</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">Medium</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left">Deceleration very high</td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM203"><mml:mn>14.9</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>5.6</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM204"><mml:mn>14.4</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>6.6</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM205"><mml:mn>16.4</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>6.9</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM206"><mml:mn>16.2</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>6.3</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center">0.18</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">[0.08, 0.29]</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">Small</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left">Deceleration high</td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM207"><mml:mn>37.5</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>9.6</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM208"><mml:mn>35.9</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>9.9</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM209"><mml:mn>40.3</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>10.2</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM210"><mml:mn>38.5</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>8.6</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center">0.20</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">[0.11, 0.33]</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">Small</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left">Deceleration medium</td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM211"><mml:mn>90.9</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>12.0</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM212"><mml:mn>90.5</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>14.8</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM213"><mml:mn>96.5</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>15.2</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM214"><mml:mn>89.0</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>12.8</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center">0.28</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">[0.14, 0.40]</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">Small</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left">Deceleration low</td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM215"><mml:mn>152.4</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>18.2</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM216"><mml:mn>141.8</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>16.4</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM217"><mml:mn>161.2</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>18.2</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM218"><mml:mn>141.9</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>18.7</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center">0.46</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">[0.38, 0.54]</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">Medium</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left">Max. metabolic power [W/kg]</td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM219"><mml:mn>63.6</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>4.8</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM220"><mml:mn>63.3</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>5.7</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM221"><mml:mn>66.0</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>4.5</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM222"><mml:mn>65.1</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>5.2</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center">0.25</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">[0.15, 0.37]</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">Small</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left">Time metabolic power very high [s]</td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM223"><mml:mn>691.3</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>72.1</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM224"><mml:mn>636.8</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>65.0</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM225"><mml:mn>698.3</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>65.0</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM226"><mml:mn>648.7</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>63.7</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center">0.42</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">[0.31, 0.52]</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">Medium</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left">Time metabolic power high [s]</td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM227"><mml:mn>1</mml:mn><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:mn>173.7</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>98.3</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM228"><mml:mn>993.9</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>101.9</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM229"><mml:mn>1</mml:mn><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:mn>100.6</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>90.1</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM230"><mml:mn>1</mml:mn><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:mn>087.3</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>89.0</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center">0.65</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">[0.55, 0.73]</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">Large</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left">Time metabolic power medium [s]</td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM231"><mml:mn>6</mml:mn><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:mn>665.1</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>331.0</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM232"><mml:mn>7</mml:mn><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:mn>160.2</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>353.3</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM233"><mml:mn>7</mml:mn><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:mn>291.2</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>407.3</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM234"><mml:mn>6</mml:mn><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:mn>917.4</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>338.3</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center">0.63</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">[0.57, 0.72]</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">Large</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left">Time metabolic power low [s]</td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM235"><mml:mn>12</mml:mn><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:mn>904.4</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>406.4</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM236"><mml:mn>12</mml:mn><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:mn>518.8</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>417.7</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM237"><mml:mn>12</mml:mn><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:mn>280.1</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>393.0</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM238"><mml:mn>12</mml:mn><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:mn>843.3</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>402.8</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center">0.60</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">[0.53, 0.68]</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">Large</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left">Accumulated acceleration load [a.u.]</td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM239"><mml:mn>3</mml:mn><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:mn>421.8</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>222.4</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM240"><mml:mn>3</mml:mn><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:mn>333.3</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>260.0</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM241"><mml:mn>3</mml:mn><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:mn>323.7</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>229.7</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM242"><mml:mn>3</mml:mn><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:mn>520.9</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>241.8</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center">0.33</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">[0.21, 0.44]</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">Medium</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left">Impacts</td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM243"><mml:mn>112.9</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>19.8</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM244"><mml:mn>92.9</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>19.3</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM245"><mml:mn>102.9</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>23.9</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM246"><mml:mn>101.9</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>19.5</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center">0.39</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">[0.30, 0.48]</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">Medium</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left">Jumps</td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM247"><mml:mn>114.1</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>13.3</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM248"><mml:mn>104.1</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>15.4</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM249"><mml:mn>122.1</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>16.0</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM250"><mml:mn>130.8</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>20.1</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center">0.60</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">[0.52, 0.70]</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">Large</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left">Passes</td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM251"><mml:mn>572.2</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>86.2</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM252"><mml:mn>677.5</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>74.2</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM253"><mml:mn>669.4</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>85.3</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM254"><mml:mn>740.8</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>75.6</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center">0.68</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">[0.48, 0.84]</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">Large</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left">Shots</td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM255"><mml:mn>53.8</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>8.5</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM256"><mml:mn>50.8</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>7.7</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM257"><mml:mn>51.7</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>6.4</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM258"><mml:mn>48.9</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>7.7</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center">0.29</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">[0.12, 0.49]</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">Small</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table-wrap-foot>
<fn id="table-fn4"><p>Notes: CI, confidence interval.</p></fn>
</table-wrap-foot>
</table-wrap>
<p>The mean differences of post-hoc test associated with <xref ref-type="table" rid="T4">Table&#x00A0;4</xref> show that compared to Team B, Team A showed higher values for time at high (<inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM259"><mml:mspace width="thinmathspace" /><mml:mspace width="thinmathspace" /><mml:mrow><mml:mover><mml:mrow><mml:mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /><mml:mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /><mml:mi>&#x03C8;</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mo stretchy="false">&#x005E;</mml:mo></mml:mover></mml:mrow><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mn>132.5</mml:mn><mml:mspace width="thinmathspace"/><mml:mo stretchy="false">[</mml:mo><mml:mn>93.4</mml:mn><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:mn>171.5</mml:mn><mml:mo stretchy="false">]</mml:mo></mml:math></inline-formula>) and very-low speed (<inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM260"><mml:mspace width="thinmathspace" /><mml:mspace width="thinmathspace" /><mml:mrow><mml:mover><mml:mrow><mml:mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /><mml:mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /><mml:mi>&#x03C8;</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mo stretchy="false">&#x005E;</mml:mo></mml:mover></mml:mrow><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mn>405.2</mml:mn><mml:mspace width="thinmathspace"/><mml:mo stretchy="false">[</mml:mo><mml:mn>233.6</mml:mn><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:mn>576.8</mml:mn><mml:mo stretchy="false">]</mml:mo></mml:math></inline-formula>), and numbers of low acceleration (<inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM261"><mml:mspace width="thinmathspace" /><mml:mspace width="thinmathspace" /><mml:mrow><mml:mover><mml:mrow><mml:mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /><mml:mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /><mml:mi>&#x03C8;</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mo stretchy="false">&#x005E;</mml:mo></mml:mover></mml:mrow><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mn>9.6</mml:mn><mml:mspace width="thinmathspace"/><mml:mo stretchy="false">[</mml:mo><mml:mn>2.2</mml:mn><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:mn>17.1</mml:mn><mml:mo stretchy="false">]</mml:mo></mml:math></inline-formula>), time at high (<inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM262"><mml:mspace width="thinmathspace" /><mml:mspace width="thinmathspace" /><mml:mrow><mml:mover><mml:mrow><mml:mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /><mml:mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /><mml:mi>&#x03C8;</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mo stretchy="false">&#x005E;</mml:mo></mml:mover></mml:mrow><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mn>179.8</mml:mn><mml:mspace width="thinmathspace"/><mml:mo stretchy="false">[</mml:mo><mml:mn>139.5</mml:mn><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:mn>220.1</mml:mn><mml:mo stretchy="false">]</mml:mo></mml:math></inline-formula>) and low metabolic power (<inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM263"><mml:mspace width="thinmathspace" /><mml:mspace width="thinmathspace" /><mml:mrow><mml:mover><mml:mrow><mml:mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /><mml:mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /><mml:mi>&#x03C8;</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mo stretchy="false">&#x005E;</mml:mo></mml:mover></mml:mrow><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mn>385.6</mml:mn><mml:mspace width="thinmathspace"/><mml:mo stretchy="false">[</mml:mo><mml:mn>223.3</mml:mn><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:mn>547.9</mml:mn><mml:mo stretchy="false">]</mml:mo></mml:math></inline-formula>), and jumps (<inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM264"><mml:mspace width="thinmathspace" /><mml:mspace width="thinmathspace" /><mml:mrow><mml:mover><mml:mrow><mml:mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /><mml:mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /><mml:mi>&#x03C8;</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mo stretchy="false">&#x005E;</mml:mo></mml:mover></mml:mrow><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mn>10.0</mml:mn><mml:mspace width="thinmathspace"/><mml:mo stretchy="false">[</mml:mo><mml:mn>4.4</mml:mn><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:mn>15.6</mml:mn><mml:mo stretchy="false">]</mml:mo></mml:math></inline-formula>). Lower values were found for them for time at low speed (<inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM265"><mml:mspace width="thinmathspace" /><mml:mspace width="thinmathspace" /><mml:mrow><mml:mover><mml:mrow><mml:mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /><mml:mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /><mml:mi>&#x03C8;</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mo stretchy="false">&#x005E;</mml:mo></mml:mover></mml:mrow><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mo>&#x2212;</mml:mo><mml:mn>638.9</mml:mn><mml:mspace width="thinmathspace"/><mml:mo stretchy="false">[</mml:mo><mml:mo>&#x2212;</mml:mo><mml:mn>780.2</mml:mn><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:mo>&#x2212;</mml:mo><mml:mn>497.6</mml:mn><mml:mo stretchy="false">]</mml:mo></mml:math></inline-formula>), time at medium metabolic power (<inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM266"><mml:mspace width="thinmathspace" /><mml:mspace width="thinmathspace" /><mml:mrow><mml:mover><mml:mrow><mml:mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /><mml:mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /><mml:mi>&#x03C8;</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mo stretchy="false">&#x005E;</mml:mo></mml:mover></mml:mrow><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mo>&#x2212;</mml:mo><mml:mn>495.1</mml:mn><mml:mspace width="thinmathspace"/><mml:mo stretchy="false">[</mml:mo><mml:mo>&#x2212;</mml:mo><mml:mn>623.1</mml:mn><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:mo>&#x2212;</mml:mo><mml:mn>367.2</mml:mn><mml:mo stretchy="false">]</mml:mo></mml:math></inline-formula>), and passes (<inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM267"><mml:mspace width="thinmathspace" /><mml:mspace width="thinmathspace" /><mml:mrow><mml:mover><mml:mrow><mml:mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /><mml:mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /><mml:mi>&#x03C8;</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mo stretchy="false">&#x005E;</mml:mo></mml:mover></mml:mrow><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mo>&#x2212;</mml:mo><mml:mn>105.3</mml:mn><mml:mspace width="thinmathspace"/><mml:mo stretchy="false">[</mml:mo><mml:mo>&#x2212;</mml:mo><mml:mn>157.2</mml:mn><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:mo>&#x2212;</mml:mo><mml:mn>53.4</mml:mn><mml:mo stretchy="false">]</mml:mo></mml:math></inline-formula>).</p>
<p>Compared to Team C, Team A had higher values for time at very-low speed (<inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM268"><mml:mspace width="thinmathspace" /><mml:mspace width="thinmathspace" /><mml:mrow><mml:mover><mml:mrow><mml:mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /><mml:mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /><mml:mi>&#x03C8;</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mo stretchy="false">&#x005E;</mml:mo></mml:mover></mml:mrow><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mn>657.5</mml:mn><mml:mspace width="thinmathspace"/><mml:mo stretchy="false">[</mml:mo><mml:mn>489.3</mml:mn><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:mn>825.7</mml:mn><mml:mo stretchy="false">]</mml:mo></mml:math></inline-formula>), time at high (<inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM269"><mml:mspace width="thinmathspace" /><mml:mspace width="thinmathspace" /><mml:mrow><mml:mover><mml:mrow><mml:mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /><mml:mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /><mml:mi>&#x03C8;</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mo stretchy="false">&#x005E;</mml:mo></mml:mover></mml:mrow><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mn>73.1</mml:mn><mml:mspace width="thinmathspace"/><mml:mo stretchy="false">[</mml:mo><mml:mn>34.3</mml:mn><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:mn>111.9</mml:mn><mml:mo stretchy="false">]</mml:mo></mml:math></inline-formula>) and low metabolic power (<inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM270"><mml:mspace width="thinmathspace" /><mml:mspace width="thinmathspace" /><mml:mrow><mml:mover><mml:mrow><mml:mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /><mml:mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /><mml:mi>&#x03C8;</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mo stretchy="false">&#x005E;</mml:mo></mml:mover></mml:mrow><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mn>624.3</mml:mn><mml:mspace width="thinmathspace"/><mml:mo stretchy="false">[</mml:mo><mml:mn>464.4</mml:mn><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:mn>784.1</mml:mn><mml:mo stretchy="false">]</mml:mo></mml:math></inline-formula>). Lower values were found for them for time at low speed (<inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM271"><mml:mspace width="thinmathspace" /><mml:mspace width="thinmathspace" /><mml:mrow><mml:mover><mml:mrow><mml:mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /><mml:mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /><mml:mi>&#x03C8;</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mo stretchy="false">&#x005E;</mml:mo></mml:mover></mml:mrow><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mo>&#x2212;</mml:mo><mml:mn>717.6</mml:mn><mml:mspace width="thinmathspace"/><mml:mo stretchy="false">[</mml:mo><mml:mo>&#x2212;</mml:mo><mml:mn>880.6</mml:mn><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:mo>&#x2212;</mml:mo><mml:mn>554.6</mml:mn><mml:mo stretchy="false">]</mml:mo></mml:math></inline-formula>), numbers of low acceleration (<inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM272"><mml:mspace width="thinmathspace" /><mml:mspace width="thinmathspace" /><mml:mrow><mml:mover><mml:mrow><mml:mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /><mml:mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /><mml:mi>&#x03C8;</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mo stretchy="false">&#x005E;</mml:mo></mml:mover></mml:mrow><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mo>&#x2212;</mml:mo><mml:mn>8.8</mml:mn><mml:mspace width="thinmathspace"/><mml:mo stretchy="false">[</mml:mo><mml:mo>&#x2212;</mml:mo><mml:mn>15.4</mml:mn><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:mo>&#x2212;</mml:mo><mml:mn>2.3</mml:mn><mml:mo stretchy="false">]</mml:mo></mml:math></inline-formula>), time at medium metabolic power (<inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM273"><mml:mspace width="thinmathspace" /><mml:mspace width="thinmathspace" /><mml:mrow><mml:mover><mml:mrow><mml:mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /><mml:mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /><mml:mi>&#x03C8;</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mo stretchy="false">&#x005E;</mml:mo></mml:mover></mml:mrow><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mo>&#x2212;</mml:mo><mml:mn>626.1</mml:mn><mml:mspace width="thinmathspace"/><mml:mo stretchy="false">[</mml:mo><mml:mo>&#x2212;</mml:mo><mml:mn>776.7</mml:mn><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:mo>&#x2212;</mml:mo><mml:mn>475.5</mml:mn><mml:mo stretchy="false">]</mml:mo></mml:math></inline-formula>), jumps (<inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM274"><mml:mspace width="thinmathspace" /><mml:mspace width="thinmathspace" /><mml:mrow><mml:mover><mml:mrow><mml:mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /><mml:mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /><mml:mi>&#x03C8;</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mo stretchy="false">&#x005E;</mml:mo></mml:mover></mml:mrow><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mo>&#x2212;</mml:mo><mml:mn>8.0</mml:mn><mml:mspace width="thinmathspace"/><mml:mo stretchy="false">[</mml:mo><mml:mo>&#x2212;</mml:mo><mml:mn>13.9</mml:mn><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:mo>&#x2212;</mml:mo><mml:mn>2.0</mml:mn><mml:mo stretchy="false">]</mml:mo></mml:math></inline-formula>), and passes (<inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM275"><mml:mspace width="thinmathspace" /><mml:mspace width="thinmathspace" /><mml:mrow><mml:mover><mml:mrow><mml:mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /><mml:mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /><mml:mi>&#x03C8;</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mo stretchy="false">&#x005E;</mml:mo></mml:mover></mml:mrow><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mo>&#x2212;</mml:mo><mml:mn>97.2</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula> <inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM276"><mml:mo stretchy="false">[</mml:mo><mml:mo>&#x2212;</mml:mo><mml:mn>146.7</mml:mn><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:mo>&#x2212;</mml:mo><mml:mn>47.7</mml:mn><mml:mo stretchy="false">]</mml:mo></mml:math></inline-formula>).</p>
<p>Compared to Team D, Team A had higher values for time at high speed (<inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM277"><mml:mrow><mml:mover><mml:mi>&#x03C8;</mml:mi><mml:mo stretchy="false">&#x005E;</mml:mo></mml:mover></mml:mrow><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mn>89.9</mml:mn><mml:mspace width="thinmathspace"/><mml:mo stretchy="false">[</mml:mo><mml:mn>48.9</mml:mn><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:mn>130.0</mml:mn><mml:mo stretchy="false">]</mml:mo></mml:math></inline-formula>) and time at high metabolic power (<inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM278"><mml:mspace width="thinmathspace" /><mml:mspace width="thinmathspace" /><mml:mrow><mml:mover><mml:mrow><mml:mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /><mml:mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /><mml:mi>&#x03C8;</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mo stretchy="false">&#x005E;</mml:mo></mml:mover></mml:mrow><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mn>86.4</mml:mn><mml:mspace width="thinmathspace"/><mml:mo stretchy="false">[</mml:mo><mml:mn>48.9</mml:mn><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:mn>123.9</mml:mn><mml:mo stretchy="false">]</mml:mo></mml:math></inline-formula>). Lower values were found for them for time at low speed (<inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM279"><mml:mspace width="thinmathspace" /><mml:mspace width="thinmathspace" /><mml:mrow><mml:mover><mml:mrow><mml:mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /><mml:mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /><mml:mi>&#x03C8;</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mo stretchy="false">&#x005E;</mml:mo></mml:mover></mml:mrow><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mo>&#x2212;</mml:mo><mml:mn>327.5</mml:mn><mml:mspace width="thinmathspace"/><mml:mo stretchy="false">[</mml:mo><mml:mo>&#x2212;</mml:mo><mml:mn>462.4</mml:mn><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:mo>&#x2212;</mml:mo><mml:mn>192.7</mml:mn><mml:mo stretchy="false">]</mml:mo></mml:math></inline-formula>), numbers of low acceleration (<inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM280"><mml:mspace width="thinmathspace" /><mml:mspace width="thinmathspace" /><mml:mrow><mml:mover><mml:mrow><mml:mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /><mml:mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /><mml:mi>&#x03C8;</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mo stretchy="false">&#x005E;</mml:mo></mml:mover></mml:mrow><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mo>&#x2212;</mml:mo><mml:mn>12.9</mml:mn><mml:mspace width="thinmathspace"/><mml:mo stretchy="false">[</mml:mo><mml:mo>&#x2212;</mml:mo><mml:mn>20.5</mml:mn><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:mo>&#x2212;</mml:mo><mml:mn>5.3</mml:mn><mml:mo stretchy="false">]</mml:mo></mml:math></inline-formula>), time at medium metabolic power (<inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM281"><mml:mspace width="thinmathspace" /><mml:mspace width="thinmathspace" /><mml:mrow><mml:mover><mml:mrow><mml:mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /><mml:mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /><mml:mi>&#x03C8;</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mo stretchy="false">&#x005E;</mml:mo></mml:mover></mml:mrow><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mo>&#x2212;</mml:mo><mml:mn>252.3</mml:mn><mml:mspace width="thinmathspace"/><mml:mo stretchy="false">[</mml:mo><mml:mo>&#x2212;</mml:mo><mml:mn>383.4</mml:mn><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:mo>&#x2212;</mml:mo><mml:mn>121.3</mml:mn><mml:mo stretchy="false">]</mml:mo></mml:math></inline-formula>), jumps (<inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM282"><mml:mspace width="thinmathspace" /><mml:mspace width="thinmathspace" /><mml:mrow><mml:mover><mml:mrow><mml:mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /><mml:mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /><mml:mi>&#x03C8;</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mo stretchy="false">&#x005E;</mml:mo></mml:mover></mml:mrow><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mo>&#x2212;</mml:mo><mml:mn>16.7</mml:mn><mml:mspace width="thinmathspace"/><mml:mo stretchy="false">[</mml:mo><mml:mo>&#x2212;</mml:mo><mml:mn>23.6</mml:mn><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:mo>&#x2212;</mml:mo><mml:mn>9.8</mml:mn><mml:mo stretchy="false">]</mml:mo></mml:math></inline-formula>), and passes (<inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM283"><mml:mspace width="thinmathspace" /><mml:mspace width="thinmathspace" /><mml:mrow><mml:mover><mml:mrow><mml:mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /><mml:mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /><mml:mi>&#x03C8;</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mo stretchy="false">&#x005E;</mml:mo></mml:mover></mml:mrow><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mo>&#x2212;</mml:mo><mml:mn>168.6</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula> <inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM284"><mml:mo stretchy="false">[</mml:mo><mml:mo>&#x2212;</mml:mo><mml:mn>213.9</mml:mn><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:mo>&#x2212;</mml:mo><mml:mn>123.3</mml:mn><mml:mo stretchy="false">]</mml:mo></mml:math></inline-formula>).</p>
<p>Compared to Team C, Team B had higher values for time at very-low speed (<inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM285"><mml:mspace width="thinmathspace" /><mml:mspace width="thinmathspace" /><mml:mrow><mml:mover><mml:mrow><mml:mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /><mml:mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /><mml:mi>&#x03C8;</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mo stretchy="false">&#x005E;</mml:mo></mml:mover></mml:mrow><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mn>252.3</mml:mn><mml:mspace width="thinmathspace"/><mml:mo stretchy="false">[</mml:mo><mml:mn>73.5</mml:mn><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:mn>431.0</mml:mn><mml:mo stretchy="false">]</mml:mo></mml:math></inline-formula>) and time at low metabolic power (<inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM286"><mml:mspace width="thinmathspace" /><mml:mspace width="thinmathspace" /><mml:mrow><mml:mover><mml:mrow><mml:mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /><mml:mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /><mml:mi>&#x03C8;</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mo stretchy="false">&#x005E;</mml:mo></mml:mover></mml:mrow><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mn>238.6</mml:mn><mml:mspace width="thinmathspace"/><mml:mo stretchy="false">[</mml:mo><mml:mn>66.3</mml:mn><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:mn>410.9</mml:mn><mml:mo stretchy="false">]</mml:mo></mml:math></inline-formula>). Lower values were found for them for time at high speed (<inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM287"><mml:mspace width="thinmathspace" /><mml:mspace width="thinmathspace" /><mml:mrow><mml:mover><mml:mrow><mml:mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /><mml:mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /><mml:mi>&#x03C8;</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mo stretchy="false">&#x005E;</mml:mo></mml:mover></mml:mrow><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mo>&#x2212;</mml:mo><mml:mn>97.7</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula> <inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM288"><mml:mo stretchy="false">[</mml:mo><mml:mo>&#x2212;</mml:mo><mml:mn>133.9</mml:mn><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:mo>&#x2212;</mml:mo><mml:mn>61.5</mml:mn><mml:mo stretchy="false">]</mml:mo></mml:math></inline-formula>), numbers of low acceleration (<inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM289"><mml:mspace width="thinmathspace" /><mml:mspace width="thinmathspace" /><mml:mrow><mml:mover><mml:mrow><mml:mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /><mml:mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /><mml:mi>&#x03C8;</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mo stretchy="false">&#x005E;</mml:mo></mml:mover></mml:mrow><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mo>&#x2212;</mml:mo><mml:mn>18.5</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula> <inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM290"><mml:mo stretchy="false">[</mml:mo><mml:mo>&#x2212;</mml:mo><mml:mn>25.4</mml:mn><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:mo>&#x2212;</mml:mo><mml:mn>11.6</mml:mn><mml:mo stretchy="false">]</mml:mo></mml:math></inline-formula>), time at high metabolic power zone (<inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM291"><mml:mspace width="thinmathspace" /><mml:mspace width="thinmathspace" /><mml:mrow><mml:mover><mml:mrow><mml:mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /><mml:mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /><mml:mi>&#x03C8;</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mo stretchy="false">&#x005E;</mml:mo></mml:mover></mml:mrow><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mo>&#x2212;</mml:mo><mml:mn>106.7</mml:mn><mml:mspace width="thinmathspace"/><mml:mo stretchy="false">[</mml:mo><mml:mo>&#x2212;</mml:mo><mml:mn>146.1</mml:mn><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:mo>&#x2212;</mml:mo><mml:mn>67.2</mml:mn><mml:mo stretchy="false">]</mml:mo></mml:math></inline-formula>), and jumps (<inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM292"><mml:mspace width="thinmathspace" /><mml:mspace width="thinmathspace" /><mml:mrow><mml:mover><mml:mrow><mml:mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /><mml:mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /><mml:mi>&#x03C8;</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mo stretchy="false">&#x005E;</mml:mo></mml:mover></mml:mrow><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mo>&#x2212;</mml:mo><mml:mn>17.9</mml:mn><mml:mspace width="thinmathspace"/><mml:mo stretchy="false">[</mml:mo><mml:mo>&#x2212;</mml:mo><mml:mn>24.2</mml:mn><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:mo>&#x2212;</mml:mo><mml:mn>11.7</mml:mn><mml:mo stretchy="false">]</mml:mo></mml:math></inline-formula>).</p>
<p>Compared to Team D, Team B had higher values for time at low speed (<inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM293"><mml:mspace width="thinmathspace" /><mml:mspace width="thinmathspace" /><mml:mrow><mml:mover><mml:mrow><mml:mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /><mml:mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /><mml:mi>&#x03C8;</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mo stretchy="false">&#x005E;</mml:mo></mml:mover></mml:mrow><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mn>311.4</mml:mn><mml:mspace width="thinmathspace"/><mml:mo stretchy="false">[</mml:mo><mml:mn>173.1</mml:mn><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:mn>449.6</mml:mn><mml:mo stretchy="false">]</mml:mo></mml:math></inline-formula>) and time at medium metabolic power (<inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM294"><mml:mspace width="thinmathspace" /><mml:mspace width="thinmathspace" /><mml:mrow><mml:mover><mml:mrow><mml:mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /><mml:mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /><mml:mi>&#x03C8;</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mo stretchy="false">&#x005E;</mml:mo></mml:mover></mml:mrow><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mn>242.8</mml:mn><mml:mspace width="thinmathspace"/><mml:mo stretchy="false">[</mml:mo><mml:mn>108.1</mml:mn><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:mn>377.5</mml:mn><mml:mo stretchy="false">]</mml:mo></mml:math></inline-formula>). Lower values were found for them for time at high (<inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM295"><mml:mspace width="thinmathspace" /><mml:mspace width="thinmathspace" /><mml:mrow><mml:mover><mml:mrow><mml:mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /><mml:mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /><mml:mi>&#x03C8;</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mo stretchy="false">&#x005E;</mml:mo></mml:mover></mml:mrow><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mo>&#x2212;</mml:mo><mml:mn>42.5</mml:mn><mml:mspace width="thinmathspace"/><mml:mo stretchy="false">[</mml:mo><mml:mo>&#x2212;</mml:mo><mml:mn>80.6</mml:mn><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:mo>&#x2212;</mml:mo><mml:mn>4.5</mml:mn><mml:mo stretchy="false">]</mml:mo></mml:math></inline-formula>) and very-low speed (<inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM296"><mml:mspace width="thinmathspace" /><mml:mspace width="thinmathspace" /><mml:mrow><mml:mover><mml:mrow><mml:mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /><mml:mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /><mml:mi>&#x03C8;</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mo stretchy="false">&#x005E;</mml:mo></mml:mover></mml:mrow><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mo>&#x2212;</mml:mo><mml:mn>300.5</mml:mn><mml:mspace width="thinmathspace"/><mml:mo stretchy="false">[</mml:mo><mml:mo>&#x2212;</mml:mo><mml:mn>471.1</mml:mn><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:mo>&#x2212;</mml:mo><mml:mn>129.9</mml:mn><mml:mo stretchy="false">]</mml:mo><mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo></mml:math></inline-formula>. Also, lower values were found in number of low acceleration (<inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM297"><mml:mspace width="thinmathspace" /><mml:mspace width="thinmathspace" /><mml:mrow><mml:mover><mml:mrow><mml:mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /><mml:mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /><mml:mi>&#x03C8;</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mo stretchy="false">&#x005E;</mml:mo></mml:mover></mml:mrow><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mo>&#x2212;</mml:mo><mml:mn>22.6</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula> <inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM298"><mml:mo stretchy="false">[</mml:mo><mml:mo>&#x2212;</mml:mo><mml:mn>30.5</mml:mn><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:mo>&#x2212;</mml:mo><mml:mn>14.7</mml:mn><mml:mo stretchy="false">]</mml:mo></mml:math></inline-formula>), time at high (<inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM299"><mml:mspace width="thinmathspace" /><mml:mspace width="thinmathspace" /><mml:mrow><mml:mover><mml:mrow><mml:mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /><mml:mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /><mml:mi>&#x03C8;</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mo stretchy="false">&#x005E;</mml:mo></mml:mover></mml:mrow><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mo>&#x2212;</mml:mo><mml:mn>93.3</mml:mn><mml:mspace width="thinmathspace"/><mml:mo stretchy="false">[</mml:mo><mml:mo>&#x2212;</mml:mo><mml:mn>131.5</mml:mn><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:mo>&#x2212;</mml:mo><mml:mn>55.2</mml:mn><mml:mo stretchy="false">]</mml:mo></mml:math></inline-formula>) and low metabolic power (<inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM300"><mml:mspace width="thinmathspace" /><mml:mspace width="thinmathspace" /><mml:mrow><mml:mover><mml:mrow><mml:mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /><mml:mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /><mml:mi>&#x03C8;</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mo stretchy="false">&#x005E;</mml:mo></mml:mover></mml:mrow><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mo>&#x2212;</mml:mo><mml:mn>324.5</mml:mn><mml:mspace width="thinmathspace"/><mml:mo stretchy="false">[</mml:mo><mml:mo>&#x2212;</mml:mo><mml:mn>490.5</mml:mn><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:mo>&#x2212;</mml:mo><mml:mn>158.5</mml:mn><mml:mo stretchy="false">]</mml:mo></mml:math></inline-formula>), jumps (<inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM301"><mml:mspace width="thinmathspace" /><mml:mspace width="thinmathspace" /><mml:mrow><mml:mover><mml:mrow><mml:mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /><mml:mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /><mml:mi>&#x03C8;</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mo stretchy="false">&#x005E;</mml:mo></mml:mover></mml:mrow><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mo>&#x2212;</mml:mo><mml:mn>26.7</mml:mn><mml:mspace width="thinmathspace"/><mml:mo stretchy="false">[</mml:mo><mml:mo>&#x2212;</mml:mo><mml:mn>33.8</mml:mn><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:mo>&#x2212;</mml:mo><mml:mn>19.5</mml:mn><mml:mo stretchy="false">]</mml:mo></mml:math></inline-formula>), and passes (<inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM302"><mml:mspace width="thinmathspace" /><mml:mspace width="thinmathspace" /><mml:mrow><mml:mover><mml:mrow><mml:mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /><mml:mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /><mml:mi>&#x03C8;</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mo stretchy="false">&#x005E;</mml:mo></mml:mover></mml:mrow><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mo>&#x2212;</mml:mo><mml:mn>63.3</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula> <inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM303"><mml:mo stretchy="false">[</mml:mo><mml:mo>&#x2212;</mml:mo><mml:mn>106.1</mml:mn><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:mo>&#x2212;</mml:mo><mml:mn>20.4</mml:mn><mml:mo stretchy="false">]</mml:mo></mml:math></inline-formula>).</p>
<p>Compared to Team D, Team C had higher values for time at high (<inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM304"><mml:mspace width="thinmathspace" /><mml:mspace width="thinmathspace" /><mml:mrow><mml:mover><mml:mrow><mml:mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /><mml:mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /><mml:mi>&#x03C8;</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mo stretchy="false">&#x005E;</mml:mo></mml:mover></mml:mrow><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mn>55.1</mml:mn><mml:mspace width="thinmathspace"/><mml:mo stretchy="false">[</mml:mo><mml:mn>16.8</mml:mn><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:mn>93.5</mml:mn><mml:mo stretchy="false">]</mml:mo></mml:math></inline-formula>) and low speed (<inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM305"><mml:mspace width="thinmathspace" /><mml:mspace width="thinmathspace" /><mml:mrow><mml:mover><mml:mrow><mml:mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /><mml:mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /><mml:mi>&#x03C8;</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mo stretchy="false">&#x005E;</mml:mo></mml:mover></mml:mrow><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mn>390.0</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula> <inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM306"><mml:mo stretchy="false">[</mml:mo><mml:mn>229.6</mml:mn><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:mn>550.5</mml:mn><mml:mo stretchy="false">]</mml:mo></mml:math></inline-formula>) and time at medium metabolic power (<inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM307"><mml:mspace width="thinmathspace" /><mml:mspace width="thinmathspace" /><mml:mrow><mml:mover><mml:mrow><mml:mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /><mml:mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /><mml:mi>&#x03C8;</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mo stretchy="false">&#x005E;</mml:mo></mml:mover></mml:mrow><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mn>373.8</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula> <inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM308"><mml:mo stretchy="false">[</mml:mo><mml:mn>217.5</mml:mn><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:mn>530.0</mml:mn><mml:mo stretchy="false">]</mml:mo></mml:math></inline-formula>). Lower values were found for them for time at very-low speed (<inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM309"><mml:mspace width="thinmathspace" /><mml:mspace width="thinmathspace" /><mml:mrow><mml:mover><mml:mrow><mml:mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /><mml:mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /><mml:mi>&#x03C8;</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mo stretchy="false">&#x005E;</mml:mo></mml:mover></mml:mrow><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mo>&#x2212;</mml:mo><mml:mn>552.9</mml:mn><mml:mspace width="thinmathspace"/><mml:mo stretchy="false">[</mml:mo><mml:mo>&#x2212;</mml:mo><mml:mn>719.9</mml:mn><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:mo>&#x2212;</mml:mo><mml:mn>385.7</mml:mn><mml:mo stretchy="false">]</mml:mo></mml:math></inline-formula>), time at low metabolic power (<inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM310"><mml:mspace width="thinmathspace" /><mml:mspace width="thinmathspace" /><mml:mrow><mml:mover><mml:mrow><mml:mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /><mml:mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /><mml:mi>&#x03C8;</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mo stretchy="false">&#x005E;</mml:mo></mml:mover></mml:mrow><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mo>&#x2212;</mml:mo><mml:mn>563.1</mml:mn><mml:mspace width="thinmathspace"/><mml:mo stretchy="false">[</mml:mo><mml:mo>&#x2212;</mml:mo><mml:mn>726.8</mml:mn><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:mo>&#x2212;</mml:mo><mml:mn>399.5</mml:mn><mml:mo stretchy="false">]</mml:mo></mml:math></inline-formula>), jumps (<inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM311"><mml:mspace width="thinmathspace" /><mml:mspace width="thinmathspace" /><mml:mrow><mml:mover><mml:mrow><mml:mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /><mml:mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /><mml:mi>&#x03C8;</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mo stretchy="false">&#x005E;</mml:mo></mml:mover></mml:mrow><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mo>&#x2212;</mml:mo><mml:mn>8.7</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula> <inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM312"><mml:mo stretchy="false">[</mml:mo><mml:mo>&#x2212;</mml:mo><mml:mn>16.1</mml:mn><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:mo>&#x2212;</mml:mo><mml:mn>1.3</mml:mn><mml:mo stretchy="false">]</mml:mo></mml:math></inline-formula>), and passes (<inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM313"><mml:mspace width="thinmathspace" /><mml:mspace width="thinmathspace" /><mml:mrow><mml:mover><mml:mrow><mml:mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /><mml:mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /><mml:mi>&#x03C8;</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mo stretchy="false">&#x005E;</mml:mo></mml:mover></mml:mrow><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mo>&#x2212;</mml:mo><mml:mn>71.4</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula> <inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM314"><mml:mo stretchy="false">[</mml:mo><mml:mo>&#x2212;</mml:mo><mml:mn>110.8</mml:mn><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:mo>&#x2212;</mml:mo><mml:mn>31.9</mml:mn><mml:mo stretchy="false">]</mml:mo></mml:math></inline-formula>).</p>
</sec>
<sec id="s3c"><label>3.3.</label><title>Effect of match outcome</title>
<p><xref ref-type="table" rid="T5">Table&#x00A0;5</xref> summarizes the effects of the match outcome on the physical match demands. There were medium and small effects ranging between <inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM315"><mml:mn>0.31</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x2264;</mml:mo><mml:mspace width="thinmathspace" /><mml:mspace width="thinmathspace" /><mml:mrow><mml:mover><mml:mrow><mml:mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /><mml:mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /><mml:mi>&#x03BE;</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mo stretchy="false">&#x005E;</mml:mo></mml:mover></mml:mrow><mml:mo>&#x2264;</mml:mo><mml:mn>0.36</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM316"><mml:mn>0.17</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x2264;</mml:mo><mml:mspace width="thinmathspace" /><mml:mspace width="thinmathspace" /><mml:mrow><mml:mover><mml:mrow><mml:mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /><mml:mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /><mml:mi>&#x03BE;</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mo stretchy="false">&#x005E;</mml:mo></mml:mover></mml:mrow><mml:mo>&#x2264;</mml:mo><mml:mn>0.27</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula>, respectively.</p>
<table-wrap id="T5" position="float"><label>Table 5</label>
<caption><p>Physical match demands of four LIQUI-MOLY Handball Bundesliga teams dependent on the match outcome (<italic>n</italic><sub>all</sub> matches: win &#x003D; 196, draw &#x003D; 28, lost &#x003D; 147; <italic>n</italic><sub>ball tracking</sub>: win &#x003D; 125, draw &#x003D; 17, lost &#x003D; 86). Values are expressed as trimmed means (trim &#x003D; 0.2) and corresponding standard deviation of summarized team performance with exception of variables representing a maximum, where the mean was used.</p></caption>
<table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
<colgroup>
<col align="left"/>
<col align="center"/>
<col align="center"/>
<col align="center"/>
<col align="center"/>
<col align="center"/>
<col align="center"/>
</colgroup>
<thead>
<tr>
<th valign="top" align="left">Variable</th>
<th valign="top" align="center">Win</th>
<th valign="top" align="center">Draw</th>
<th valign="top" align="center">Lost</th>
<th valign="top" align="center">Effect size</th>
<th valign="top" align="center">95&#x0025;CI effect size</th>
<th valign="top" align="center">Magnitude</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left">Playing time [s]</td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM326"><mml:mn>21</mml:mn><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:mn>324.1</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>266.6</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM327"><mml:mn>21</mml:mn><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:mn>287.9</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>277.7</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM328"><mml:mn>21</mml:mn><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:mn>371.9</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>267.8</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center">0.19</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">[0.06, 0.44]</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">Small</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left">Distance [m]</td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM329"><mml:mn>28</mml:mn><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:mn>572.2</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>1085.8</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM330"><mml:mn>28</mml:mn><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:mn>355.7</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>1364.3</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM331"><mml:mn>28</mml:mn><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:mn>626.0</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>1061.7</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center">0.20</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">[0.03, 0.44]</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">Small</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left">Max. speed [km/h]</td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM332"><mml:mn>23.9</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>0.7</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM333"><mml:mn>23.5</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>1</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM334"><mml:mn>23.9</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>0.8</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center">0.31</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">[0.08, 0.57]</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">Medium</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left">Time speed very high [s]</td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM335"><mml:mn>177.1</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>40.7</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM336"><mml:mn>155.7</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>40.1</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM337"><mml:mn>166.4</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>37.9</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center">0.27</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">[0.08, 0.52]</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">Small</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left">Time speed high [s]</td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM338"><mml:mn>926.7</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>106.0</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM339"><mml:mn>897.6</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>99.9</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM340"><mml:mn>916.0</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>106.7</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center">0.20</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">[0.03, 0.44]</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">Small</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left">Time speed medium [s]</td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM341"><mml:mn>1</mml:mn><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:mn>872.9</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>164.6</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM342"><mml:mn>1</mml:mn><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:mn>848.5</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>183.6</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM343"><mml:mn>1</mml:mn><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:mn>941.9</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>154.4</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center">0.33</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">[0.08, 0.55]</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">Medium</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left">Time speed low [s]</td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM344"><mml:mn>6</mml:mn><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:mn>038.3</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>538.1</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM345"><mml:mn>6</mml:mn><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:mn>141.9</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>389.2</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM346"><mml:mn>6</mml:mn><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:mn>015.7</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>390.8</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center">0.22</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">[0.03, 0.46]</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">Small</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left">Time speed very low [s]</td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM347"><mml:mn>12</mml:mn><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:mn>352.4</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>558.4</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM348"><mml:mn>12</mml:mn><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:mn>286.0</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>546.0</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM349"><mml:mn>12</mml:mn><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:mn>363.5</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>449.2</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center">0.19</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">[0.03, 0.39]</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">Small</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left">Max. acceleration [m/s<inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM350"><mml:msup><mml:mi></mml:mi><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msup></mml:math></inline-formula>]</td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM351"><mml:mn>3.4</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>0.1</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM352"><mml:mn>3.4</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>0.2</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM353"><mml:mn>3.4</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>0.1</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center">0.24</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">[0.06, 0.53]</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">Small</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left">Acceleration very high</td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM354"><mml:mn>33.0</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>10.8</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM355"><mml:mn>28.9</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>12.3</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM356"><mml:mn>30.8</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>10.6</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center">0.23</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">[0.07, 0.48]</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">Small</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left">Acceleration high</td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM357"><mml:mn>67.5</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>11.4</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM358"><mml:mn>65.6</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>8.5</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM359"><mml:mn>66.1</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>11.2</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center">0.17</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">[0.03, 0.41]</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">Small</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left">Acceleration medium</td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM360"><mml:mn>125.1</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>13.6</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM361"><mml:mn>126.6</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>16.5</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM362"><mml:mn>127.0</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>15.6</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center">0.18</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">[0.04, 0.38]</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">Small</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left">Acceleration low</td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM363"><mml:mn>166.1</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>18.1</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM364"><mml:mn>167.0</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>16.3</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM365"><mml:mn>175.9</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>19.4</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center">0.36</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">[0.13, 0.66]</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">Medium</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left">Max. deceleration [m/s<inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM366"><mml:msup><mml:mi></mml:mi><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msup></mml:math></inline-formula>]</td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM367"><mml:mo>&#x2212;</mml:mo><mml:mn>3.3</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>0.1</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM368"><mml:mo>&#x2212;</mml:mo><mml:mn>3.3</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>0.2</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM369"><mml:mo>&#x2212;</mml:mo><mml:mn>3.3</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>0.1</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center">0.19</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">[0.03, 0.40]</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">Small</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left">Deceleration very high</td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM370"><mml:mn>16.0</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>6.5</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM371"><mml:mn>14.7</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>6.8</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM372"><mml:mn>14.9</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>6.6</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center">0.19</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">[0.04, 0.47]</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">Small</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left">Deceleration high</td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM373"><mml:mn>38.9</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>8.8</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM374"><mml:mn>36.5</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>11.2</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM375"><mml:mn>37.1</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>10.0</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center">0.19</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">[0.05, 0.44]</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">Small</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left">Deceleration medium</td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM376"><mml:mn>90.9</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>12.3</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM377"><mml:mn>90.3</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>13.3</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM378"><mml:mn>92.6</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>15.6</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center">0.20</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">[0.04, 0.41]</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">Small</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left">Deceleration low</td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM379"><mml:mn>147.1</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>18.7</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM380"><mml:mn>145.1</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>18.5</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM381"><mml:mn>152.4</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>22.9</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center">0.21</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">[0.04, 0.42]</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">Small</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left">Max. metabolic power [W/kg]</td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM382"><mml:mn>64.6</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>4.5</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM383"><mml:mn>63.2</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>6.1</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM384"><mml:mn>64.4</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>6.1</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center">0.24</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">[0.05, 0.56]</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">Small</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left">Time metabolic power very high [s]</td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM385"><mml:mn>674.8</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>70.2</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM386"><mml:mn>647.6</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>70.4</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM387"><mml:mn>663.5</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>77.9</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center">0.26</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">[0.05, 0.45]</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">Small</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left">Time metabolic power high [s]</td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM388"><mml:mn>1</mml:mn><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:mn>079.7</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>120.0</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM389"><mml:mn>1</mml:mn><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:mn>058.7</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>116.4</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM390"><mml:mn>1</mml:mn><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:mn>104.4</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>105.8</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center">0.27</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">[0.05, 0.48]</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">Small</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left">Time metabolic power medium [s]</td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM391"><mml:mn>7</mml:mn><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:mn>002.2</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>484.0</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM392"><mml:mn>7</mml:mn><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:mn>081.0</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>475.0</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM393"><mml:mn>6</mml:mn><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:mn>990.0</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>362.4</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center">0.21</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">[0.03, 0.40]</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">Small</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left">Time metabolic power low [s]</td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM394"><mml:mn>12</mml:mn><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:mn>631.9</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>536.1</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM395"><mml:mn>12</mml:mn><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:mn>591.3</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>555.5</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM396"><mml:mn>12</mml:mn><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:mn>657.5</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>436.3</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center">0.19</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">[0.04, 0.41]</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">Small</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left">Accumulated acceleration load [a.u.]</td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM397"><mml:mn>3</mml:mn><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:mn>392.5</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>236.3</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM398"><mml:mn>3</mml:mn><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:mn>345.7</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>270.6</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM399"><mml:mn>3</mml:mn><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:mn>409.7</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>274.3</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center">0.18</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">[0.04, 0.43]</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">Small</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left">Impacts</td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM400"><mml:mn>104.7</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>21.8</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM401"><mml:mn>105.1</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>17.1</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM402"><mml:mn>99.2</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>21.9</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center">0.22</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">[0.06, 0.45]</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">Small</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left">Jumps</td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM403"><mml:mn>118.9</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>18.2</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM404"><mml:mn>114.1</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>22.6</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM405"><mml:mn>116.0</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>19.4</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center">0.19</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">[0.06, 0.43]</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">Small</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left">Passes</td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM406"><mml:mn>659.9</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>103.1</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM407"><mml:mn>711.1</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>68.9</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM408"><mml:mn>688.3</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>113.1</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center">0.34</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">[0.04, 0.57]</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">Medium</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left">Shots</td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM409"><mml:mn>52.2</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>8.2</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM410"><mml:mn>50.2</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>5.3</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM411"><mml:mn>49.4</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>8.1</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center">0.25</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">[0.03, 0.63]</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">Small</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table-wrap-foot>
<fn id="table-fn5"><p>Notes: CI, confidence interval.</p></fn>
</table-wrap-foot>
</table-wrap>
</sec>
<sec id="s3d"><label>3.4.</label><title>Effect of playing position</title>
<p><xref ref-type="table" rid="T6">Table&#x00A0;6</xref> shows the effects of the playing position on the physical match demands and the corresponding results from the ANOVA. There were large, medium, and small effects ranging between <inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM412"><mml:mn>0.64</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x2264;</mml:mo><mml:mspace width="thinmathspace" /><mml:mspace width="thinmathspace" /><mml:mrow><mml:mover><mml:mrow><mml:mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /><mml:mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /><mml:mi>&#x03BE;</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mo stretchy="false">&#x005E;</mml:mo></mml:mover></mml:mrow><mml:mo>&#x2264;</mml:mo><mml:mn>0.98</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula>, <inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM413"><mml:mn>0.30</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x2264;</mml:mo><mml:mrow><mml:mover><mml:mi>&#x03BE;</mml:mi><mml:mo stretchy="false">&#x005E;</mml:mo></mml:mover></mml:mrow><mml:mo>&#x2264;</mml:mo><mml:mn>0.48</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula>, and <inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM414"><mml:mn>0.22</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x2264;</mml:mo><mml:mspace width="thinmathspace" /><mml:mspace width="thinmathspace" /><mml:mrow><mml:mover><mml:mrow><mml:mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /><mml:mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /><mml:mi>&#x03BE;</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mo stretchy="false">&#x005E;</mml:mo></mml:mover></mml:mrow><mml:mo>&#x2264;</mml:mo><mml:mn>0.29</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula>, respectively. <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F2">Figure&#x00A0;2</xref> displays differences in the distribution of the variables and summarizes the results from post-hoc tests for all large effect sizes.</p>
<fig id="F2" position="float"><label>Figure 2</label>
<caption><p>Selected distributions of physical match demands from handball player of four LIQUI-MOLY Handball Bundesliga teams depending on the playing position. Pairwise comparisons were done on trimmed means. Variables were selected by large effects resulting from ANOVA on trimmed means. Variables without unit are presented as count.</p></caption>
<graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="fspor-05-1183881-g002.tif"/>
</fig>
<table-wrap id="T6" position="float"><label>Table 6</label>
<caption><p>Physical match demands of four LIQUI-MOLY Handball Bundesliga teams dependent on the playing position. Values are expressed as trimmed means (trim <inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM415"><mml:mo>=</mml:mo></mml:math></inline-formula> 0.2) and corresponding standard deviation.</p></caption>
<table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
<colgroup>
<col align="left"/>
<col align="center"/>
<col align="center"/>
<col align="center"/>
<col align="center"/>
<col align="center"/>
<col align="center"/>
</colgroup>
<thead>
<tr>
<th valign="top" align="left">Variable</th>
<th valign="top" align="center">Winger</th>
<th valign="top" align="center">Center</th>
<th valign="top" align="center">Pivot</th>
<th valign="top" align="center">Effect size</th>
<th valign="top" align="center">95&#x0025;CI effect size</th>
<th valign="top" align="center">Magnitude</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left">Playing time [s]</td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM416"><mml:mn>1</mml:mn><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:mn>784.5</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>1086.2</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM417"><mml:mn>1</mml:mn><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:mn>158.7</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>872.0</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM418"><mml:mn>1</mml:mn><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:mn>721.4</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>619.5</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center">0.38</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">[0.16, 0.67]</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">Medium</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left">Distance [m]</td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM419"><mml:mn>2</mml:mn><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:mn>384.6</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>1</mml:mn><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:mn>389.9</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM420"><mml:mn>1</mml:mn><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:mn>610.4</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>1</mml:mn><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:mn>162.0</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM421"><mml:mn>2</mml:mn><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:mn>182.7</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>782.0</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center">0.34</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">[0.09, 0.65]</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">Medium</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left">Max. speed [km/h]</td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM422"><mml:mn>26.8</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>2.1</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM423"><mml:mn>23.5</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>1.6</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM424"><mml:mn>23.6</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>1.2</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center">0.82</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">[0.59, 1.01]</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">Large</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left">Time speed very high [s]</td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM425"><mml:mn>34.7</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>19.7</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM426"><mml:mn>3.3</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>2.4</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM427"><mml:mn>4.2</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>2.9</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center">0.86</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">[0.69, 1.44]</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">Large</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left">Time speed high [s]</td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM428"><mml:mn>103.2</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>67.3</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM429"><mml:mn>40.4</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>27.3</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM430"><mml:mn>64.5</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>26.9</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center">0.72</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">[0.37, 1.01]</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">Large</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left">Time speed medium [s]</td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM431"><mml:mn>132.8</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>79.6</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM432"><mml:mn>116.4</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>86.4</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM433"><mml:mn>137.6</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>53.4</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center">0.22</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">[0.07, 0.46]</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">Small</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left">Time speed low [s]</td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM434"><mml:mn>398.4</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>247.2</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM435"><mml:mn>377.2</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>281.5</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM436"><mml:mn>471.8</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>175.8</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center">0.26</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">[0.06, 0.55]</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">Small</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left">Time speed very low [s]</td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM437"><mml:mn>1</mml:mn><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:mn>101.0</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>695.1</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM438"><mml:mn>625.7</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>492.7</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM439"><mml:mn>1</mml:mn><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:mn>029.8</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>393.6</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center">0.46</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">[0.21, 0.65]</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">Medium</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left">Max. acceleration [m/s<inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM440"><mml:msup><mml:mi></mml:mi><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msup></mml:math></inline-formula>]</td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM441"><mml:mn>3.9</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>0.3</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM442"><mml:mn>3.4</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>0.2</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM443"><mml:mn>3.4</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>0.3</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center">0.80</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">[0.55, 1.00]</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">Large</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left">Acceleration very high</td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM444"><mml:mn>6.6</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>4.7</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM445"><mml:mn>0.6</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>0.5</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM446"><mml:mn>0.6</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>0.6</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center">0.98</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">[0.71, 1.51]</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">Large</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left">Acceleration high</td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM447"><mml:mn>9.5</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>5.9</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM448"><mml:mn>2.5</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>1.6</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM449"><mml:mn>3.3</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>2.1</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center">0.80</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">[0.51, 1.15]</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">Large</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left">Acceleration medium</td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM450"><mml:mn>11.8</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>7.2</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM451"><mml:mn>6.4</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>4.2</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM452"><mml:mn>9.2</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>3.9</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center">0.48</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">[0.21, 0.78]</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">Medium</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left">Acceleration low</td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM453"><mml:mn>11.9</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>8.4</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM454"><mml:mn>10.3</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>7.2</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM455"><mml:mn>13.3</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>5.4</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center">0.27</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">[0.04, 0.53]</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">Small</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left">Max. deceleration [m/s<inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM456"><mml:msup><mml:mi></mml:mi><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msup></mml:math></inline-formula>]</td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM457"><mml:mo>&#x2212;</mml:mo><mml:mn>3.2</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>0.3</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM458"><mml:mo>&#x2212;</mml:mo><mml:mn>2.9</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>0.3</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM459"><mml:mo>&#x2212;</mml:mo><mml:mn>2.9</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>0.2</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center">0.64</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">[0.26, 0.89]</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">Large</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left">Deceleration very high</td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM460"><mml:mn>2.2</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>1.5</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM461"><mml:mn>0.7</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>0.6</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM462"><mml:mn>0.5</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>0.5</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center">0.77</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">[0.44, 1.01]</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">Large</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left">Deceleration high</td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM463"><mml:mn>4.2</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>2.5</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM464"><mml:mn>2.0</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>1.5</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM465"><mml:mn>1.8</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>1.1</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center">0.64</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">[0.24, 0.89]</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">Large</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left">Deceleration medium</td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM466"><mml:mn>7.7</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>4.4</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM467"><mml:mn>5.3</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>3.5</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM468"><mml:mn>5.8</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>2.7</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center">0.38</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">[0.09, 0.74]</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">Medium</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left">Deceleration low</td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM469"><mml:mn>11.3</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>7.0</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM470"><mml:mn>8.7</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>6.3</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM471"><mml:mn>11.3</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>4.9</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center">0.30</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">[0.06, 0.52]</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">Medium</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left">Max. metabolic power [W/kg]</td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM472"><mml:mn>82.0</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>10.9</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM473"><mml:mn>63.8</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>9.7</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM474"><mml:mn>61.2</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>8.9</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center">0.83</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">[0.65, 1.01]</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">Large</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left">Time metabolic power very high [s]</td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM475"><mml:mn>76.8</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>44.7</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM476"><mml:mn>30.6</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>19.5</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM477"><mml:mn>44.7</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>17.7</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center">0.70</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">[0.42, 1.00]</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">Large</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left">Time metabolic power high [s]</td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM478"><mml:mn>88.0</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>54.7</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM479"><mml:mn>61.6</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>46.1</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM480"><mml:mn>79.6</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>32.2</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center">0.32</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">[0.07, 0.62]</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">Medium</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left">Time metabolic power medium [s]</td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM481"><mml:mn>488.5</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>293.0</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM482"><mml:mn>429.1</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>318.1</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM483"><mml:mn>538.7</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>193.3</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center">0.28</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">[0.08, 0.62]</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">Small</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left">Time metabolic power low [s]</td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM484"><mml:mn>1</mml:mn><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:mn>120.8</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>705.7</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM485"><mml:mn>644.0</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>504.8</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM486"><mml:mn>1</mml:mn><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:mn>053.7</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>400.3</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center">0.44</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">[0.14, 0.74]</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">Medium</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left">Accumulated acceleration load [a.u.]</td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM487"><mml:mn>251.4</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>143.7</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM488"><mml:mn>194.0</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>135.6</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM489"><mml:mn>277.0</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>107.7</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center">0.30</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">[0.11, 0.54]</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">Medium</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left">Impacts</td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM490"><mml:mn>1.8</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>1.5</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM491"><mml:mn>8.2</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>6.3</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM492"><mml:mn>10.6</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>3.4</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center">0.67</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">[0.55, 0.75]</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">Large</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left">Jumps</td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM493"><mml:mn>4.6</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>3.5</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM494"><mml:mn>8.6</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>6.5</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM495"><mml:mn>6.5</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>3.6</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center">0.46</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">[0.14, 0.76]</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">Medium</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left">Passes</td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM496"><mml:mn>14.8</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>10.8</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM497"><mml:mn>55.9</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>51.4</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM498"><mml:mn>23.3</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>15.1</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center">0.89</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">[0.41, 1.18]</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">Large</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left">Shots</td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM499"><mml:mn>2.8</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>2.1</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM500"><mml:mn>3.1</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>2.9</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM501"><mml:mn>2.4</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>1.2</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center">0.29</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">[0.06, 0.50]</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">Small</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table-wrap-foot>
<fn id="table-fn6"><p>Notes: CI, confidence interval.</p></fn>
</table-wrap-foot>
</table-wrap>
<p>The mean differences of post-hoc test associated with <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F2">Figure&#x00A0;2</xref> show that compared to centers, wingers showed higher values for maximum running speed (<inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM502"><mml:mspace width="thinmathspace" /><mml:mspace width="thinmathspace" /><mml:mrow><mml:mover><mml:mrow><mml:mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /><mml:mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /><mml:mi>&#x03C8;</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mo stretchy="false">&#x005E;</mml:mo></mml:mover></mml:mrow><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mn>3.3</mml:mn><mml:mspace width="thinmathspace" /><mml:mo stretchy="false">[</mml:mo><mml:mn>2.0</mml:mn><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:mn>4.5</mml:mn><mml:mo stretchy="false">]</mml:mo></mml:math></inline-formula>), time at very-high (<inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM503"><mml:mspace width="thinmathspace" /><mml:mspace width="thinmathspace" /><mml:mrow><mml:mover><mml:mrow><mml:mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /><mml:mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /><mml:mi>&#x03C8;</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mo stretchy="false">&#x005E;</mml:mo></mml:mover></mml:mrow><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mn>31.4</mml:mn><mml:mspace width="thinmathspace"/><mml:mo stretchy="false">[</mml:mo><mml:mn>21.3</mml:mn><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:mn>41.5</mml:mn><mml:mo stretchy="false">]</mml:mo></mml:math></inline-formula>) and high speed (<inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM504"><mml:mspace width="thinmathspace" /><mml:mspace width="thinmathspace" /><mml:mrow><mml:mover><mml:mrow><mml:mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /><mml:mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /><mml:mi>&#x03C8;</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mo stretchy="false">&#x005E;</mml:mo></mml:mover></mml:mrow><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mn>62.7</mml:mn><mml:mspace width="thinmathspace"/><mml:mo stretchy="false">[</mml:mo><mml:mn>22.8</mml:mn><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:mn>102.7</mml:mn><mml:mo stretchy="false">]</mml:mo></mml:math></inline-formula>), maximum acceleration (<inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM505"><mml:mspace width="thinmathspace" /><mml:mspace width="thinmathspace" /><mml:mrow><mml:mover><mml:mrow><mml:mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /><mml:mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /><mml:mi>&#x03C8;</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mo stretchy="false">&#x005E;</mml:mo></mml:mover></mml:mrow><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mn>0.5</mml:mn><mml:mspace width="thinmathspace"/><mml:mo stretchy="false">[</mml:mo><mml:mn>0.4</mml:mn><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:mn>0.7</mml:mn><mml:mo stretchy="false">]</mml:mo></mml:math></inline-formula>), numbers of very-high (<inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM506"><mml:mspace width="thinmathspace" /><mml:mspace width="thinmathspace" /><mml:mrow><mml:mover><mml:mrow><mml:mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /><mml:mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /><mml:mi>&#x03C8;</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mo stretchy="false">&#x005E;</mml:mo></mml:mover></mml:mrow><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mn>6.1</mml:mn><mml:mspace width="thinmathspace"/><mml:mo stretchy="false">[</mml:mo><mml:mn>3.5</mml:mn><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:mn>8.7</mml:mn><mml:mo stretchy="false">]</mml:mo></mml:math></inline-formula>) and high acceleration (<inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM507"><mml:mspace width="thinmathspace" /><mml:mspace width="thinmathspace" /><mml:mrow><mml:mover><mml:mrow><mml:mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /><mml:mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /><mml:mi>&#x03C8;</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mo stretchy="false">&#x005E;</mml:mo></mml:mover></mml:mrow><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mn>7.1</mml:mn><mml:mspace width="thinmathspace"/><mml:mo stretchy="false">[</mml:mo><mml:mn>3.7</mml:mn><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:mn>10.4</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula>]), maximum deceleration (<inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM508"><mml:mspace width="thinmathspace" /><mml:mspace width="thinmathspace" /><mml:mrow><mml:mover><mml:mrow><mml:mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /><mml:mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /><mml:mi>&#x03C8;</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mo stretchy="false">&#x005E;</mml:mo></mml:mover></mml:mrow><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mo>&#x2212;</mml:mo><mml:mn>0.3</mml:mn><mml:mspace width="thinmathspace"/><mml:mo stretchy="false">[</mml:mo><mml:mo>&#x2212;</mml:mo><mml:mn>0.5</mml:mn><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:mo>&#x2212;</mml:mo><mml:mn>0.1</mml:mn><mml:mo stretchy="false">]</mml:mo></mml:math></inline-formula>), and numbers of very-high (<inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM509"><mml:mspace width="thinmathspace" /><mml:mspace width="thinmathspace" /><mml:mrow><mml:mover><mml:mrow><mml:mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /><mml:mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /><mml:mi>&#x03C8;</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mo stretchy="false">&#x005E;</mml:mo></mml:mover></mml:mrow><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mn>1.5</mml:mn><mml:mspace width="thinmathspace"/><mml:mo stretchy="false">[</mml:mo><mml:mn>0.7</mml:mn><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:mn>2.3</mml:mn><mml:mo stretchy="false">]</mml:mo></mml:math></inline-formula>) and high deceleration (<inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM510"><mml:mspace width="thinmathspace" /><mml:mspace width="thinmathspace" /><mml:mrow><mml:mover><mml:mrow><mml:mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /><mml:mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /><mml:mi>&#x03C8;</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mo stretchy="false">&#x005E;</mml:mo></mml:mover></mml:mrow><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mn>2.3</mml:mn><mml:mspace width="thinmathspace"/><mml:mo stretchy="false">[</mml:mo><mml:mn>0.8</mml:mn><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:mn>3.7</mml:mn><mml:mo stretchy="false">]</mml:mo></mml:math></inline-formula>). Additionally, wingers had higher values for maximum (<inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM511"><mml:mspace width="thinmathspace" /><mml:mspace width="thinmathspace" /><mml:mrow><mml:mover><mml:mrow><mml:mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /><mml:mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /><mml:mi>&#x03C8;</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mo stretchy="false">&#x005E;</mml:mo></mml:mover></mml:mrow><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mn>18.2</mml:mn><mml:mspace width="thinmathspace"/><mml:mo stretchy="false">[</mml:mo><mml:mn>12.1</mml:mn><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:mn>24.3</mml:mn><mml:mo stretchy="false">]</mml:mo></mml:math></inline-formula>) and time at very-high metabolic power (<inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM512"><mml:mspace width="thinmathspace" /><mml:mspace width="thinmathspace" /><mml:mrow><mml:mover><mml:mrow><mml:mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /><mml:mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /><mml:mi>&#x03C8;</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mo stretchy="false">&#x005E;</mml:mo></mml:mover></mml:mrow><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mn>46.2</mml:mn><mml:mspace width="thinmathspace"/><mml:mo stretchy="false">[</mml:mo><mml:mn>20.0</mml:mn><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:mn>72.4</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula>]. Also, lower values were found for them for numbers of impacts (<inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM513"><mml:mspace width="thinmathspace" /><mml:mspace width="thinmathspace" /><mml:mrow><mml:mover><mml:mrow><mml:mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /><mml:mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /><mml:mi>&#x03C8;</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mo stretchy="false">&#x005E;</mml:mo></mml:mover></mml:mrow><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mo>&#x2212;</mml:mo><mml:mn>6.3</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula> <inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM514"><mml:mo stretchy="false">[</mml:mo><mml:mo>&#x2212;</mml:mo><mml:mn>8.5</mml:mn><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:mo>&#x2212;</mml:mo><mml:mn>4.2</mml:mn><mml:mo stretchy="false">]</mml:mo></mml:math></inline-formula>) and passes <inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM515"><mml:mspace width="thinmathspace" /><mml:mspace width="thinmathspace" /><mml:mrow><mml:mover><mml:mrow><mml:mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /><mml:mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /><mml:mi>&#x03C8;</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mo stretchy="false">&#x005E;</mml:mo></mml:mover></mml:mrow><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mo>&#x2212;</mml:mo><mml:mn>41.1</mml:mn><mml:mspace width="thinmathspace"/><mml:mo stretchy="false">[</mml:mo><mml:mo>&#x2212;</mml:mo><mml:mn>60.4</mml:mn><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:mo>&#x2212;</mml:mo><mml:mn>21.7</mml:mn><mml:mo stretchy="false">]</mml:mo></mml:math></inline-formula>).</p>
<p>Compared to pivots, wingers had higher values for maximum running speed (<inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM516"><mml:mspace width="thinmathspace" /><mml:mspace width="thinmathspace" /><mml:mrow><mml:mover><mml:mrow><mml:mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /><mml:mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /><mml:mi>&#x03C8;</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mo stretchy="false">&#x005E;</mml:mo></mml:mover></mml:mrow><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mn>3.3</mml:mn><mml:mspace width="thinmathspace"/><mml:mo stretchy="false">[</mml:mo><mml:mn>1.9</mml:mn><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:mn>4.6</mml:mn><mml:mo stretchy="false">]</mml:mo></mml:math></inline-formula>), time at very-high (<inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM517"><mml:mspace width="thinmathspace" /><mml:mspace width="thinmathspace" /><mml:mrow><mml:mover><mml:mrow><mml:mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /><mml:mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /><mml:mi>&#x03C8;</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mo stretchy="false">&#x005E;</mml:mo></mml:mover></mml:mrow><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mn>30.5</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula> <inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM518"><mml:mo stretchy="false">[</mml:mo><mml:mn>20.3</mml:mn><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:mn>40.7</mml:mn><mml:mo stretchy="false">]</mml:mo></mml:math></inline-formula>) and maximum acceleration (<inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM519"><mml:mspace width="thinmathspace" /><mml:mspace width="thinmathspace" /><mml:mrow><mml:mover><mml:mrow><mml:mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /><mml:mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /><mml:mi>&#x03C8;</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mo stretchy="false">&#x005E;</mml:mo></mml:mover></mml:mrow><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mn>0.52</mml:mn><mml:mspace width="thinmathspace"/><mml:mo stretchy="false">[</mml:mo><mml:mn>0.3</mml:mn><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:mn>0.7</mml:mn><mml:mo stretchy="false">]</mml:mo></mml:math></inline-formula>), numbers of very-high (<inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM520"><mml:mspace width="thinmathspace" /><mml:mspace width="thinmathspace" /><mml:mrow><mml:mover><mml:mrow><mml:mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /><mml:mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /><mml:mi>&#x03C8;</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mo stretchy="false">&#x005E;</mml:mo></mml:mover></mml:mrow><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mn>6.0</mml:mn><mml:mspace width="thinmathspace"/><mml:mo stretchy="false">[</mml:mo><mml:mn>3.4</mml:mn><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:mn>8.6</mml:mn><mml:mo stretchy="false">]</mml:mo></mml:math></inline-formula>) and high acceleration (<inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM521"><mml:mspace width="thinmathspace" /><mml:mspace width="thinmathspace" /><mml:mrow><mml:mover><mml:mrow><mml:mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /><mml:mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /><mml:mi>&#x03C8;</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mo stretchy="false">&#x005E;</mml:mo></mml:mover></mml:mrow><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mn>6.3</mml:mn><mml:mspace width="thinmathspace"/><mml:mo stretchy="false">[</mml:mo><mml:mn>2.8</mml:mn><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:mn>9.8</mml:mn><mml:mo stretchy="false">]</mml:mo></mml:math></inline-formula>), maximum deceleration (<inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM522"><mml:mspace width="thinmathspace" /><mml:mspace width="thinmathspace" /><mml:mrow><mml:mover><mml:mrow><mml:mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /><mml:mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /><mml:mi>&#x03C8;</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mo stretchy="false">&#x005E;</mml:mo></mml:mover></mml:mrow><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mo>&#x2212;</mml:mo><mml:mn>0.37</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula> <inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM523"><mml:mo stretchy="false">[</mml:mo><mml:mo>&#x2212;</mml:mo><mml:mn>0.6</mml:mn><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:mo>&#x2212;</mml:mo><mml:mn>0.2</mml:mn><mml:mo stretchy="false">]</mml:mo></mml:math></inline-formula>), and numbers of very-high (<inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM524"><mml:mspace width="thinmathspace" /><mml:mspace width="thinmathspace" /><mml:mrow><mml:mover><mml:mrow><mml:mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /><mml:mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /><mml:mi>&#x03C8;</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mo stretchy="false">&#x005E;</mml:mo></mml:mover></mml:mrow><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mn>1.7</mml:mn><mml:mspace width="thinmathspace"/><mml:mo stretchy="false">[</mml:mo><mml:mn>0.9</mml:mn><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:mn>2.6</mml:mn><mml:mo stretchy="false">]</mml:mo></mml:math></inline-formula>) and high deceleration (<inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM525"><mml:mspace width="thinmathspace" /><mml:mspace width="thinmathspace" /><mml:mrow><mml:mover><mml:mrow><mml:mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /><mml:mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /><mml:mi>&#x03C8;</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mo stretchy="false">&#x005E;</mml:mo></mml:mover></mml:mrow><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mn>2.4</mml:mn><mml:mspace width="thinmathspace"/><mml:mo stretchy="false">[</mml:mo><mml:mn>0.9</mml:mn><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:mn>3.9</mml:mn><mml:mo stretchy="false">]</mml:mo></mml:math></inline-formula>). Also, wingers had higher values for maximum metabolic power (<inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM526"><mml:mspace width="thinmathspace" /><mml:mspace width="thinmathspace" /><mml:mrow><mml:mover><mml:mrow><mml:mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /><mml:mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /><mml:mi>&#x03C8;</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mo stretchy="false">&#x005E;</mml:mo></mml:mover></mml:mrow><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mn>20.8</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula> <inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM527"><mml:mo stretchy="false">[</mml:mo><mml:mn>12.8</mml:mn><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:mn>28.9</mml:mn><mml:mo stretchy="false">]</mml:mo></mml:math></inline-formula>) and time at very-high metabolic power (<inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM528"><mml:mspace width="thinmathspace" /><mml:mspace width="thinmathspace" /><mml:mrow><mml:mover><mml:mrow><mml:mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /><mml:mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /><mml:mi>&#x03C8;</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mo stretchy="false">&#x005E;</mml:mo></mml:mover></mml:mrow><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mn>32.1</mml:mn><mml:mspace width="thinmathspace"/><mml:mo stretchy="false">[</mml:mo><mml:mn>4.3</mml:mn><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:mn>59.9</mml:mn><mml:mo stretchy="false">]</mml:mo></mml:math></inline-formula>). Furthermore, lower values were detected for them regarding numbers of impacts (<inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM529"><mml:mspace width="thinmathspace" /><mml:mspace width="thinmathspace" /><mml:mrow><mml:mover><mml:mrow><mml:mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /><mml:mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /><mml:mi>&#x03C8;</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mo stretchy="false">&#x005E;</mml:mo></mml:mover></mml:mrow><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mo>&#x2212;</mml:mo><mml:mn>8.7</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula> <inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM530"><mml:mo stretchy="false">[</mml:mo><mml:mo>&#x2212;</mml:mo><mml:mn>12.3</mml:mn><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:mo>&#x2212;</mml:mo><mml:mn>5.1</mml:mn><mml:mo stretchy="false">]</mml:mo></mml:math></inline-formula>).</p>
<p>Related to pivots, centers had higher values for passes <inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM531"><mml:mspace width="thinmathspace" /><mml:mspace width="thinmathspace" /><mml:mrow><mml:mover><mml:mrow><mml:mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /><mml:mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /><mml:mi>&#x03C8;</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mo stretchy="false">&#x005E;</mml:mo></mml:mover></mml:mrow><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mn>32.6</mml:mn><mml:mspace width="thinmathspace"/><mml:mo stretchy="false">[</mml:mo><mml:mn>11.8</mml:mn><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:mn>53.4</mml:mn><mml:mo stretchy="false">]</mml:mo></mml:math></inline-formula>) and lower for time at high speed (<inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM532"><mml:mspace width="thinmathspace" /><mml:mspace width="thinmathspace" /><mml:mrow><mml:mover><mml:mrow><mml:mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /><mml:mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /><mml:mi>&#x03C8;</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mo stretchy="false">&#x005E;</mml:mo></mml:mover></mml:mrow><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mo>&#x2212;</mml:mo><mml:mn>24.1</mml:mn><mml:mspace width="thinmathspace"/><mml:mo stretchy="false">[</mml:mo><mml:mo>&#x2212;</mml:mo><mml:mn>41.3</mml:mn><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:mo>&#x2212;</mml:mo><mml:mn>6.9</mml:mn><mml:mo stretchy="false">]</mml:mo></mml:math></inline-formula>).</p>
</sec>
<sec id="s3e"><label>3.5.</label><title>Effect of halftime</title>
<p><xref ref-type="table" rid="T7">Table&#x00A0;7</xref> shows the effects of the halftime on the physical match demands. Medium and small effects were observed ranging between <inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM533"><mml:mn>0.37</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x2264;</mml:mo><mml:mspace width="thinmathspace" /><mml:mspace width="thinmathspace" /><mml:mrow><mml:mover><mml:mrow><mml:mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /><mml:mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /><mml:mi>&#x03BE;</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mo stretchy="false">&#x005E;</mml:mo></mml:mover></mml:mrow><mml:mo>&#x2264;</mml:mo><mml:mn>0.47</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM534"><mml:mn>0.00</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x2264;</mml:mo><mml:mspace width="thinmathspace" /><mml:mspace width="thinmathspace" /><mml:mrow><mml:mover><mml:mrow><mml:mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /><mml:mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /><mml:mi>&#x03BE;</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mo stretchy="false">&#x005E;</mml:mo></mml:mover></mml:mrow><mml:mo>&#x2264;</mml:mo><mml:mn>0.27</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula>, respectively.</p>
<table-wrap id="T7" position="float"><label>Table 7</label>
<caption><p>Physical match demands of four LIQUI-MOLY Handball Bundesliga teams dependent on the halftime. Values are expressed as trimmed means (trim <inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM535"><mml:mo>=</mml:mo></mml:math></inline-formula> 0.2) and corresponding standard deviation of summarized team performance with exception of variables representing a maximum, where the mean was used.</p></caption>
<table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
<colgroup>
<col align="left"/>
<col align="center"/>
<col align="center"/>
<col align="center"/>
<col align="center"/>
<col align="center"/>
</colgroup>
<thead>
<tr>
<th valign="top" align="left">Variable</th>
<th valign="top" align="center">1.HT</th>
<th valign="top" align="center">2.HT</th>
<th valign="top" align="center">95&#x0025;CI mean diff</th>
<th valign="top" align="center">Effect size</th>
<th valign="top" align="center">Magnitude</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left">Playing time [s]</td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM536"><mml:mn>10</mml:mn><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:mn>679.2</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>147.0</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM537"><mml:mn>10</mml:mn><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:mn>678.7</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>160.5</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center">[<inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM538"><mml:mo>&#x2212;</mml:mo></mml:math></inline-formula>19.95, 20.92]</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">0.00</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">Small</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left">Distance [m]</td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM539"><mml:mn>14</mml:mn><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:mn>315.1</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>684.5</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM540"><mml:mn>14</mml:mn><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:mn>281.8</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>649.6</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center">[<inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM541"><mml:mo>&#x2212;</mml:mo></mml:math></inline-formula>50.98, 117.65]</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">0.04</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">Small</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left">Max. speed [km/h]</td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM542"><mml:mn>24.1</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>0.9</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM543"><mml:mn>23.9</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>0.9</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center">[0.09, 0.35]</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">0.17</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">Small</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left">Time speed very high [s]</td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM544"><mml:mn>92.1</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>23.8</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM545"><mml:mn>78.6</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>23.5</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center">[10.66, 16.38]</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">0.38</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">Medium</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left">Time speed high [s]</td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM546"><mml:mn>482.8</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>66.0</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM547"><mml:mn>435.7</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>63.9</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center">[38.87, 55.37]</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">0.47</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">Medium</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left">Time speed medium [s]</td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM548"><mml:mn>945.2</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>95.4</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM549"><mml:mn>952.9</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>112.2</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center">[<inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM550"><mml:mo>&#x2212;</mml:mo></mml:math></inline-formula>20.91, 5.49]</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">0.05</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">Small</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left">Time speed low [s]</td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM551"><mml:mn>2</mml:mn><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:mn>947.4</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>249.9</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM552"><mml:mn>3</mml:mn><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:mn>093.1</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>287.4</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center">[<inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM553"><mml:mo>&#x2212;</mml:mo></mml:math></inline-formula>176.32, <inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM554"><mml:mo>&#x2212;</mml:mo></mml:math></inline-formula>115.14]</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">0.37</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">Medium</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left">Time speed very low [s]</td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM555"><mml:mn>6</mml:mn><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:mn>237.9</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>302.7</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM556"><mml:mn>6</mml:mn><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:mn>128.3</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>322.1</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center">[69.22, 149.85]</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">0.25</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">Small</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left">Max. acceleration [m/s<inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM557"><mml:msup><mml:mi></mml:mi><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msup></mml:math></inline-formula>]</td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM558"><mml:mn>3.4</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>0.2</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM559"><mml:mn>3.4</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>0.2</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center">[0.01, 0.05]</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">0.12</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">Small</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left">Acceleration very high</td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM560"><mml:mn>16.7</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>6.8</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM561"><mml:mn>15.0</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>6.5</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center">[0.97, 2.43]</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">0.20</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">Small</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left">Acceleration high</td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM562"><mml:mn>34.5</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>7.4</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM563"><mml:mn>32.0</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>7.7</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center">[1.51, 3.49]</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">0.23</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">Small</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left">Acceleration medium</td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM564"><mml:mn>64.4</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>9.7</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM565"><mml:mn>61.1</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>9.6</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center">[1.93, 4.70]</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">0.24</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">Small</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left">Acceleration low</td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM566"><mml:mn>86.0</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>12.4</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM567"><mml:mn>84.1</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>12.7</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center">[0.24, 3.51]</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">0.11</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">Small</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left">Max. deceleration [m/s<inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM568"><mml:msup><mml:mi></mml:mi><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msup></mml:math></inline-formula>]</td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM569"><mml:mo>&#x2212;</mml:mo><mml:mn>3.3</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>0.2</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM570"><mml:mo>&#x2212;</mml:mo><mml:mn>3.3</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>0.2</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center">[<inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM571"><mml:mo>&#x2212;</mml:mo></mml:math></inline-formula>0.08, <inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM572"><mml:mo>&#x2212;</mml:mo></mml:math></inline-formula>0.02]</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">0.19</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">Small</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left">Deceleration very high</td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM573"><mml:mn>7.8</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>4.6</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM574"><mml:mn>7.3</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>3.8</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center">[<inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM575"><mml:mo>&#x2212;</mml:mo></mml:math></inline-formula>0.13, 1.13]</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">0.08</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">Small</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left">Deceleration high</td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM576"><mml:mn>19.9</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>6.0</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM577"><mml:mn>17.7</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>6.0</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center">[1.44, 3.07]</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">0.27</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">Small</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left">Deceleration medium</td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM578"><mml:mn>47.0</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>9.0</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM579"><mml:mn>44.1</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>9.3</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center">[1.63, 4.22]</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">0.23</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">Small</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left">Deceleration low</td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM580"><mml:mn>77.0</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>13.2</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM581"><mml:mn>72.0</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>11.8</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center">[3.38, 6.79]</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">0.27</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">Small</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left">Max. metabolic power [W/kg]</td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM582"><mml:mn>64.9</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>5.7</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM583"><mml:mn>64.3</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>6.1</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center">[<inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM584"><mml:mo>&#x2212;</mml:mo></mml:math></inline-formula>0.14, 1.28]</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">0.07</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">Small</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left">Time metabolic power very high [s]</td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM585"><mml:mn>349.2</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>48.4</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM586"><mml:mn>318.4</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>40.1</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center">[25.25, 36.31]</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">0.47</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">Medium</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left">Time metabolic power high [s]</td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM587"><mml:mn>553.2</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>67.9</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM588"><mml:mn>535.9</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>70.0</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center">[8.95, 25.63]</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">0.17</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">Small</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left">Time metabolic power medium [s]</td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM589"><mml:mn>3</mml:mn><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:mn>433.0</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>229.6</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM590"><mml:mn>3</mml:mn><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:mn>568.1</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>266.4</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center">[<inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM591"><mml:mo>&#x2212;</mml:mo></mml:math></inline-formula>163.64, <inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM592"><mml:mo>&#x2212;</mml:mo></mml:math></inline-formula>106.62]</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">0.38</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">Medium</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left">Time metabolic power low [s]</td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM593"><mml:mn>6</mml:mn><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:mn>375.6</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>290.2</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM594"><mml:mn>6</mml:mn><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:mn>277.6</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>316.8</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center">[58.85, 137.14]</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">0.23</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">Small</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left">Accumulated acceleration load [a.u.]</td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM595"><mml:mn>1</mml:mn><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:mn>691.9</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>138.7</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM596"><mml:mn>1</mml:mn><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:mn>697.1</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>136.8</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center">[<inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM597"><mml:mo>&#x2212;</mml:mo></mml:math></inline-formula>15.5, 5.16]</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">0.02</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">Small</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left">Impacts</td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM598"><mml:mn>52.7</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>12.1</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM599"><mml:mn>50.1</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>12.7</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center">[1.28, 3.93]</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">0.15</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">Small</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left">Jumps</td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM600"><mml:mn>57.9</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>10.9</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM601"><mml:mn>59.6</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>10.6</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center">[<inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM602"><mml:mo>&#x2212;</mml:mo></mml:math></inline-formula>2.81, <inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM603"><mml:mo>&#x2212;</mml:mo></mml:math></inline-formula>0.43]</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">0.11</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">Small</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left">Passes</td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM604"><mml:mn>332.3</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>55.5</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM605"><mml:mn>343.8</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>61.4</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center">[<inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM606"><mml:mo>&#x2212;</mml:mo></mml:math></inline-formula>20.97, <inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM607"><mml:mo>&#x2212;</mml:mo></mml:math></inline-formula>1.98]</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">0.14</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">Small</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left">Shots</td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM608"><mml:mn>25.4</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>4.4</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM609"><mml:mn>26.0</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00B1;</mml:mo><mml:mn>4.6</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula></td>
<td valign="top" align="center">[<inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="IM610"><mml:mo>&#x2212;</mml:mo></mml:math></inline-formula>1.33, 0.16]</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">0.09</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">Small</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table-wrap-foot>
<fn id="table-fn7"><p>CI, confidence interval.</p></fn>
</table-wrap-foot>
</table-wrap>
</sec>
</sec>
<sec id="s4" sec-type="discussion"><label>4.</label><title>Discussion</title>
<p>The aim of this study was to investigate the physical match demands of four LIQUI-MOLY Handball-Bundesliga teams across three seasons with respect to the effects of season, team, match outcome, playing position, and halftime. Our main findings show that there were up to large effects concerning the (i) season, (ii) team, and (iii) playing position. Up to medium effects were evident concerning the (iv) match outcome and (v) halftime.</p>
<p>The first main finding was that there were up to large effects concerning the season (<xref ref-type="table" rid="T3">Table&#x00A0;3</xref>). In fact, there was a large increase in the accumulated acceleration load from the season 2019/2020 to both consecutive seasons and an increase in maximum metabolic power in season 2021/2022. Our findings support the assumption that the match demands have increased in top-level team handball (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref>) and provide, for the first time, quantitative evidence for such a progress. Due to the calculation of the accumulated acceleration load as an overall acceleration-based metric (<xref ref-type="table" rid="T1">Table&#x00A0;1</xref>), its large effect may be caused by the medium differences observed in the playing time and time spent at very-high metabolic power as well as number of impacts and jumps (<xref ref-type="table" rid="T3">Table&#x00A0;3</xref>). In that context, one explanation for the lower accumulated acceleration load in 2019/2020 is that, during Covid-19 pandemic, players have dropped out and player rotation strategies may have changed, which could both influence the team performance. A further interesting observation was that the reduced number of matches played in the season 2019/2020 (<xref ref-type="table" rid="T3">Table&#x00A0;3</xref>) caused by the pandemic had no negative physical impact on the following seasons. Comparable results are reported concerning instructed home-based strength and endurance program in team handball players (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B34">34</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B35">35</xref>). Taken overall, the results suggest that top-level team handball has changed into a more dynamic team sport. However, more longitudinal studies are needed to clarify our observations.</p>
<p>In team handball, the success, expressed by the match outcome, is determined by multiple factors (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>). In this context, we discuss the effects of team and match outcome together. We found up to large and medium effects concerning the team (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F1">Figure&#x00A0;1</xref> and <xref ref-type="table" rid="T1">Table&#x00A0;1</xref>) and match outcome (<xref ref-type="table" rid="T5">Table&#x00A0;5</xref>), respectively. While previous studies reported no differences in physical match demands between top- and lower-ranked or winning and losing teams (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref>), another study showed that on the European Championship 2020 and World Championships Qatar 2015 the winning teams conducted more metabolic power associated running activities compared to losing teams (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref>). With respect to high-intensity activities, our outcomes support those of (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref>), namely that the higher-ranked team (Team A) spent more time at high-speed and high metabolic power, whereas they executed a smaller number of jumps and passes (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F1">Figure&#x00A0;1</xref> and <xref ref-type="table" rid="T4">Table&#x00A0;4</xref>) compared to the lower ranked teams (Team B, C, and D). In this context, winning teams perform less passes than drawing teams, but do not differ in terms of high-intensity running actions (<xref ref-type="table" rid="T5">Table&#x00A0;5</xref>). These findings may provide a new perspective of the influence of physical match demands on success in top-level team handball. It can be hypothesized that all the players are physically well developed (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref>) and technical-tactical actions are more important to win a match at this top-level. In conclusion, our data suggest that the running related physical match demands alone are not suitable to explain the match outcomes in top-level team handball. Thus, more studies that consider the technical-tactical context to explain the success are needed.</p>
<p>The third main finding was that small to large effects of playing position on physical match demands were present (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F2">Figure&#x00A0;2</xref> and <xref ref-type="table" rid="T6">Table&#x00A0;6</xref>). Concretely, wingers showed the highest amount of high-intensity runs, pivots received the most impacts, and center throwed the most passes (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F2">Figure&#x00A0;2</xref> and <xref ref-type="table" rid="T6">Table&#x00A0;6</xref>). These findings are consistent with those from previous studies (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16">16</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B36">36</xref>), showing that pivots cover the shortest distance at sprinting, but still operate at high-intensity due to high number of impacts (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B36">36</xref>). In contrast, wingers show the lowest number of impacts (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref>) and perform together with center backs the greatest amount of high-intensity runs (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16">16</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B35">35</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B36">36</xref>). Additionally, backs are characterized by a substantially higher number of passes and shots (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref>). One well-accepted explanation for the differences is related to the different technical-tactical roles of the playing positions (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref>). Wingers cover longer distances back in the defense compared to center and pivots, and are the favored pass recipient in fast break situations in offensive situations. Our results underline the high-speed running and acceleration capacities of wingers and the high passing demands of center players (<xref ref-type="table" rid="T6">Table&#x00A0;6</xref>). Future studies should examine how these results could be successfully transferred into position-specific training. In summary, existing position differences in physical match demands indicate that there are highly specific position roles in top-level team handball.</p>
<p>The last main finding was that there are up to medium effects of the halftime on physical match demands (<xref ref-type="table" rid="T7">Table&#x00A0;7</xref>). In detail, time spent at very-high speed and very-high metabolic power decreased from first to second half. These findings are in line with those from previous studies, which investigate differences between halftimes during matches in men&#x2019;s Portuguese and Danish top-level handball leagues (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18">18</xref>). These previous studies show that physical match demands, which are related to high-intensity movements such as fast-running (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref>) or one-on-one situations (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref>), are decreasing from the first to the second half. Also, studies show that fatigue may occurs in certain phases of a match, mainly towards the end of the halftimes (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18">18</xref>). Furthermore, recent studies show position-specific fatigue effects (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16">16</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B37">37</xref>). Explanations for lower high intensity running activities in the second half in our study may be related to the scoreline and subsequent tactical changes (e.g., formation and player rotation) or individual fatigue. However, it is noteworthy that fatigue can be caused by numerous central and peripheral factors (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B38">38</xref>), which remained unknown in observational studies as conducted here. For the clarification, if differences in high-intensity actions between halftimes are caused by fatigue, additional standardized maximal muscular tests combined with electrophysiological measures are needed (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B38">38</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B39">39</xref>). In summary, high-intensity running activities are lower in the second compared to the first half. The underlining technical-tactical or physiological causes remained unknown and need further studies.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="s5"><label>5.</label><title>Limitations</title>
<p>There are a few limitations, which should be mentioned. Normalizing the data to playing time concerning position differences might lead to different results (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref>). However, we decided to stay close to the raw values, because we could not consider offense and defense match segments. Also, we decided to use an ordinal scale for the match outcome. Reducing success to an ordinal scale may have led to a loss of information. Our decision based on the fact that a basic descriptive analysis, as conducted here, is the first step before building more complex models. Furthermore, studies indicate that the metabolic power model by Osgnach et al. (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19">19</xref>) could underestimate the true energy expenditure (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B40">40</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B41">41</xref>), which could lead to misinterpretations. At least deep insights into the calculation methods of certain variables (e.g., jumps, shots, passes, and impacts) could not be reported due to property rights. Therefore, more studies are needed that investigate the validity of the metabolic power approach (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B42">42</xref>) and the detected throws, impacts, jumps (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B43">43</xref>), and change of directions grounding on tracking based measures. All points can be considered by more detailed studies in the future.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="s6" sec-type="conclusions"><label>6.</label><title>Conclusion</title>
<p>For the first time, we provide a comprehensive analysis of physical match demands in handball players competing in the LIQUI-MOLY Handball-Bundesliga. We found that physical match demands differ on that top-level with up to large effect sizes concerning the season, team, match outcome, playing position, and halftime. Our outcomes can help practitioners and researchers to develop team and player profiles as well as to optimize talent identification, training, regeneration, prevention, and rehabilitation procedures, and gives numerous indications for future research directions.</p>
</sec>
</body>
<back>
<sec id="s7" sec-type="data-availability"><title>Data availability statement</title>
<p>The data analyzed in this study is subject to the following licenses/restrictions: The collected data is freely available for each team competing in the LIQUI-MOLY Handball Bundesliga. Requests to access these datasets should be directed to <email>info@liquimoly-hbl.de</email>.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="s8" sec-type="author-contributions"><title>Author contributions</title>
<p>CS, CB, and MWH substantially contributed to conception and design of the study. CS organized the database. CS and CB performed the statistical analysis. CS and MWH wrote the first draft of the manuscript. All authors contributed to the article and approved the submitted version.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="s9" sec-type="funding-information"><title>Funding</title>
<p>The author(s) acknowledge support from the German Research Foundation (DFG) and Universit&#x00E4;t Leipzig within the program of Open Access Publishing.</p>
</sec>
<ack><title>Acknowledgments</title>
<p>We would like to thank J. Zemke for the data download.</p>
</ack>
<sec id="s10" sec-type="COI-statement"><title>Conflict of interest</title>
<p>The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="s11" sec-type="disclaimer"><title>Publisher&#x0027;s note</title>
<p>All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article, or claim that may be made by its manufacturer, is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.</p>
</sec>
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