AUTHOR=Stavres Jon , Aultman Ryan S. , Brandner Caleb F. , Newsome Ta’Quoris A. , Vallecillo-Bustos Anabelle , Graybeal Austin J. 

TITLE=Fat-free mass is associated with exercise pressor responses, but not cold pressor responses, in humans: influence of maximal voluntary contraction

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Sports and Active Living

VOLUME=Volume 6 - 2024

YEAR=2024

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/sports-and-active-living/articles/10.3389/fspor.2024.1352192

DOI=10.3389/fspor.2024.1352192

ISSN=2624-9367

ABSTRACT=Objective: This study examined the contributions of fat mass (FM) and fat-free mass (FFM) to the magnitude of exercise pressor responses in humans.
Methods: The cumulative blood pressure responses (blood pressure index; BPI) to handgrip exercise (BPIhg), post-exercise-circulatory-occlusion (BPIpeco), and cold-pressor activation (BPIcpt) were collected from sixty-seven individuals grouped by BMI (27.8±7.3 kg/m2), FFM index (FFMi, 29.1±3.8 kg/m2), and FM index (FMi 12.5±4.8 kg/m2) quartiles. BPI responses to HG were also normalized to the time-tension index of HG, providing a relative index of exercise pressor response magnitude (BPI¬norm). 
Results: BPIhg and BPIpeco were significantly elevated in the third FFMi quartile (p<0.034), while BPInorm significantly decreased in the second and fourth quartile (p<0.029). In contrast, no differences in BPIcpt were observed across any FFMi, BMI, or FMi quartiles (p>0.268). FFM was independently associated with BPIhg, BPIpeco, and BPInorm (all p<0.049), however, FFM was eliminated as an independent predictor when maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) was included in these regression models (all p>0.495). Neither FFM nor MVC was associated with BPIcpt (p>0.229). 
Conclusions: These findings indicate that exercise pressor responses, but not cold-pressor responses, are significantly associated with FFM in humans, and that this association is driven by FFM related differences in MVC.