AUTHOR=Hanzlik Shane , Riff Andrew J. , Wuerz Thomas H. , Abdulian Michael , Gurin Danielle , Nho Shane J. , Salata Michael J. 

TITLE=The Prevalence of Cam Morphology: A Cross-Sectional Evaluation of 3,558 Cadaveric Femora

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Surgery

VOLUME=Volume 7 - 2020

YEAR=2021

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/surgery/articles/10.3389/fsurg.2020.588535

DOI=10.3389/fsurg.2020.588535

ISSN=2296-875X

ABSTRACT=Purpose
We sought to determine (1) the prevalence of cam deformity in the population and that of bilateral cam deformity, (2) the typical location of a cam lesion, and (3) the typical size of a cam lesion by direct visualization in cadaveric femora.
Methods
Two observers inspected 3558 human cadaveric femora from the Hamann-Todd osteological collection from the Cleveland Museum of Natural History. Any asphericity greater than 2 mm from the anterior femoral neck line was classified as a cam lesion. Once lesions had been inspected, the prevalence in the population, prevalence by gender, and prevalence of bilateral deformity were determined. Additionally, each lesion was measured and localized to a specific quadrant on the femoral neck based upon location of maximal deformity. 
Results
Cam lesions were noted in 33% of males and 20% of females. Eighty percent of patients with a cam lesion had bilateral lesions. When stratified by location of maximal deformity, 90.9% of lesions were in the anterosuperior quadrant and 9.1% were in the anteroinferior quadrants. The average lesion measured 17mm long x 24mm wide x 6mm thick in men and 14 x 22 x 4 mm in women (p<0.05). 
Conclusions
The population prevalence of cam deformity determined by direct visualization in cadavers may be higher than has been suggested in studies utilizing imaging modalities.