AUTHOR=Yang Jingguo , Yang Xiaoyu , Wang Junjie , Yu Hang , You Chao , Ma Lu , Guan Junwen 

TITLE=Surgical technique of temporal muscle resuspension during cranioplasty for minimizing temporal hollowing: A case series

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Surgery

VOLUME=Volume 9 - 2022

YEAR=2022

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/surgery/articles/10.3389/fsurg.2022.996484

DOI=10.3389/fsurg.2022.996484

ISSN=2296-875X

ABSTRACT=Background: Temporal hollowing is a common but often overlooked complication following cranioplasty. To minimize temporal hollowing caused by temporal muscle contraction, we present the novel technique for temporal muscle resuspension during cranioplasty. 
Methods: This is a retrospective case series which were done by a single surgeon at our university tertiary-A hospital between January 2019 and February 2020. The surgical technique was performed according to the forms of temporal muscle based on preoperative 3-D reconstruction and intraoperative images. All patients were followed up and evaluated on esthetic and functional outcomes.
Results: 17 patients with an average age of 39.35 years, frontotemporoparietal cranial defect size of 78.85 cm², and median follow-up of 7 months were included. The main cause of decompressive craniectomy was trauma (n=15). Techniques of temporal muscle augmentative resuspension were performed. The follow-up esthetic and functional outcome evaluation showed that all patients had good postoperative results. No revision surgery was found among the patients.
Conclusions: This study proposes methods of temporal muscle augmentative resuspension based on forms of the muscle. We believe this might be of use in minimizing temporal hollowing after cranioplasty.