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        <title>Frontiers in Sustainability | Alternative Materials section | New and Recent Articles</title>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/sustainability/sections/alternative-materials</link>
        <description>RSS Feed for Alternative Materials section in the Frontiers in Sustainability journal | New and Recent Articles</description>
        <language>en-us</language>
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        <pubDate>2026-05-14T16:14:27.468+00:00</pubDate>
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        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frsus.2025.1695766</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frsus.2025.1695766</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Sustainable electrical insulator waste management: an eco-friendly concrete development and property assessment using 3E analysis]]></title>
        <pubdate>2025-11-03T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Ranjith R.</author><author>Sekar S. K.</author>
        <description><![CDATA[A green environment will result from the use of sustainable industrial waste in eco-friendly concrete making. This study summarizes the outcomes of mechanical properties, microstructure characterization, and Environmental–Energy–Economic (3E) analysis of four different M50 grade structural concrete using industry-dumped-out ceramic electrical insulator waste as a substitute for conventional cement and granite aggregates. The optimum quantity of insulator powder in concrete making is found to be 30%. The concrete with 30% insulator powder and 100% insulator aggregates (M4 mix) performs better by achieving significantly higher mechanical properties such as compressive strength, split tensile strength, flexural strength, dynamic and static modulus at 9.29%, 17.50%, 14.42%, 8.31%, and 11.65%, respectively, compared to reference concrete (M1 mix; with 100% cement and 100% granite aggregates). Regression and statistical analysis predictions of R2 > 98% and coefficient of Variation (CV) >5% had a substantial influence on the mechanical properties of insulator concrete. The hydration mechanism of insulator concrete mix M4 increases the chemically bound water (Wb) to 3.24% as found by thermo-gravimetric analysis. Similarly, a 2.20% higher Si-O-Si bond wavenumber enhances the concrete strength as evaluated by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) analysis. Based on the eco-friendly analysis, the maximum specific energy consumption, CO2 emission reduction, and Sustainability Index (SI) were achieved by the M4 mix at 33.58%, 31.28%, and 3.15% respectively. In light of these findings, insulator waste can be used as a cement and aggregate substitute in concrete with 36% of economic benefit.]]></description>
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        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frsus.2025.1606205</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frsus.2025.1606205</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Integrating hemp in a replicable model for affordable, low carbon housing: a zero carbon microhome prototype for the Kansas Flint Hills]]></title>
        <pubdate>2025-10-01T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Michael D. Gibson</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Homes in the U.S. account for a substantial share of energy use and emissions, while the shortage of affordable housing underscores the need for new design and construction approaches. The Zero Carbon Microhome, designed by architecture students in the Net Positive Studio at Kansas State University, demonstrates how hempcrete and hemp fiber can be integrated into a prototype for affordable infill housing that achieves both annual net zero energy and net zero carbon over its lifespan. Hemp’s use in the project is central to reducing embodied emissions in the structure and enclosure of the home. A carbon assessment incorporates emissions from the hempcrete and hemp fiber insulation to evaluate their role in achieving net zero carbon. An accompanying energy analysis examines the thermal properties of these materials and demonstrates how the project attains net zero energy, with operational carbon reduced and offset by renewable energy. The hempcrete mixture is detailed, along with factors influencing its performance. Together, these strategies offer a replicable model for applying hemp and hempcrete in the pursuit of affordable, net zero energy, net zero carbon housing.]]></description>
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        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frsus.2025.1638375</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frsus.2025.1638375</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Sustainable thermoplastic elastomers: valorization of waste tires, recycled HDPE, and recycled EVA]]></title>
        <pubdate>2025-09-03T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Jose Suarez Loor</author><author>Miguel Carrasco Cordero</author><author>Miriam Lazo</author><author>Estephany Adrian</author><author>Angie Mendoza López</author><author>Joan Vera Villalobos</author><author>Andrés Rigail Cedeño</author>
        <description><![CDATA[The present study focused on the comprehensive investigation of the properties of thermoplastic elastomeric composites (TPE) containing 70% by weight of ground tire rubber (GTR) and a range of 15 to 30% by weight of recycled polyethylene (rHDPE). To improve the properties of these composites, different percentages of recycled nylon fibers (rPA) and recycled ethylene vinyl acetate (rEVA) were incorporated as reinforcing and compatibilizing agent, respectively. It was found that composites containing 5% and 10% by weight of rEVA exhibited higher plastic deformation capacity (7.3%), lower stiffness, and higher impact strength (247.92 J/m). These results were attributed to lower interfacial tension between GTR and rHDPE, which allowed the rHDPE to be encapsulated in the GTR matrix, thus favoring these mechanical properties. A detailed scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis revealed that the considerable particle size of the GTR used had a negative impact by causing premature tearing of the TPEs and limited deformability. Furthermore, it was confirmed that incorporating rPA into the composites adversely affected the mechanical, physical, and processability properties. This was due to difficulties in the homogeneous dispersion of rPA fibers within the GTR matrix. Also, when analyzing the processability of the composites, a slight increase in processing torque was observed in the composites with rEVA, which was attributed to a slight crosslinking of these composites. In contrast, thermogravimetric tests did not evidence a significant variation in degradation temperatures; however, they showed that the processing temperature should be kept below 380°C. These results highlight the considerable potential of the composites developed, as they have been manufactured exclusively from 100% recycled raw materials, without any physical or chemical pre-treatment.]]></description>
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        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frsus.2025.1621197</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frsus.2025.1621197</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Hemp-lime as a tool for undergraduate research and teaching experiences]]></title>
        <pubdate>2025-08-14T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Curriculum, Instruction, and Pedagogy</category>
        <author>Daniel P. Hindman</author><author>Tom Hammett</author>
        <description><![CDATA[The continued growth of hemp-based products in construction is a subject that many students in the Sustainable Biomaterials department at Virginia Tech are interested in pursuing as a career. In response to this interest, the authors have conducted several special study courses and independent research activities with students to increase their understanding of hemp and other bio-based materials in construction. Experiential learning activities such as these are now in high demand, are being encouraged at Virginia Tech and are recognized as important by employers. The purpose of this article is to describe an evolution of educational activities and suggest best practices for other educators to help students gain experience with hemp-based products while preparing them for careers in construction. When discussing novel construction materials such as hemp-based products, there is often little information available as to the use and application of these in teaching and project learning. By using a combination of classroom lectures, laboratory activities, and active engagement with industry professionals, teaching professionals can be effective learning venues to prepare students for career paths.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frsus.2024.1508940</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frsus.2024.1508940</link>
        <title><![CDATA[In-situ measurement of residential buildings with hempcrete walls: a case study]]></title>
        <pubdate>2025-01-29T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Ali M. Memari</author><author>Nadia Mirzai</author><author>Mahsa Hashemi</author><author>Xinrui Lu</author><author>Corey Gracie-Griffin</author><author>Hojae Yi</author><author>Sarah Klinetob Lowe</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Given that over 95% of buildings are residential, there is an urgent need for carbon-storing materials and easy-to-construct methods to achieve energy-efficient and low-carbon homes, which can significantly impact CO2 reduction. Industrial hemp, used to produce hempcrete, is a promising construction material. Hempcrete, composed of hemp hurd and fibers mixed with lime and water, is currently used for thermal insulation and lightweight building blocks, intended for use in constructing non-load-bearing walls. With growing interest in hempcrete for home construction and a lack of comprehensive data on its performance, a case study assessed the thermal resistance of walls in a home retrofitted with hempcrete insulation in wood-framed walls. This paper focuses on practical in-situ instrumentation and determination of the thermal resistance of hempcrete walls in a retrofitted house. It also provides some basic background information on hemp and hempcrete. It discusses the practical application of the Heat Flow Meter Method for in-situ measurement of the thermal properties of hempcrete walls. The paper concludes with the developed thermal resistance of retrofitted hempcrete walls based on in-situ testing.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frsus.2024.1410986</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frsus.2024.1410986</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Eco-friendly bio-composite sheets: a study on the utilization of banana peels, cassava starch, and banana stem fibers]]></title>
        <pubdate>2024-09-06T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>G.K.K Ishara</author><author>Pabasari A Koliyabandara</author><author>Gamunu Samarakoon</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Massively using conventional plastics has led to significant environmental issues, including harm to ecosystems, wildlife, and human health, contributions to greenhouse gas emissions, and resource depletion through their extraction and production. Thus, there is an urgent imperative to seek sustainable alternatives like bio-composites. This research established the viability of banana peels and cassava starch for eco-friendly bio-composite sheets, offering insights into their properties and performance The bio-composite materials, composed of banana peels, cassava starch, banana stem fiber, glycerol, and acetic acid, were prepared in different weight-based proportions. The preparation process involved cleaning, drying, blending, and molding the materials to produce consistent bio-composite samples. The properties and performance of the composite samples were assessed for water absorption, moisture content, and tensile strength. Notably, the combination of banana peels and cassava in a 1:2 ratio, along with banana stem fiber, demonstrated favorable attributes, including reduced water absorption (ranging from 6.42 to 30.91%), desirable moisture content (ranging from 8.06 to 11.27%), and increased tensile strength (ranging from 5.345 to 11.892 MPa). These findings confirm the viability of using banana peels and cassava starch in producing bio-composite sheets, offering a sustainable alternative to conventional plastics. This study contributes to the field of sustainable materials by providing insights into the properties and performance of bio-composites, thereby supporting the development of eco-friendly bio-composite sheets.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frsus.2023.1169487</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frsus.2023.1169487</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Thermoplastic molding of silk protein composite plastic toothbrush handles with on-demand degradability]]></title>
        <pubdate>2023-06-30T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Brief Research Report</category>
        <author>Junqi Wu</author><author>Rodrick D. Wiggins</author><author>Casey H. Weaver</author><author>Gerard Kugel</author><author>David L. Kaplan</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Toothbrush handles made from synthetic polymers like polypropylene and polyethylene accumulate in the environment at an annual rate of 1 billion devices per year and without significant degradation, resulting in severe burdens particularly in marine environments. Herein, we report a new process to generate these plastic handles using natural, biopolymer-based components using a direct thermoplastic molding approach, that also offers on-demand degradation of the materials. The materials are prepared directly from whole silk cocoons that are thermoplastically transformed into biodegradable plastic parts for consumer needs, here in the form of toothbrush handles; either with silk alone or in combination with other natural sourced materials such as cellulose, chitosan and hydroxyapatite. We demonstrate the on-demand degradation of these bioplastics in different ways, using natural exogenous protease digestion either offered through soil exposure of the silk based plastics or via unique on-demand activation of proteases sequestered in the plastic materials to drive the degradation on-demand (hydration). The approaches described here demonstrate a new approach to bio-plastic formation and degradation from biopolymers that offers widespread options for future consumer materials with a focus on sustainability.]]></description>
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