Frontiers in Toxicology | In Vitro Toxicology

Original Research

Published on 22 Jan 2026

Nicotine-free electronic vape fluid stimulates angiogenic processes in vitro through ARF6-mediated oxidative stress

in In Vitro Toxicology

Lewis Spurrier-Best
David Butcher
Evangelene Blackham-Hayward
Zsuzsanna Kertesz
Havovi Chichger

Frontiers in Toxicology

doi 10.3389/ftox.2025.1699112

625 views

Perspective

Accepted on 21 Jan 2026

Foreign Body Reaction: Towards a macrophage-centered Adverse Outcome Pathway for fibrotic encapsulation

in In Vitro Toxicology

Tom Meseberg
Susanne Kurz
Juliane Spohn

Frontiers in Toxicology

Original Research

Accepted on 20 Jan 2026

Multi-Task Deep Learning Models for Mechanism-Based Prediction of Developmental and Reproductive Toxicity (DART) using ToxCast Bioassays

in In Vitro Toxicology

Siyeol Ahn
Hojun Jun
Jinwon Hwang
Donghyeon Kim
Hyunjun Kim
Wooseok Kim
Yunjung Lee
Changwon Lim
Jinhee Choi

Frontiers in Toxicology

116 views

Perspective

Accepted on 15 Jan 2026

Addressing Animal Methods Bias Through Government-Led Initiatives

in In Vitro Toxicology

Jessica S Kopew
Merel Ritskes-Hoitinga
Mikalah Singer
Emily Trunnell
Gabby Vidaurre
Catharine E Krebs

Frontiers in Toxicology

255 views

Mini Review

Published on 09 Jan 2026

Beyond the amyloid hypothesis: leveraging human-centered complex in vitro models to decode Alzheimer’s disease etiology

in In Vitro Toxicology

Matthew Price
Francesca Pistollato

Frontiers in Toxicology

doi 10.3389/ftox.2025.1753572

1,453 views

Original Research

Accepted on 05 Jan 2026

Microplastics amplify the pro-inflammatory response to fungal mycelial fragments and spores in neutrophil-like cells

in In Vitro Toxicology

Anani Komlavi Afanou
Andreas Solberg Sagen
Francesco Komlavi Barbero
Ilaria Komlavi Zanoni
Anna Komlavi Costa
Øyvind P Haugen
Shan Komlavi Zienolddiny-Narui

Frontiers in Toxicology

176 views

Original Research

Published on 18 Dec 2025

Beyond cytotoxicity: pollutant mixtures elicit unconventional epithelial-fibroblast signaling in a human lung air-liquid interface co-culture model

in In Vitro Toxicology

Justine Fredoc-Louison
Maëva Cherrière
Bastien Rival
Suzanne De Araujo
Sabine François
Samir Dekali

Frontiers in Toxicology

doi 10.3389/ftox.2025.1722968

875 views

Original Research

Published on 08 Dec 2025

Comparative evaluation of artificial saliva and complete artificial saliva as solvent vehicles for in vitro toxicity testing of oral tobacco products

in In Vitro Toxicology

Xuefei Cao
Mariana T. Farcas
Yevgeniya V. Prepelitskaya
Abaigeal Ritzenthaler
Jennifer Molignano
Jonathan Oldach
Marisol M. Gutierrez

Frontiers in Toxicology

doi 10.3389/ftox.2025.1657073

1,123 views

Original Research

Published on 04 Dec 2025

Monocyte migration assay using a vascular-on-a-chip model and its utilization for the evaluation of a heated tobacco product

in In Vitro Toxicology

Ayaka Hayashida
Atsuko Nozawa
Shigeaki Ito

Frontiers in Toxicology

doi 10.3389/ftox.2025.1658093

1,222 views

Review

Published on 02 Dec 2025

Advancements in the in vitro culture of human pluripotent stem cells: progress, challenges, and future directions: comprehensive review

in In Vitro Toxicology

Niraj Chaudhary
Luis G. Villa-Diaz

Frontiers in Toxicology

doi 10.3389/ftox.2025.1667573

1,572 views

Opinion

Published on 14 Nov 2025

Revisiting 3Rs: rethinking replacement and new approach methodologies

in In Vitro Toxicology

Jessica Rosolowski
Tilo Weber
Atena Malakpour-Permlid
Stina Oredsson

Frontiers in Toxicology

doi 10.3389/ftox.2025.1664209

1,401 views

Original Research

Published on 30 Oct 2025

Alternatives to animal-derived extracellular matrix hydrogels? An explorative study with HepaRG cells in animal-free hydrogels under static and dynamic culture conditions

in In Vitro Toxicology

Katharina S. Nitsche
Paul L. Carmichael
Sophie Malcomber
Iris Müller
Hans Bouwmeester

Frontiers in Toxicology

doi 10.3389/ftox.2025.1649393

2,378 views
1 citation

Review

Published on 30 Oct 2025

Developing an approach for evaluating the cardiotoxic potential of botanicals

in In Vitro Toxicology

Julie Krzykwa
Hemantkumar S. Chaudhari
Andre Monteiro Da Rocha
Matthias Gossmann
Peter Hoffmann
Yaser Khokhar
Nathan Meyer
Jin-Young K. Park
Robert Sprando
Ravi Vaidyanathan

Frontiers in Toxicology

doi 10.3389/ftox.2025.1646044

2,247 views
1 citation

Perspective

Published on 13 Oct 2025

Refining the safety assessment of newly expressed proteins in GMOs

in In Vitro Toxicology

Elena Sánchez-Brunete
Arianna Ferrari
F. Javier Moreno
Tilemachos Goumperis
Michele Ardizzone
Reinhilde Schoonjans
Ian Dewhurst
Ivan Dimitrov
Michelle M. Epstein
Frits Koning

Frontiers in Toxicology

doi 10.3389/ftox.2025.1679506

2,096 views

Original Research

Published on 03 Oct 2025

Characterizing chlorotriazine effects in cancer-relevant high-throughput screening assays

in In Vitro Toxicology

Agnes L. Karmaus
Alex Charlton

Frontiers in Toxicology

doi 10.3389/ftox.2025.1682439

1,212 views

Original Research

Published on 01 Oct 2025

Proliferation and metabolic activity of the Atlantic sturgeon cell line AOXlar7y under short-term serum-reduced conditions, and the effect of stimulation with growth factors and cytokines

in In Vitro Toxicology

Valeria Di Leonardo
Julia Brenmoehl
Heike Wanka
Bianka Grunow

Frontiers in Toxicology

doi 10.3389/ftox.2025.1636776

1,601 views

Original Research

Published on 01 Oct 2025

Promoting ethical and reproducible cell culture: implementing animal-free alternatives to teaching in molecular and cell biology

in In Vitro Toxicology

Alexandra Nessar
Viola Röhrs
Mathias Ziersch
Ahmed S. M. Ali
Julia Moradi
Anke Kurreck
Johanna Berg
Jens Kurreck

Frontiers in Toxicology

doi 10.3389/ftox.2025.1670513

4,553 views
1 citation

Original Research

Published on 30 Sep 2025

Acetaldehyde and methylglyoxal: comparative analysis of toxic electronic cigarette degradation products in 3D and 2D exposure systems using human bronchial epithelial models

in In Vitro Toxicology

Man Wong
Teresa Martinez
Nathan Hendricks
Prue Talbot

Frontiers in Toxicology

doi 10.3389/ftox.2025.1624794

4,187 views

Review

Published on 09 Sep 2025

Antibody-based alternatives to animal testing for toxin detection and antitoxin evaluation

in In Vitro Toxicology

Seo-Hyuk Chang
Jieun Jang
Wonjun Yang
Nam-Kyung Lee
Seoyeon Choi
Hyo-Il Jung
Wantae Kim
Boksik Cha
Sung-Jin Yoon
Ji-Yoon Noh

Frontiers in Toxicology

doi 10.3389/ftox.2025.1636246

3,026 views

Original Research

Published on 21 Aug 2025

Integral approach to organelle profiling in human iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes enhances in vitro cardiac safety classification of known cardiotoxic compounds

in In Vitro Toxicology

Brigitta R. Szabo
Jeroen Stein
Anna Savchenko
Thomas Hutschalik
Filip Van Nieuwerburgh
Tim Meese
Georgios Kosmidis
Paul G. A. Volders
Elena Matsa

Frontiers in Toxicology

doi 10.3389/ftox.2025.1644119

2,317 views

Review

Published on 08 Aug 2025

Fetal bovine serum: how to leave it behind in the pursuit of more reliable science

in In Vitro Toxicology

Tilo Weber
Atena Malakpour-Permlid
Aline Chary
Vito D’Alessandro
Leah Haut
Sebastian Seufert
Esther Veronika Wenzel
James Hickman
Karen Bieback
Joachim Wiest

Frontiers in Toxicology

doi 10.3389/ftox.2025.1612903

10,560 views
7 citations

Original Research

Published on 23 Jul 2025

Cadmium decreases human gingival fibroblast viability and induces pro-inflammatory response associated with Akt and MAPK pathway activation

in In Vitro Toxicology

Tipparat Parakaw
Sirada Srihirun
Nathawut Sibmooh
Nisarat Ruangsawasdi
Phisit Khemawoot
Pornpun Vivithanaporn

Frontiers in Toxicology

doi 10.3389/ftox.2025.1583865

2,424 views
1 citation

Original Research

Published on 01 Jul 2025

Toxicity of glyphosate accelerates neurodegeneration in Caenorhabditis elegans model of Alzheimer’s disease

in In Vitro Toxicology

Nisha Rani
Mohammad Mumtaz Alam
Suhel Parvez

Frontiers in Toxicology

doi 10.3389/ftox.2025.1578230

2,719 views
3 citations

Review

Published on 30 Jun 2025

An adverse outcome pathway for cigarette smoke-mediated oxidative stress in plaque formation

in In Vitro Toxicology

Patrudu Makena
Linsey E. Haswell
Michael McEwan
Brian M. Keyser
David E. Smart
Robert Leverette
Kristen Jordan
Damien Breheny
Sarah Baxter-Wright

Frontiers in Toxicology

doi 10.3389/ftox.2025.1554747

2,718 views
2 citations

104 articles

articles

Nicotine-free electronic vape fluid stimulates angiogenic processes in vitro through ARF6-mediated oxidative stress

Foreign Body Reaction: Towards a macrophage-centered Adverse Outcome Pathway for fibrotic encapsulation

Multi-Task Deep Learning Models for Mechanism-Based Prediction of Developmental and Reproductive Toxicity (DART) using ToxCast Bioassays

Addressing Animal Methods Bias Through Government-Led Initiatives

Beyond the amyloid hypothesis: leveraging human-centered complex in vitro models to decode Alzheimer’s disease etiology

Microplastics amplify the pro-inflammatory response to fungal mycelial fragments and spores in neutrophil-like cells

Beyond cytotoxicity: pollutant mixtures elicit unconventional epithelial-fibroblast signaling in a human lung air-liquid interface co-culture model

Comparative evaluation of artificial saliva and complete artificial saliva as solvent vehicles for in vitro toxicity testing of oral tobacco products

Monocyte migration assay using a vascular-on-a-chip model and its utilization for the evaluation of a heated tobacco product

Advancements in the in vitro culture of human pluripotent stem cells: progress, challenges, and future directions: comprehensive review

Revisiting 3Rs: rethinking replacement and new approach methodologies

Alternatives to animal-derived extracellular matrix hydrogels? An explorative study with HepaRG cells in animal-free hydrogels under static and dynamic culture conditions

Developing an approach for evaluating the cardiotoxic potential of botanicals

Refining the safety assessment of newly expressed proteins in GMOs

Characterizing chlorotriazine effects in cancer-relevant high-throughput screening assays

Proliferation and metabolic activity of the Atlantic sturgeon cell line AOXlar7y under short-term serum-reduced conditions, and the effect of stimulation with growth factors and cytokines

Promoting ethical and reproducible cell culture: implementing animal-free alternatives to teaching in molecular and cell biology

Acetaldehyde and methylglyoxal: comparative analysis of toxic electronic cigarette degradation products in 3D and 2D exposure systems using human bronchial epithelial models

Antibody-based alternatives to animal testing for toxin detection and antitoxin evaluation

Integral approach to organelle profiling in human iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes enhances in vitro cardiac safety classification of known cardiotoxic compounds

Fetal bovine serum: how to leave it behind in the pursuit of more reliable science

Cadmium decreases human gingival fibroblast viability and induces pro-inflammatory response associated with Akt and MAPK pathway activation

Toxicity of glyphosate accelerates neurodegeneration in Caenorhabditis elegans model of Alzheimer’s disease

An adverse outcome pathway for cigarette smoke-mediated oxidative stress in plaque formation