AUTHOR=Faye Lindiwe Modest , Hosu Mojisola Clara , Dlatu Ntandazo , Iruedo Joshua , Apalata Teke 

TITLE=Predicting treatment adherence in patients with drug-resistant tuberculosis: insights from socioeconomic, demographic, and clinical factors of patients in the rural Eastern Cape

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Tuberculosis

VOLUME=Volume 3 - 2025

YEAR=2025

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/tuberculosis/articles/10.3389/ftubr.2025.1659333

DOI=10.3389/ftubr.2025.1659333

ISSN=2813-7868

ABSTRACT=BackgroundDrug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) poses a serious challenge to global health. Patients must follow complex medication regimens over long periods, and any failure to comply with these treatment plans can result in treatment failure, higher mortality rates, and an increased risk of developing additional drug resistance.SettingThe study was conducted in the rural Eastern Cape.AimThis study aims to identify the key factors influencing treatment adherence among patients with DR-TB. Furthermore, it rigorously evaluates the predictive accuracy of machine learning models in assessing treatment adherence, with a strong focus on socioeconomic, demographic, and clinical factors.MethodsA retrospective analysis was conducted on patients with DR-TB. Data were collected from medical records. Four different models were developed and tested to evaluate their effectiveness in predicting treatment adherence: Random Forest, Logistic regression, Support Vector Machine (SVM), and Gradient Boosting.ResultsThe Random Forest model achieved an accuracy of 53.3% in predicting treatment adherence. An analysis of feature importance indicated that age, income, education, social history, patient category, and comorbidities were the most significant factors influencing adherence. Patients with higher incomes, higher levels of education, and fewer comorbidities were more likely to follow their treatment plans.ConclusionAdhering to treatment for DR-TB involves a range of socioeconomic and clinical factors. Income, education level, and pre-existing health conditions significantly influence how well patients follow their prescribed treatment regimens. Understanding these influences is crucial for enhancing treatment outcomes and facilitating patients' journey toward improved health.ContributionThese findings suggest that machine-learning models, especially Random Forest algorithms, can effectively support clinical decision-making by identifying patients at risk of non-adherence to their treatment.