AUTHOR=Phesatcha Kampanat , Phesatcha Burarat , Wanapat Metha 

TITLE=Mangosteen Peel Liquid-Protected Soybean Meal Can Shift Rumen Microbiome and Rumen Fermentation End-Products in Lactating Crossbred Holstein Friesian Cows

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Veterinary Science

VOLUME=Volume 8 - 2021

YEAR=2022

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/veterinary-science/articles/10.3389/fvets.2021.772043

DOI=10.3389/fvets.2021.772043

ISSN=2297-1769

ABSTRACT=Rumen by-pass protein can enhance protein available at the lower-gut. This study investigated the use of liquid-containing phytonutrients in dairy cows as dietary additive to reduce rumen protein degradation. Four crossbred lactating Holstein Friesian cows (75% Holstein Friesian with 25% Thai native breed) were randomly assigned to a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement (two protein levels with soybean meal (SBM) or mangosteen peel liquid protected (MPLP)-SBM) in a 4 × 4 Latin square design experiment. Dietary treatments were: T1 = SBM in low protein concentrate (LPC) (SBM-LPC); T2 = MPLP- SBM in LPC; T3 = SBM in high protein concentrate (HPC) (SBM-HPC); T4= MPLP-SBM in HPC. The digestibilities of organic matter (OM) and neutral detergent fiber (aNDF) were increased (P<0.05) by protein level with HPC diet (19% CP) and with higher OM and aNDF digestibilities. HPC increased propionic acid in the rumen, but reduced acetic acid to propionic acid ratio and methane production (P<0.05). Rumen microbial populations mostly the total bacterial, Fibrobacter succinogenes and Butrivio fibrisolvens were increased by HPC (P<0.05). Real-time PCR revealed a 30.6 % reduction of rumen methanogens by the MPLP-SBM in HPC. Furthermore, efficiency of microbial nitrogen synthesis (EMNS) were a 15.8% increased (P<0.05) by the MPLP-SBM in HPC. Milk yield and milk composition especially protein content, were enhanced (P<0.05) by both the protein level in concentrate and by MPLP inclusion. The 3.8% milk protein was found in the MPLP-SBM in HPC fed group. In this experiment, a high level of protein and the MPLP-SBM enhanced the ruminal propionate, shifted rumen microbiome and enhanced milk yield and compositions (P<0.05).