AUTHOR=Olivarez Jeff D. , Mulon Pierre-Yves , Ebner Lisa S. , Cremerius Haley , Cantrell Channing , Rahn Rebecca , Soto-Gonzalez Windy , Bergman Joan , Cox Sherry , Mochel Jonathan P. , Kreuder Amanda J. , Smith Joe S. 

TITLE=Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of pantoprazole in calves

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Veterinary Science

VOLUME=Volume 9 - 2022

YEAR=2023

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/veterinary-science/articles/10.3389/fvets.2022.1101461

DOI=10.3389/fvets.2022.1101461

ISSN=2297-1769

ABSTRACT=Development of abomasal ulceration is a large concern, especially within calves; however, there is a paucity of research into the use of gastroprotectants in ruminant species. Proton pump inhibitors, such as pantoprazole, are widely used in humans and companion animals. Their efficacy in ruminant species is undetermined. The objectives of this study were to 1) estimate the plasma pharmacokinetic parameters for pantoprazole in neonatal calves after three days of intravenous (IV) or subcutaneous (SC) administration, and 2) measure the effect pantoprazole had on abomasal pH over the treatment period. Pantoprazole was administered to 6 Holstein-Angus cross bull calves at a dose of 1 mg/kg (IV) or 2 mg/kg (SC), once a day (every 24hrs) for three days. Plasma samples were collected over a 72hr period and analyzed via HPLC-UV for determining pantoprazole concentrations. Pharmacokinetic parameters were derived via non-compartmental analysis. Abomasal (n= 8) samples were collected via abomasal cannulas over a 12hr period, per calf per day. Abomasal pH was determined via a benchtop pH analyzer. Following Day 1 of IV administration, plasma clearance, elimination half-life, and volume of distribution of pantoprazole were estimated at 199.9 mL/kg/hr, 1.44 hr, and 0.51 L/kg, respectively. On Day 3 of IV administration, the reported values were 192.9 mL/kg/hr, 2.52 hr, and 1.80 L/kg mL, respectively.  Elimination half-life and volume of distribution (V/F) of pantoprazole following SC administration were estimated at 1.81 hr and 0.55 L/kg, respectively, on Day 1; and 2.99 hr and 2.82 L/kg, respectively, on Day 3. The reported values for IV administration were similar to those previously reported in calves. SC administration appears to be well absorbed and tolerated. The sulfone metabolite was detectable for 36 hours after the last administration for both routes. Abomasal pH was significantly higher than the pre-pantoprazole pH 4, 6, and 8 hours after administration in both the IV and SC groups. Further studies of pantoprazole as a treatment/preventative for abomasal ulcers are warranted.