AUTHOR=Loyd Avery F. , Tatarniuk Dane M. , Naiman Jaron H. , Merkatoris Paul T. , Troy Jarrod R. TITLE=Case report: Fluoroscopic-assisted closed reduction and minimally invasive femoral capital physeal fracture repair in four calves JOURNAL=Frontiers in Veterinary Science VOLUME=Volume 9 - 2022 YEAR=2022 URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/veterinary-science/articles/10.3389/fvets.2022.970220 DOI=10.3389/fvets.2022.970220 ISSN=2297-1769 ABSTRACT=Objective: To describe a minimally invasive osteosynthesis (MIO) femoral capital physeal fracture (FCPF) repair technique using multiple smooth Steinmann pins in 4 calves. Study Design: Case series Animal: 4 calves (<60 days age) Methods: Medical records at a single referral hospital were searched for calves that had minimally invasive osteosynthesis (MIO) femoral capital physeal fracture (FCPF) repair performed using multiple Steinmann pins between 2020 and 2021. Calves receiving alternative repair, euthanasia without repair, or > 60 days of age were excluded. Medical records were reviewed with the following information obtained: inciting FCPF cause, patient signalment, clinical sign duration pre-admission, history of dystocia, and any pre-admission treatment. Preoperative parameters collected included packed cell volume (PCV), serum total solids (TS), additional bloodwork when available, peripheral blood glucose, antimicrobial therapy, and analgesic medications. Preoperative coxofemoral radiographs were obtained in all calves. Results/Outcome: Four calves were presented with a severe hind limb lameness from varying etiologies. FCPF was diagnosed in all calves via radiograph. All FCPF were repaired with an MIO repair technique using multiple Steinmann pins. Intra-operative fracture reduction and fixation were deemed appropriate by the attending surgeon with the use of fluoroscopy. Postoperatively all calves were weight bearing normally and ambulating. One calf died postoperatively due to an unrelated co-morbidity (severe bronchopneumonia and hyperkalemia). The three remaining calves survived to hospital discharge and were ambulating normally with adequate range of motion at time of discharge. Long term follow up was available in two cases which revealed long term survival at 210- and 146-days respectively. Owners reported good ambulation and one of the calves performing and placing in the show ring. One calf was lost to long-term follow-up. Conclusion: MIO FCPF repair with multiple Steinmann pins previously described in small animal species can be implemented for FCPF repair in young calves. Clinical Impact: This case series provides a foundation for minimally invasive osteosynthesis technique translation to large animal juveniles and reports an alternative MIO technique for capital physeal closed fracture repair in calves.