AUTHOR=Elghandour Mona M. M. Y. , Acosta-Lozano Néstor , Alvarado Tonantzin Díaz , Castillo-Lopez Ezequias , Cipriano-Salazar Moises , Barros-Rodríguez Marcos , Inyang Udoh Akpan , Purba Rayudika Aprilia Patindra , Salem Abdelfattah Z. M. 

TITLE=Influence of Azadirachta indica and Cnidoscolus angustidens aqueous extract on cattle ruminal gas production and degradability in vitro

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Veterinary Science

VOLUME=Volume 10 - 2023

YEAR=2023

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/veterinary-science/articles/10.3389/fvets.2023.1090729

DOI=10.3389/fvets.2023.1090729

ISSN=2297-1769

ABSTRACT=Reducing ruminant greenhouse gas emissions is crucial for more appropriate livestock production. Thus, there is a need of further research evaluating feed supplementation strategies to mitigate enteric greenhouse gas emissions and other gases produced within the rumen. This study determined the effectiveness of liquid extracts from A. indica (AZI), C. angustidens (CNA), or their combination (Mix. 1:1) at dosages of 0, 75, 150, and 225 mg/g DM substrate incubated in reducing greenhouse gas production in vitro, particularly CH4, from the diet of steers during anaerobic incubation in rumen fluid. Total gas production, CH4, CO, H2S, and fermentative characteristics were all measured in vitro. Treatment AZI at a dose of 225 mg/g DM substrate produced the highest (P < 0.05) gas volume at 6 h, whereas CNA at a dose of 150 mg/ g DM substrate produced the least (P < 0.05) at 6 and 24 h, and Mix. at a dose of 150 mg/g DM substrate produced the least (P < 0.05) at 48 h. In addition, CH4 levels at 6 and 24 h of incubation (75 mg/g DM substrate) were highest (P < 0.05) for CNA, and lowest (P < 0.05) for AZI, whereas this variable was lowest (P < 0.05) at 150 mg of extract for CNA at 24 and 48 h. At 6 and 24 h, CO volume was highest (P < 0.05) for AZI at 225 mg and lowest (P < 0.05) for Mix. at 150 mg of extract. Treatment Mix. had a high (P < 0.05) concentration of short chain fatty acids at 150 mg/g DM of substrate. In general, herbaceous perennial plants, such as Azadirachta indica and Cnidoscolus angustidens, could be considered suitable for mitigating enteric greenhouse gas emissions from animals; specifically, the treatment Mix. achieved a greater sustainable reduction of 67.6% in CH4, 54.7% in CO, and 47.5% in H2S production when compared to either AZI, and might suggest the