AUTHOR=Tahir Ifrah , Alkheraije Khalid Ali 

TITLE=A review of important heavy metals toxicity with special emphasis on nephrotoxicity and its management in cattle

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Veterinary Science

VOLUME=Volume 10 - 2023

YEAR=2023

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/veterinary-science/articles/10.3389/fvets.2023.1149720

DOI=10.3389/fvets.2023.1149720

ISSN=2297-1769

ABSTRACT=Toxicity with heavy metals has shown to be a significant hazard, with several health problems linked with it. Heavy metals bioaccumulate in living organisms, polluting the food chain and possibly threat to animals. Many industries, fertilizers, traffic, automobile, paint, ground water and animal feed are sources of contamination of heavy metals. Few metals, such as aluminum (Al), may be eliminated by elimination processes, but other metals like lead (Pb), arsenic (As) and cadmium (Ca) accumulate in the body and food chain, leading to chronic toxicity in animals. Even if these metals have no biological purpose, their toxic effects are still present in some form that is damaging the animal body and its appropriate functioning. Cadmium (Cd) and Pb have negative impacts on a number of physiological and biochemical processes when exposed in sub lethal doses. The nephrotoxic effects of Pb, As and Cd are well known in history and high amounts of naturally occurring environmental metals as well as occupational population with high exposures have a relationship between kidney damage and toxic metal exposure. Metal toxicity is determined by the absorbed dosage, the route of exposure, and the length of exposure, whether acute or chronic. This can lead to numerous disorders and can also result in excessive damage due to oxidative stress generated by free radical production. Heavy metals concentration decreases by various procedures including bioremediation, pyrolysis, phytoremediation, rhizofiltration, biochar and thermal process. This review discusses certain heavy metals, their toxicity mechanisms, and their health impacts on cattle with special emphasize on kidney. also result in excessive damage due to oxidative stress generated by free radical production. Heavy metal concentration decrease by various procedures including bioremediation, pyrolysis, phytoremediation, rhizofiltration, biochar and thermal process. This review discusses certain heavy metals, their toxicity mechanisms, and their health impacts on cattle with special emphasize on kidney.