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        <title>Frontiers in Veterinary Science | New and Recent Articles</title>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/veterinary-science</link>
        <description>RSS Feed for Frontiers in Veterinary Science | New and Recent Articles</description>
        <language>en-us</language>
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        <pubDate>2026-08-20T15:25:53.204+00:00</pubDate>
        <ttl>60</ttl>
        <item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2026.1927413</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2026.1927413</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Influence of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris) pulp on in vitro fermentation kinetics, methanogenesis, and total gas production of wheat straw in buffalo (Bubalus bubalis)]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-08-20T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Avijit Dey</author><author>Shubham Thakur</author><author>Sanjay Kumar</author><author>Tirtha Kumar Datta</author>
        <description><![CDATA[IntroductionWheat straw (WS) is one of the major crop residues and valuable feed resources for livestock reared by the resource-poor farmers of many Asian countries. Sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) is a cash crop produced all over the world for sugar production by the industries. Strategic supplementation of sugar beet pulp (SBP) to a WS-based diet could modulate rumen fermentation by supplying highly fermentable carbohydrates to rumen microbes, thereby improving utilization of WS. Therefore, the current study aimed to examine the influence of SBP in modulating rumen fermentation kinetics, volatile fatty acid production, enzyme activities, and methanogenesis of WS using rumen liquor of water buffalo.MethodsIn vitro fermentation kinetics was conducted using the automatic gas production system for 72 h at 39 °C with rumen liquor of buffalo.ResultsSupplementing SBP either at 10% or 20% to WS enhanced (p < 0.05) total gas production, potential gas production (b) and rate (per h) of gas production (c). Despite the enhanced (p < 0.05) true degradability of dry matter, organic matter digestibility, and metabolizable energy content of the composite feeds supplemented with SBP, methanogenesis was comparable (p > 0.05) to that in the control. The supplementation of SBP also enhanced (p < 0.05) volatile fatty acid production and fibrolytic enzyme activities (CMCase and xylanase).DiscussionThis study demonstrates that SBP, a widely available by-product of the sugar industry, could be an advisable choice to enhance the utilization of WS, thereby improving livestock productivity.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2026.1906498</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2026.1906498</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Development and epidemiological investigation of a TaqMan-based multiplex real-time quantitative PCR assay for simultaneous detection of five bovine viruses (BVDV, AKAV, BNoV, BEV, and BCoV)]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-08-20T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Hanjia Zhang</author><author>Yanbing Bai</author><author>Fan Zhang</author><author>Xuanyi Liu</author><author>Chunling Guo</author><author>Linyue Zhou</author><author>Ruichi Zhang</author><author>Sisi Wang</author><author>Qingfeng Meng</author><author>Hao Dong</author>
        <description><![CDATA[InroductionInfectious diseases caused by bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), Akabane virus (AKAV), bovine norovirus (BNoV), bovine enterovirus (BEV), and bovine coronavirus (BCoV) significantly threaten the cattle industry, resulting in substantial economic losses. These pathogens often present similar clinical signs, such as diarrhea, vomiting, and reproductive disorders in pregnant cattle, and frequent covert or mixed infections further complicate accurate diagnosis. Therefore, rapid, sensitive, and field‑deployable diagnostic methods are essential for effective disease surveillance and control in the cattle industry.MethodsIn this study, we report for the first time the establishment of a TaqMan‑based real‑time quantitative PCR (qPCR) assay that enables simultaneous detection of these five bovine viruses. Multiple sequence alignment of conserved genomic regions was performed, and virus‑specific primers and probes were designed and optimized using Beacon Designer 7 software. Subsequently, a TaqMan‑based multiplex real‑time qPCR assay was established for simultaneous detection of BVDV, AKAV, BNoV, BEV, and BCoV. The established detection method was applied to 200 clinical samples collected from 10 farms in multiple regions of Jilin Province.ResultsThe results showed that the detection rates for BVDV, AKAV, BNoV, BEV, and BCoV were 33.50%, 0.50%, 4.50%, 7.50%, and 12.00%, respectively. Mixed infections were detected in 9 samples co‑infected with two of the five pathogens, with an overall mixed infection rate of 4.50%. Compared with conventional PCR, coincidence rates were 100% for BVDV, AKAV, BNoV, BEV, and BCoV.DiscussionThese findings indicate that the TaqMan multiplex real‑time qPCR assay developed here demonstrates favorable specificity, sensitivity, and reproducibility. This assay enables efficient detection and surveillance of bovine viruses, offering a reliable technical tool for the diagnosis and control of corresponding viral diseases in cattle.]]></description>
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        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2026.1916007</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2026.1916007</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Dogs display context-dependent behavioral responses to subtle owner-derived multimodal stimuli]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-08-20T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Rio Ikeda</author><author>Maaya Saito</author><author>Yuki Iwata</author><author>Takumi Ozono</author><author>Tsige Tadesse Alemayoh</author><author>Takatomi Kubo</author><author>Ei-Ichi Izawa</author><author>Koichi Fujiwara</author><author>Toshitaka Yamakawa</author><author>Kazunori Ohno</author><author>Takefumi Kikusui</author><author>Miho Nagasawa</author>
        <description><![CDATA[IntroductionDogs (Canis familiaris) can discriminate explicit human emotions using various sensory modalities. However, their sensitivity to subtle human-derived emotional cues accompanied by physiological changes, but lacking clear behavioral cues, remains poorly understood. This study investigated whether dogs could perceive owner-derived emotional cues when suppressing explicit expressions.MethodsOwners were assigned to either stress or relaxation conditions designed to induce stress or relaxation, respectively. Following the experimental manipulation, facial video, voice, and olfactory samples were collected during a standardized reading task and simultaneously presented to the dogs. The behavioral responses and heart rate variability (HRV) of the dogs during stimulus presentation were recorded.ResultsOwners exhibited elevated physiological arousal during both the control and stress induction periods, whereas negative mood increased only during stress induction. In response to these owner-derived stimuli, dogs under the stress condition displayed greater stimulus-directed attention toward control-derived stimuli than toward stress-derived stimuli. No clear effects of condition or stimulus type on dog HRV were observed; however, SDNN-based physiological synchrony between owners and dogs tended to increase with stress-derived stimuli.DiscussionOur results suggest that dogs respond to complex owner-derived stimuli in a context-dependent manner. These findings suggest that dogs may respond to subtle combinations of owner-derived cues that reflect physiological arousal, subjective emotional state, and task-related influences.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2026.1910028</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2026.1910028</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Veterinary student wellbeing and its relationship with dog handling and fear responses during a clinical examination laboratory]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-08-20T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Lindsay Nakonechny</author><author>Viera Pulver</author><author>Elpida Artemiou</author><author>Anastasia Chiara Stellato</author>
        <description><![CDATA[IntroductionVeterinary care can be a significant source of fear and stress for dogs, and handling techniques play a key role in shaping these responses. Emerging evidence suggests that clinician mental wellbeing and stress can influence patient interactions. These challenges extend to veterinary students, who experience high stress during training and represent a critical population for understanding how these influences may emerge in clinical development. During a clinical examination laboratory, we aimed to assess (1) associations among veterinary students’ mental well-being and affective state, dog handling techniques, and dog fear responses, (2) whether dog fear responses were associated with students’ affective state, and (3) how students’ assessments of dog fear compared with investigator-rated fear scores.MethodsThird-year veterinary students (n = 66) performed physical examinations on dogs (n = 13) and communicated findings to a simulated client. Student mental well-being and affective state were measured using the WHO-5 and PANAS-SF, respectively. Following the laboratory, students rated the dog’s level of fear during the examination using a validated 5-item scale (0 = no fear, 4 = severe fear). Dog behavior and handling techniques were assessed from videos using one–zero sampling, with fear-related behaviors measured using an ethogram and the 5-item fear scale. Mixed regression models examined associations between student and examination factors, and dog fear outcomes.ResultsPassive handling was associated with lower dog fear scores and fear-related behaviors; whereas more restrictive techniques, including standing restraint, abdominal lift, and muzzle hold, were associated with higher fear scores and behaviors (e.g., avoidance, reduced posture, lip/snout licking). Students assigned lower dog fear scores compared to the investigator (p < 0.001). Student mental well-being and affective state was not associated with handling techniques or dog fear outcomes; however, negative affect decreased post-laboratory (p < 0.001) and was associated with higher student-rated dog fear scores (p = 0.017).DiscussionThese findings highlight the influence of handling techniques on dog fear responses during clinical training and suggest the need for enhanced education in behavior recognition. Although student well-being was not associated with dog handling, supporting resilience during training may foster positive clinical interactions throughout veterinary careers.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2026.1896506</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2026.1896506</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Territorial expansion and parasitic zoonoses: the pampas gray fox in Argentina as a case study and its educational potential for prevention]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-08-20T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Opinion</category>
        <author>Damian Alberto Lampert</author><author>Matias Russo</author>
        <description></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2026.1860743</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2026.1860743</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Association between animal welfare indicators and mastitis pathogens in bulk tank milk: the reality of small- and medium-scale dairy cattle farms in Italy]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-08-20T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Dáša Schleicherová</author><author>Jatziri Mota-Gutierrez</author><author>Claudio Forte</author><author>Laura Ozella</author><author>Francesca Fusi</author><author>Mario Vevey</author><author>Stefania Bergagna</author>
        <description><![CDATA[IntroductionAnimal welfare is increasingly recognized as a key determinant of dairy herd health, yet its relationship with the presence of mastitis pathogens at the herd level remains insufficiently explored. This study aimed to evaluate the association between animal welfare indicators and the presence of major mastitis pathogens in bulk tank milk (BTM) from dairy cattle herds in the Aosta Valley, Italy, while also characterizing microbial profiles using bacteriological culture and polymerase chain reaction (PCR).MethodsA broad microbiological screening was performed on unique BTM samples from 490 individual farms. Concurrently, a subset of 355 small- and medium-scale dairy cattle farms underwent detailed animal welfare assessments using the standardized ClassyFarm protocol. Data were collected by experienced assessors in northern Italy in 2022, with each farm visited once.ResultsThe median lactating herd size was 33 cows (IQR: 57–18) and included Aosta Red Pied and Aosta Black Pied cattle breeds. All farms were tie-stall in the Aosta Valley, where herds are grazed outdoors for most of the year and kept indoors in tied-stalls during winter. BC identified at least one pathogen in 73.5% of samples, with most positive samples exhibiting low diversity, predominantly single (48.6%) or dual-species (41.1%) profiles. Staphylococcus aureus (N = 281) and Streptococcus agalactiae (N = 148) were the most frequently isolated pathogens. In contrast, PCR revealed prevalence of polymicrobial contamination, with the majority of samples harboring four or more bacterial species and 44.4% containing ≥5 species. Logistic regression models built using the binary PCR outcomes for the 355-farm subset demonstrated consistent negative associations between animal welfare indicators and the presence of both S. agalactiae and S. aureus. Higher total animal welfare scores were associated with reduced odds of detection (S. agalactiae: OR = 0.943, p ≤ 0.001; S. aureus: OR = 0.948, p = 0.005), as were animal-based measures, farm management, and housing and equipment scores.DiscussionThese findings provide evidence that improved animal welfare is associated with a lower likelihood of major mastitis pathogens in BTM.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2026.1901312</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2026.1901312</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Epidemiological study of strongyle infections in equines in Egypt: prevalence and risk factors]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-08-19T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Abdelfattah Selim</author><author>Mohamed Marzok</author><author>Hattan S. Gattan</author><author>Mohammed H. Alruhaili</author><author>Hesham Ismail</author><author>Adel I. Almubarak</author><author>Abdelrahman M. Hereba</author>
        <description><![CDATA[BackgroundEquine strongylosis is one of the most prevalent gastrointestinal parasitic diseases affecting horses and donkeys worldwide, leading to reduced health, productivity, and working performance. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of gastrointestinal strongyle infection and identify associated risk factors among equines in three Egyptian governorates.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted on 540 horses and donkeys. Fresh fecal samples were collected and examined using the magnesium sulfate flotation technique for the detection of strongyle eggs. Associations between infection and potential risk factors were evaluated using chi-square analysis, followed by multivariable logistic regression to identify independent predictors of infection.ResultsThe overall prevalence of gastrointestinal strongyle infection was 39% (214/550). Horses showed a slightly higher prevalence (40%) than donkeys (37%). Infection was significantly associated with sex, age, management system, body condition score, and deworming history (P < 0.05). Multivariable logistic regression identified male sex (OR = 2.8, 95% CI: 1.7–4.4), age <2 years (OR = 3.1, 95% CI: 1.8–5.2), grazing management (OR = 3.4, 95% CI: 1.8–6.6), poor body condition (OR = 2.8, 95% CI: 1.3–5.9), and absence of regular deworming (OR = 4.1, 95% CI: 2.4–7.1) as significant independent risk factors for strongyle infection.ConclusionGastrointestinal strongyle infection is common among Egyptian equines and is associated with several management- and host-related factors. Improving grazing management, implementing strategic deworming programs, and enhancing owner awareness are likely to reduce infection risk and improve equine health and productivity. Future studies incorporating quantitative fecal egg counts and molecular characterization are recommended to better assess infection intensity and parasite diversity.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2026.1866908</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2026.1866908</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Comparative analysis of anesthetic protocols in spontaneously hypertensive rats with sepsis-induced hemodynamic instability]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-08-19T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Maria Alcione Silva Gomes</author><author>Aline Aparecida Macedo Marques</author><author>Gabriela Pereira da Silva</author><author>Luana Ale Bertoncello Pael</author><author>Maria Medina de Azevedo</author><author>Maria Luiza Fidelis da Silva</author><author>Joyner David Anaya Miranda</author><author>Bianca Viana Silva</author><author>Telma Lélia Gonçalves Schultz de Carvalho</author><author>Isabela Marafon Souza Féliz</author><author>Sílvia Beatriz Bürger Tinelli</author><author>Juliana Cappellari</author><author>Salviano Tramontin Bellettini</author><author>Emerson Luiz Botelho Lourenço</author><author>Arquimedes Gasparotto Junior</author>
        <description><![CDATA[IntroductionSepsis remains a significant clinical challenge characterized by complex inflammatory responses and hemodynamic instability, often modeled via cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). This study investigated the cardiovascular impacts of various anesthetic protocols in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) subjected to abdominal sepsis.MethodsSeptic SHR were allocated into five anesthetic groups: ketamine-xylazine, fentanyl-diazepam, fentanyl-dexmedetomidine, ketamine-dexmedetomidine, and inhaled isoflurane (2–3%), alongside an unanesthetized septic control. Evaluations included electrocardiography, arterial blood pressure monitoring, blood gas analysis, biochemical profiling, mesenteric vascular reactivity, and histopathology of the heart, kidney, and aorta.ResultsInjectable combinations (ketamine-xylazine, fentanyl-diazepam, fentanyl-dexmedetomidine, and ketamine-dexmedetomidine) induced significant electrocardiographic alterations, hypotension, tissue hypoxia, increased oxidative stress, and elevated serum creatinine. Conversely, isoflurane-anesthetized rats maintained hemodynamic and biochemical stability, showing no significant deviations from the septic control group.ConclusionIsoflurane demonstrated superior cardiovascular safety in hypertensive rats during sepsis-induced instability. These findings suggest that while isoflurane is the preferred anesthetic for this specific model, protocol selection must be tailored to the experimental context.]]></description>
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        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2026.1805112</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2026.1805112</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Mobilome-driven antimicrobial resistance in a one health context: evidence and lessons from Africa]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-08-19T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Review</category>
        <author>Zikora Kizito Glory Anyaegbunam</author><author>Yandev Doowuese</author><author>Chibuzor Kenneth Uwazie</author><author>Theophilus Ajanaobionye</author><author>Chinaka Chinwe Blessing</author><author>Emeter Nkoli Winifred</author><author>Onyekachi Philomena Okeke</author><author>Ifeanyi Elibe Mba</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is one of the most urgent global health threats and is increasingly recognized as a One Health challenge driven by interactions among human, animal, and environmental reservoirs. Central to the emergence and dissemination of AMR across these interfaces are mobile genetic elements (MGEs), which form an interconnected mobilome capable of transferring resistance genes across bacterial taxa and ecological niches. These elements facilitate the accumulation and spread of multidrug resistance determinants and are shaped by co-selective pressures operating at the animal–environment–human interface. Despite their critical role, genomic surveillance of MGEs remains limited, particularly in high-burden regions such as Africa. This narrative review synthesizes evidence from published genomic surveillance studies, primarily whole-genome sequencing–based analyses, to examine the distribution and dynamics of AMR genes and MGEs across One Health interfaces. We highlight animal–environmental systems as major hotspots for mobilome-driven resistance dissemination and also evaluate key advances, methodological approaches, and persistent surveillance challenges and gaps specific across Africa. By integrating findings from diverse genomic studies, and highlighting key lessons and implementation gaps from One Health studies across Africa, this review underscores the need for coordinated One Health surveillance strategies to better capture mobilome dynamics and inform sustainable AMR control efforts.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2026.1889103</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2026.1889103</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Hendra virus: research progress on a bat-borne threat lurking at the human-animal interface]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-08-19T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Review</category>
        <author>Yanqin Duan</author><author>Menghan Xu</author><author>Xuan Huang</author><author>Qi Liu</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Hendra virus (HeV) is a highly lethal zoonotic henipavirus that has caused recurrent cross-species spillover events in Australia since 1994. Its capacity for cross-species spillover, together with its tropism for vascular endothelial and neural tissues, makes HeV important to veterinary medicine and public health. Flying foxes are the natural reservoir hosts, and horses act as intermediate and amplifying hosts through which all confirmed human infections have occurred. Detection of antibodies and viral RNA from related henipaviruses in Southeast Asian bats indicates regional henipavirus diversity and a possible broader henipavirus spillover risk, but does not demonstrate HeV circulation or transmission in Southeast Asia. Human HeV infection is rare but can cause severe respiratory and neurological disease. From a veterinary-oriented One Health perspective, this review integrates current evidence on viral biology, transmission, clinical disease, diagnostics, animal models, equine vaccination, and clinical-stage vaccines and antibody-based interventions, with particular attention to HeV-g2-associated diagnostic challenges and the role of equine vaccination in reducing occupational exposure.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2026.1896929</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2026.1896929</link>
        <title><![CDATA[A color-coded atlas of the cortical surface anatomy of the equine brain]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-08-19T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Ahmad Al Aiyan</author><author>Sara Altamimy</author><author>Meera Almansoury</author><author>Rinsha Balan</author>
        <description><![CDATA[IntroductionThe horse has a highly gyrencephalic cerebrum; however, detailed references of equine cortical surface anatomy remain limited, and terminology inconsistencies continue to complicate comparative, clinical, and educational applications. This research focused on creating a standardized, high-resolution, color-coded atlas of equine brain sulci and gyri, based on the Nomina Anatomica Veterinaria (NAV).MethodsBrains from ten neurologically normal horses were examined. Following fixation and dissection, the sulci and gyri of the lateral, dorsal, rostral, and medial surfaces were documented, color-coded, and labeled according to NAV terminology.ResultsThe atlas documented a consistent lateral network dominated by the Sylvian fissure with an accessory Sylvian fissure at its origin, a three-limbed ectosylvian sulcus that subdivides the ectosylvian gyrus, a continuous suprasylvian sulcus, and a distinct oblique sulcus. Dorsally, the coronal, cruciate, and ansate sulci are complemented by a well-developed marginal complex (marginal, ectomarginal, and endomarginal sulci). Medially, the genual region is resolved into genual, endogenual, and ectogenual sulci; the callosal and cingulate sulci run in parallel; and the splenial complex (splenial, endosplenial, and ectosplenial) is consistently identifiable alongside the medial rhinal sulcus. Across specimens, major sulci and gyri were observed, with variation limited primarily to differences in sulcal depth and branching patterns.ConclusionThis standardized, color-coded surface atlas provides a detailed reference for equine cortical anatomy, facilitates cross-species comparison, and offers a practical anatomical resource for neuroimaging interpretation, anatomical orientation, and veterinary education. The atlas serves as a specimen-based resource that may provide an anatomical framework for future morphometric, developmental, and functional investigations.]]></description>
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        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2026.1816089</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2026.1816089</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Mode-dependent differences in kinetic and selected temporospatial gait parameters in healthy cats walking on a pressure-sensitive treadmill: a pilot study]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-08-19T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Monika Anna Mille</author><author>Dorothea Weissig</author><author>Britta Dobenecker</author><author>Erik Björn Mille</author><author>Yury Zablotski</author><author>Susanne Katja Lauer</author>
        <description><![CDATA[BackgroundStandardized and repeatable assessment of feline gait remains challenging, highlighting the need for controlled measurement systems such as pressure-sensitive treadmills.ObjectivesThis study aimed to compare kinetic and temporospatial gait parameters in healthy cats walking on a treadmill operated in standing vs. running mode. We hypothesized that no significant differences would be observed between modes.MethodsTen healthy adult cats were enrolled in a prospective, controlled crossover study. Inclusion criteria included body weight >4.0 kg, body condition score (BCS) 4–6/9, and age >24 months. Cats walked on a pressure-sensitive treadmill (FDM-T-CanidGait®, zebris Medical GmbH, Isny, Germany) under two conditions: standing mode (stationary belt) and running mode (moving belt). Five 2-min trials per mode were recorded. Kinetic and temporospatial gait parameters were assessed, including peak vertical force, vertical impulse, stride length, stance and swing phase duration, and step width. Right and left limb data were pooled and analyzed collectively as forelimbs (FL) and hindlimbs (HL). Data were analyzed using robust linear mixed-effects models (R 4.4.3), with significance set at p < 0.05.ResultsSignificant differences between treadmill modes were detected for peak vertical force and vertical impulse in both forelimbs and hindlimbs (p < 0.01). Forelimb swing and stance phase durations also differed significantly (p < 0.05). In contrast, stride length, step width, and hindlimb temporal parameters did not differ significantly between modes. Estimated differences were generally small in magnitude across variables.ConclusionIn healthy cats, stride length, step width, and hindlimb temporal parameters were comparable between standing and running treadmill modes. In contrast, kinetic variables (peak vertical force and vertical impulse) and forelimb stance and swing phase durations differed significantly between modes and should therefore be interpreted only within the same treadmill mode. These findings indicate that treadmill modes may be used interchangeably for selected temporospatial parameters but not for kinetic variables or forelimb temporal parameters.]]></description>
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        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2026.1889901</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2026.1889901</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Polyherbal therapy modulates survival, hematological parameters, and gill health in Aeromonas veronii-infected Cyprinus carpio]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-08-19T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Omed I. Abid</author><author>Nasreen M. Abdulrahman</author>
        <description><![CDATA[This study evaluated the protective effects of pomegranate peel, garlic, and a polyherbal mixture (PHM) against Aeromonas veronii-associated gill disease in common carp (Cyprinus carpio). A total of 234 healthy fish were allocated into 13 groups, including one uninfected control group and 12 experimentally infected groups. Infected fish received diets supplemented with oxytetracycline, garlic (2.5%, 5%, and 7.5%), pomegranate peel (2.5%, 5%, and 7.5%), or PHM at equivalent concentrations for 14 days. Untreated infected fish and garlic-treated groups exhibited 100% mortality within 14 days post-infection. In contrast, PHM supplementation significantly improved survival, achieving up to 94% survival (P < 0.05). PHM-treated fish also demonstrated improved hematological parameters, enhanced immune-associated responses, and reduced alterations in liver enzyme activities compared with infected controls. Histopathological examination revealed that PHM preserved gill architecture and reduced epithelial degeneration, necrosis, and hyperplasia associated with A. veronii infection. These findings demonstrate that dietary PHM supplementation enhances resistance to A. veronii infection and improves several health-related parameters in experimentally challenged common carp. The observed protective effects may be associated with the bioactive phytochemical constituents identified by GC–MS analysis; however, the precise mechanisms of action remain to be elucidated. Furthermore, additional studies are required to evaluate long-term safety under non-challenged conditions and to further characterize the biological activities of PHM.]]></description>
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        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2026.1812885</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2026.1812885</link>
        <title><![CDATA[A multicenter, retrospective, cross-sectional analysis of fresh and processed Vitis vinifera (grape) ingestion in dogs and cats]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-08-19T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Kara D. Altman</author><author>Tanvi A. Kamat</author><author>Lucy Leicester</author><author>Tim Fraser</author><author>David A. Singleton</author><author>Neus Elias Santo-Domingo</author>
        <description><![CDATA[IntroductionVitis vinifera fruits are common household toxicants and domestic pets are often presented to veterinarians following exposure due to risk of acute kidney injury.ObjectiveTo develop a regular expression–based method for identifying cases of Vitis vinifera fruit ingestion in electronic health records and to use this dataset to compare outcomes between fresh and processed exposures in canines and felines. Secondary aims were to characterize differences in outcome by species, demographics, seasonality, chocolate co-ingestion, and treatment patterns to inform risk stratification and management.MethodsA retrospective cross-sectional analysis was performed using emergency-care electronic health records from 64 United Kingdom–based private veterinary emergency centers between 2018 and 2024. Iteratively refined Python-based regular expressions were developed and validated to identify suspected or confirmed ingestion from free-text clinical narratives. Cases with confounding toxicities or incomplete records were excluded. Demographic, treatment, and outcome data were extracted. Mortality analyses were conducted by species with correction for multiple comparisons. Decision tree models were developed for canines and felines using stratified training and testing datasets with Bayesian hyperparameter optimization. Model performance was assessed using average precision on held-out data.Results31,425 probable canine cases and 1,030 probable feline cases were identified. Processed fruit ingestion was more common than fresh fruit ingestion in both species (canines: 61.6% versus 31.2%; felines: 65.0% versus 31.1%), with seasonal clustering in December (canines: 22.0%; felines: 15.5%). Mortality was 1.3%, significantly higher in felines (11.8%) than in canines (0.9%). Fresh fruit ingestion was associated with higher mortality in both species (canine relative risk 3.47; feline relative risk 3.13). Age was associated with mortality in both species, and increased weight was associated with mortality in canines only. Chocolate co-ingestion was not associated with increased mortality. Treatment differed by species, with emesis more common in canines and intravenous fluids more frequent in felines. Decision tree analysis identified decontamination as the strongest predictor of survival.Clinical significanceVitis vinifera ingestion is common in canine emergency presentations and less frequent but more fatal in felines. Fresh fruit ingestion carries higher mortality risk in both species. Gastrointestinal decontamination was the variable most strongly associated with favorable outcomes and supports prompt, species-specific management strategies.]]></description>
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        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2026.1925257</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2026.1925257</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Common recorded diagnoses in purebred vs. mixed-breed dogs: a multivariable analysis of primary-care electronic medical records in South Korea]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-08-19T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Isaac Yang</author><author>Ah-Young Kim</author><author>Ji-Su Baek</author><author>BokKyung Ku</author><author>Hye-Jin Jeong</author><author>Kyunghyun Lee</author>
        <description><![CDATA[IntroductionIn South Korea, the companion-dog population is strongly skewed toward a small number of small-breed purebred dogs, and distinguishing breed-type differences in recorded diagnoses from confounding by age, neuter status, and healthcare utilization is challenging in primary-care data.MethodsThis retrospective study used electronic medical records (EMRs) from primary-care veterinary clinics in South Korea, covering January 2016–December 2024, to compare the adjusted odds of the 20 most frequently recorded diagnoses between purebred and mixed-breed dogs. Records were standardized using Veterinary Nomenclature (VENOM) coding. For each condition, a separate multivariable logistic regression model estimated the adjusted odds ratio (aOR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for purebred status, adjusting for age, sex, neuter status, and visit frequency. Age was assigned as age at first recorded diagnosis for cases and last observed age for non-cases.Results and DiscussionAfter adjustment, purebred dogs showed higher odds of recorded diagnosis for nine conditions, including meningoencephalitis (aOR 2.77; 95% CI 1.17–6.57), intervertebral disc disorder (aOR 1.85; 95% CI 1.49–2.29), myxomatous mitral valve degeneration (aOR 1.57; 95% CI 1.46–1.68), and patellar luxation (aOR 1.54; 95% CI 1.38–1.71). Mammary neoplasm showed higher crude prevalence in mixed-breed dogs, and this association remained statistically significant after adjustment for binary neuter status (aOR 0.80; 95% CI 0.68–0.95; Adj p = 0.0202), likely reflecting unmeasured confounding by the timing of neutering. Ten conditions, including chronic kidney disease and unspecified dermatitis, showed no statistically significant difference between groups. These findings indicate breed-type differences in the odds of recorded diagnoses in a Korean primary-care EMR dataset rather than true disease risk or causal effects. Because the cohort was dominated by small-breed dogs and the analyses could not fully account for body size, follow-up duration, detection bias, or diagnostic-coding heterogeneity, the observed associations may reflect breed composition, morphology, owner behavior, healthcare access, and recording practices in addition to underlying biological differences.]]></description>
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        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2026.1924842</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2026.1924842</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Comprehensive analysis of differential mRNA, lncRNA and circRNA and their ceRNA network in the Longissimus Dorsi Muscle of Jerseyyak in response to dietary protein levels]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-08-19T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Guowu Yang</author><author>Bin Ma</author><author>Yongfu La</author><author>Xiaoming Ma</author><author>Xiaoyun Wu</author><author>Min Chu</author><author>Xian Guo</author><author>Lei Wang</author><author>Chunnian Liang</author>
        <description><![CDATA[IntroductionThe Jersey-yak, a hybrid offspring of Jersey cattle and yak, exhibits characteristics such as strong adaptability, rapid growth and development, and outstanding production performance. Therefore, Jersey-yaks were fed diets with different crude protein (CP) levels (0%, 15.16%, and 17.90% CP, respectively), and the regulatory mechanisms underlying their growth and development were elucidated.MethodsIn this study, we generated transcriptomic profiles of lncRNAs, circRNAs, miRNAs, and mRNAs from the skeletal muscle tissues of Jersey-yaks, and constructed a ceRNA network using differentially expressed RNAs.ResultsWe identified 429, 298, and 84 differentially expressed mRNAs, 394, 356, and 302 differentially expressed lncRNAs, 212, 234, and 20 differentially expressed circRNAs, and 6, 7, and 6 differentially expressed miRNAs in LP vs. MP, LP vs. HP, and MP vs. HP, respectively. These genes were found to be involved in signaling pathways related to skeletal muscle development, cell proliferation, and differentiation, such as the PI3K-Akt, MAPK, HIF-1, Wnt, and Notch signaling pathways. The ceRNA network mainly comprised 6 miRNAs, 6 circRNAs, 8 mRNAs, and multiple lncRNAs. These interactions may affect specific biological processes involved in the growth and development of Jersey-yaks. In addition, association analysis identified genes such as LASP1, DUSP29, and PDLIM7.DiscussionThese findings provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying muscle development in yak and their hybrids.]]></description>
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        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2026.1880121</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2026.1880121</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Physical simulation models for veterinary surgical training: a systematic review]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-08-19T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Systematic Review</category>
        <author>Javier Salas-Guerra</author><author>Juan A. Sánchez-Margallo</author><author>David Durán-Rey</author><author>Francisco M. Sánchez-Margallo</author>
        <description><![CDATA[IntroductionSimulation has become an increasingly important educational strategy in veterinary surgical training. This is driven by ethical considerations, the need to standardize skill acquisition, and limitations associated with training based on live animals and cadavers. However, the characteristics, scope, and validation of simulators used in veterinary surgery remain heterogeneous and insufficiently systematized. This study aimed to systematically review and characterize the simulators used in veterinary surgical education, focusing on their characteristics, applications, and validations. This should also identify current limitations and potential future research directions.MethodsA systematic review was conducted following the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. The PubMed and Web of Science databases were searched to identify studies on the use of physical simulators in veterinary surgical training published between July 2016 and July 2026. Studies based solely on cadavers, ex vivo models, virtual reality simulators, and those not focused on veterinary practice, were excluded. The results were synthesized descriptively using predefined categorical frameworks.ResultsA total of 1,409 articles were identified, of which 78 studies were ultimately included. Most simulators were low fidelity (55%) and developed in academic settings. High-fidelity simulators were predominantly commercial (79%). The majority of the simulators identified were canine models (42%) or box trainers (21%), with a focus on sterilization procedures. Comparatively limited representation was found for other species and surgical specialties. Validation approaches were heterogeneous, with face, content and construct validity being the most frequently reported.ConclusionPhysical simulators are widely used in veterinary surgical education, but their development remains uneven across species, specialties, and validation standards. There is a clear need for higher-fidelity, species-diverse simulators, as well as more rigorous and standardized validation frameworks to strengthen the educational and clinical impact of simulation-based training.]]></description>
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        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2026.1860638</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2026.1860638</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Motivational factors and financial incentives to mitigate tail biting in pig production in Finland]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-08-19T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Minna Väre</author><author>Hilkka Koskikallio</author><author>Mari Heinonen</author><author>Miina Tuominen-Brinkas</author><author>Camilla Munsterhjelm</author><author>Anna Valros</author><author>Jarkko K. Niemi</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Tail biting affects the health and welfare of pigs, the quality of pig carcasses, and the profitability of production in both weaner and finishing pig production. There are specific quality criteria for weaned pigs, and tail damage can lead to a reductions in the purchase price of weaner pigs as well as to carcass rejections at the slaughterhouse. Although this issue is important, research has paid little attention to tail biting in weaner pig production. The present study aimed to investigate the impact of various motivational factors and economic incentives on the management of tail biting on Finnish pig farms and to assess the costs of tail biting in weaner pig production. The data were collected by interviewing representatives of 15 farms producing finishing pigs and 10 farms producing weaner pigs during 2021–2022. The interviews covered risk factors for tail biting and the factors that most motivated producers to reduce the occurrence of tail biting. Additionally, using a calculation model, the economic significance of tail biting in nurseries was assessed. The interviewed farmers were very or fairly motivated to address tail biting when they observed it on their own farms. Half of the representatives from farms producing weaner pigs found that the management measures were laborious to implement. The economic incentives that most motivated farmers producing weaner pigs to address tail biting were obtaining a better price for intact-tailed (undocked tails with no tail lesions) pigs and financial support for measures to manage tail biting. Representatives of finishing farms were most motivated by the decrease in carcass condemnations and increase in meat prices. The results suggest that the desire to produce healthy pig with high welfare also motivated Finnish farmers. According to the calculation model and a hypothetical scenario, tail biting in weaner pig production can cause a loss of up to approximately €32 per bitten pig in Finland, taking into account possible effects during the finishing phase, reduced growth, treatment of the tail-damaged pig, and various income losses and additional costs. As the consequences of tail biting can be substantial, it is important that farmers are informed about the potential financial losses and impairment of animal welfare in the event of tail biting occurrence as well as possible means to mitigate and prevent tail biting.]]></description>
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        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2026.1906488</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2026.1906488</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Development and field validation of a large-volume bag-based whole-blood collection method in donor dairy cows]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-08-19T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Methods</category>
        <author>Filippo Rigo</author><author>Luca Panozzo</author><author>Giacomo Catarin</author><author>Margherita Soncin</author><author>Antonio Barberio</author><author>Flaviana Gottardo</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Obtaining sterile anticoagulated whole-blood units is a key prerequisite for downstream laboratory and clinical applications involving blood-derived products. In bovine medicine, however, published information on blood collection into bags is mainly embedded in transfusion-oriented references or broader downstream studies, while formal validation of donor-oriented collection methods remains limited. The aim of this study was to develop and field-validate a large-volume bag-based method for whole-blood collection in donor dairy cows under commercial farm conditions. Whole-blood collections were performed in clinically healthy donor dairy cows using a jugular venipuncture protocol that was progressively refined during field validation. A true sequential multi-bag setup, enabled by extension tubing and a perforable connection device, was introduced on 24 October 2022. Protocol validation was based primarily on procedural success, defined as a bacteriologically negative blood unit with a collected volume of at least 400 mL per bag. A total of 294 procedures were included. Overall, 228/294 procedures (77.6%) were classified as successful, 48/294 (16.3%) as suboptimal, and 18/294 (6.1%) as failed. The median collected volume per procedure was 410 mL (IQR 400–430; range 124.5–1,280 mL). Overall, 276/294 collections (93.9%) were bacteriologically negative. Within the single-bag phase, later collection dates were associated with a lower probability of bacteriological positivity, supporting a learning-curve effect on microbiological reliability. Later implementation of the sequential multi-bag setup was associated with a higher total volume per procedure, without an apparent loss of microbiological safety. In conclusion, this large-volume bag-based protocol proved feasible for whole-blood collection in donor dairy cows under field conditions and may provide a practical upstream basis for subsequent laboratory applications and downstream processing workflows.]]></description>
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        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2026.1893786</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2026.1893786</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Cross-border introduction risk of Rift Valley fever virus: surveillance evidence from intercepted livestock in southwestern Saudi Arabia]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-08-19T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Mohamed Siddig Alarabi</author><author>A. A. Altaher</author><author>Ommer M. Dafalla</author><author>Abdulla Ali Alashour</author><author>Fisal A. Bushlaibi</author><author>Fahad N. Abukhalil</author><author>Osama Ahmed Hassan</author><author>Abdelnassir Ahmed Taha</author>
        <description><![CDATA[IntroductionRift Valley fever (RVF) is a mosquito-borne transboundary zoonotic disease with major implications for animal and public health. Following the 2000 outbreak in Saudi Arabia and Yemen, the risk of reintroduction through cross-border livestock movement remains a continuing concern. This study aimed to estimate the seroprevalence of Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) among illegally introduced livestock intercepted in the Jazan region of southwestern Saudi Arabia and to assess the added value of combined serological and molecular testing for detecting recent infection under routine surveillance conditions.MethodsCross-sectional study was conducted using routine diagnostic data from confiscated livestock intercepted between January 2017 and December 2019.Results and discussionA total of 2,202 serum samples from sheep, cattle, and camels were screened using a commercial competitive ELISA kit (ID.vet, France). Seroreactive samples were further characterized using IgM ELISA and real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Seroprevalence estimates were calculated with 95% confidence intervals (CI) and by species and year of collection. Agreement between IgM ELISA and RT-PCR was evaluated using Cohen’s kappa coefficient. Overall, 38 of 2,202 samples were cELISA-positive, giving an RVFV seroprevalence of 1.7% (95% CI: 1.3–2.4). Of the Seroreactive samples, 6/38 (15.8%; 95% CI: 7.4–30.4) were IgM-positive, indicating recent infection. Three samples were RT-PCR-confirmed, and all molecularly confirmed cases were also IgM-positive. Agreement between IgM and PCR was moderate (κ = 0.62). Seroprevalence was higher in sheep than cattle, but without statistical significance (OR = 1.61; 95% CI: 0.82–3.17; p = 0.190). These findings provide surveillance-based evidence of RVFV exposure and recent infection among livestock intercepted at a high-risk border interface. They support illegal cross-border livestock movement as a potential pathway for RVFV introduction, while not establishing the geographic source or transmission route. Strengthening integrated laboratory surveillance, border biosecurity, and One Health coordination is essential for early detection and risk reduction.]]></description>
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