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        <title>Frontiers in Veterinary Science | New and Recent Articles</title>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/veterinary-science</link>
        <description>RSS Feed for Frontiers in Veterinary Science | New and Recent Articles</description>
        <language>en-us</language>
        <generator>Frontiers Feed Generator,version:1</generator>
        <pubDate>2026-05-06T20:31:05.441+00:00</pubDate>
        <ttl>60</ttl>
        <item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2026.1828393</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2026.1828393</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Assessment of testicular echotexture in young boars and its correlation with future semen production]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-05-06T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Carolina L. A. Da Silva</author><author>Aston Bull</author><author>Lihandi van Niekerk</author><author>Kyla Ripley</author><author>Rodrigo M. Godinho</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Computer-assisted image analysis of testicular ultrasonography (US) can be used to assess testicular structure by objectively quantifying the brightness of pixels from US images [testicular echotexture]. In this study, testicular echotexture was assessed using B-mode testicular US in boars (n = 110) at 22, 24 and 26 weeks of age to obtain the echotexture traits such as: DKL (number of grey pixels) and Tubular Density [TUD, density of hypoechogenic areas, that is, seminiferous tubules (μm/cm2)]. Ejaculates (n = 2,498) were analysed for total number of sperm cells (TC, billion), motility and progressive motility 0 h (M0h, PM0h, %), and normal morphology (NM, %). LS means for US and semen traits were calculated per boar (Proc GLM, SAS), corrected for boar nested in line, weight (kg), age (weeks), and test month nested in season. Pearson’s correlation (Proc Corr, SAS) was used to assess the correlation between boar’s LS means (Least Square means) for US and semen traits. DKL was not significantly (p > 0.05) different in boars at 22 (158.1 ± 0.8), 24 (159.0 ± 0.7) and 26 weeks of age (158.9 ± 0.8), but TUD decreased (p < 0.05) from 22 weeks (106.0 ± 1.3) to 24 or 26 weeks (98.4 ± 1.0 and 98.1 ± 1.1 μm/cm2), showing an increase in testicular echogenicity with age, which happens during sexual development. DKL had a negative correlation (p < 0.05) with the TC (R = −0.54), M0h (R = −0.19), PM0h (R = −0.42), and NM (R = −0.40). TUD had a positive correlation (p < 0.05) with TC (R = 0.51) and with NM (R = 0.32). Thus, boars with higher tubular density produced a higher number of sperm cells with fewer morphological abnormalities, while boars with a higher number of grey pixels showed the opposite. Since DKL can be measured at 22 weeks of age, it could be the trait of choice for early selection of boars for productivity. This early selection could reduce the costs of semen production. Further research is needed to define the genetic basis of these traits, assess their relevance for breeding programs, and evaluate whether echotexture parameters can serve as objective markers of puberty onset in boars.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2026.1829423</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2026.1829423</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Pronounced inter-gilt variability in the secretory activity of day 11 porcine embryos]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-05-05T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Brief Research Report</category>
        <author>Morgan S. Clemens</author><author>Claire Stenhouse</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Early porcine embryos undergo rapid growth and extensive physiological remodeling during the peri-implantation period. Despite the importance of this developmental window for establishment of pregnancy, the degree of biological variation among embryos and animals during this stage remains poorly characterized. The objective of this study was to evaluate secretory activity of porcine embryos on gestational day (GD) 11 and to determine the relative contribution of embryonic sex compared with inter-animal variability. Gilts (n = 3) were euthanized and hysterectomized on GD 11, embryos were recovered, individually cultured for 24 h, and subsequently sexed by polymerase chain reaction. Concentrations of estradiol and interleukin-1β (IL1B) in spent culture media were quantified by ELISA, and the expression of interleukin-1β2 (IL1B2) mRNA was assessed by quantitative PCR. Differences in estradiol and IL1B concentrations in media (p ≤ 0.0001), as well as in the embryonic expression of IL1B2 mRNA (p ≤ 0.0001) were observed among gilts. In contrast, there was no effect of embryonic sex on estradiol or IL1B concentrations in media, or embryonic IL1B2 mRNA expression (p > 0.10) in the current dataset. These results demonstrate substantial inter-animal variation in secretory activity of GD11 porcine embryos. The magnitude of this variability exceeded any detectable effect of embryonic sex and highlights the dynamic and heterogeneous nature of early embryo development in pigs. Consideration of this biological variation should be of high importance when designing and interpreting studies investigating early conceptus physiology.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2026.1819023</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2026.1819023</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Antimicrobial resistance, genetic diversity and virulence associated factors of Campylobacter spp. isolated from poultry meat in Algeria]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-05-05T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Radia Bouhamed</author><author>Taha-Mossadak Hamdi</author><author>Cemil Kurekci</author><author>Herbert Tomaso</author><author>Heinrich Neubauer</author><author>Hosny El-Adawy</author>
        <description><![CDATA[BackgroundCampylobacter is the most common cause of bacterial food infections worldwide. In Algeria, data regarding the epidemiology, antimicrobial resistance and virulence of Campylobacter remain limited. This study aimed to investigate the antimicrobial resistance, genotyping and virulence associated mechanism of Campylobacter isolated from slaughterhouses in Algeria.MethodsA total of 133 pooled poultry samples were collected from five slaughterhouses in Algiers. Campylobacter spp. was differentiated and the antimicrobial susceptibility testing against 12 antimicrobial agents was assessed using Kirby-Bauer-Method. The tetO gene and mutations in the gyrA gene associated with tetracyclines and fluoroquinolone resistance were investigated, respectively. The potential associated genes were screened. The flaA typing for isolated Campylobacter was performed using PCR-RFLP.ResultsCampylobacter spp. was detected in 28 (21.05%) poultry samples. The prevalence was significantly higher in caecal samples (61.11%) than in neck skin samples (14.78%). Among 28 isolates, 19 (67.86%), 8 (28.57%) and 1 (3.57%) were identified as Campylobacter coli, Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter lari, respectively. High levels of resistance to fluoroquinolones (92.86%), nalidixic acid (96.43%) and tetracycline (85.71%) were observed. Multidrug resistance to three or more classes of antimicrobial agents was ranged between 7.14 and 28.57%. The tetO gene was amplified in 20 (83.3%) phenotypic tetracycline resistant isolates while mutations in the gyrA gene associated with fluoroquinolone resistance were detected in 84.62% (22/26) of isolates. Campylobacter spp. was differentiated into 16 genotypes and two isolates from human were belonged to two different flaA genotypes. All 19 Campylobacter coli isolates carried cadF and cdtA, while racR, dnaJ, cdtB and cdtC were detected in 36.84, 36.84, 84.21 and 52.63%, respectively. In turkeys, 22.22% of Campylobacter coli and 100% of Campylobacter jejuni harbored all virulence associated genes.ConclusionThese findings emphasize the importance of integrated surveillance of Campylobacter across animal and human sectors to mitigate public health risks.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2026.1774228</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2026.1774228</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Effects of TRIB3 gene overexpression and interference on lipid metabolism in mammary epithelial cells of yaks]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-05-05T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Jiale Zheng</author><author>Fan Lei</author><author>Shiang Liu</author><author>Yaqin Zhao</author><author>Ziyu Zhang</author><author>Baoxia Dong</author><author>Huina Feng</author><author>Haixia Jing</author>
        <description><![CDATA[TRIB3 often acts as a negative regulator of lipid metabolism in the body, however, little is known about the effect of TRIB3 on milk lipid metabolism in YMECs. Therefore, we investigated the functional role of TRIB3 in lipid metabolism in vitro by transfecting YMECs with an overexpression vector and an interference vector. The results showed that after overexpression of TRIB3, the mRNA expression levels of 10 genes related to milk fat metabolism in YMECs were very significantly downregulated (p < 0.01), the total triglyceride content was very significantly decreased (p < 0.001), lipid droplet accumulation was reduced, and the protein expression level of p-Akt was very significantly decreased (p < 0.01). The downregulation of the above protein levels was weakened by the addition of the Akt phosphorylation agonist SC76. After interference with TRIB3, the expression levels of 9 genes related to milk fat metabolism in YMECs were very significantly upregulated (p < 0.01), the total triglyceride content was very significantly increased (p < 0.01), lipid droplet accumulation was increased, and the protein expression levels of p-Akt (p < 0.01), PPARg (p < 0.05) and p-mTOR (p < 0.01) were very significantly upregulated. The upregulation of the above protein levels was reversed by the addition the Akt phosphorylation inhibitor MK2206. These results indicated that the TRIB3 gene negatively regulates lipid synthesis in YMECs. TRIB3 affects lipid metabolism by inhibiting Akt phosphorylation, which lays a theoretical foundation for further studies on lipid metabolism in YMECs and for improving yak milk quality.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2026.1798669</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2026.1798669</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Nano/microencapsulation of feed additives for ruminal microbiome modulation and enteric methane mitigation in ruminants: a critical review]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-05-05T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Review</category>
        <author>Edwin Oswaldo Botia Carreño</author><author>Mona Mohamed Mohamed Yasseen Elghandour</author><author>Pasquale De Palo</author><author>Aristide Maggiolino</author><author>Maria De Angelis</author><author>Abdelfattah Zeidan Mohamed Salem</author>
        <description><![CDATA[The latest advances in nutrition, microbiology, and omics sciences are redefining strategies to improve health indices and productivity in livestock. A novel strategy focuses on the deliberate modulation of rumen and intestinal microbiome ecosystems, which, besides being complex, are crucial for animal performance. The use of feed additives, such as bioactive compounds derived from plants and probiotics, has a long tradition supported by their known antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties, among others. However, their practical efficacy is often compromised by their high susceptibility to degradation. Environmental factors such as light, temperature, and harsh conditions like extreme pH and enzymatic and microbiota activity in the gastrointestinal tract of livestock can inactivate these compounds before they reach their site of action to exert the beneficial effects mentioned above. To solve this challenge, nanotechnology, specifically micro- and nanoencapsulation techniques, presents an innovative solution. These strategies can protect bioactive compounds, providing controlled release and targeted delivery to specific absorption sites. This design not only optimizes probiotic survival and bioavailability of bioactive compounds but also facilitates more effective modulation of ruminal and intestinal microbial communities. Recent evidence indicates that this modulation translates into tangible productive benefits, such as better nutrient absorption and higher energy efficiency, positively impacting parameters like milk production. Additionally, these encapsulation techniques improve the efficiency of these bioactive compounds to mitigate enteric methane emissions by altering ruminal fermentation patterns. This review critically analyzes the mechanisms, applications, and potential of encapsulation technologies in ruminant production. Special emphasis is placed on how these delivery systems represent a significant advance toward precision nutrition. Indeed, the efficacy of encapsulation for microbiota manipulation and toxicological challenges for safe and sustainable implementation is discussed. This critical review addresses the following questions: (1) Under what conditions could encapsulation offer real advantages over traditional additives in ruminant livestock? (2) Are there biologically significant differences between nano- and microencapsulation in the ruminal environment? (3) How are changes in the ruminal microbiota translated into productive performance and environmental impact? (4) What is the balance between productive and environmental sustainability benefits versus the toxicological risks of nanomaterials?]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2026.1789084</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2026.1789084</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Integrative analysis of 16S rRNA sequencing and network pharmacology suggests protective effects of Sihuang Zhili Granules against APEC O78 challenge through gut homeostasis-related changes]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-05-05T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Zikai Guo</author><author>Xiaoran Wang</author><author>Danwei Cai</author><author>Zhennan Guo</author><author>Pi Cheng</author><author>Jianguo Zeng</author><author>Hua Liu</author><author>Yisong Liu</author>
        <description><![CDATA[IntroductionAvian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) infection poses a serious threat to the poultry industry and is increasingly difficult to control because of antimicrobial resistance.MethodsThis study combined microbiota analysis and network pharmacology to investigate the protective effects of Sihuang Zhili Granules (SH) against APEC O78 challenge.ResultsPhenotypic analyses showed that SH treatment reduced mortality, partially improved growth-related performance, and alleviated histopathological lesions in the heart, liver, and spleen. At the mechanistic level, SH treatment was associated with increased mRNA expression of intestinal tight junction-related genes, including Occludin and Claudin-3, reduced serum levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α, and improvement in selected serum biochemical disturbances induced by APEC O78 challenge. 16S rRNA gene sequencing showed that SH treatment was associated with changes in cecal microbiota composition, including a lower relative abundance of Escherichia–Shigella and enrichment of taxa such as members of the Ruminococcaceae family. Integrative network pharmacology and molecular docking analyses further suggested that compounds such as eupatorin and oroxylin A may participate in host responses to APEC infection through candidate inflammation- and barrier-related pathways.DiscussionThese findings support the potential of SH as a candidate intervention for APEC O78-associated disease in broilers, while the precise microbiota-related and molecular mechanisms require further experimental validation.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2026.1755025</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2026.1755025</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Multiple malignant primary tumors in dogs: an Italian registry-based epidemiological study]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-05-05T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Maria Ines Crescio</author><author>Cristiano Cocumelli</author><author>Azzurra Carnio</author><author>Andrea Carvelli</author><author>Niccolò Fonti</author><author>Aitor Garcia-Vozmediano</author><author>Valentina Galietta</author><author>Claudia Eleni</author><author>Francesco Ingravalle</author><author>Elisabetta Manuali</author><author>Carmen Maresca</author><author>Francesca Millanta</author><author>Elisabetta Razzuoli</author><author>Paola Scaramozzino</author><author>Sara Simeoni</author><author>Marta Vascellari</author><author>Claudia Zanardello</author><author>Giuseppe Ru</author>
        <description><![CDATA[BackgroundIn human oncology, patients diagnosed with a primary malignant tumor are known to have an increased risk of developing subsequent malignancies. In veterinary medicine, however, registry-based studies investigating multiple malignant primary tumors (mMPTs) in dogs remain scarce. The increasing longevity of companion dogs, along with advances in diagnostics and therapies, underscores the importance of understanding the epidemiology and biological determinants of mMPTs.ObjectivesThis study aimed to assess the proportional occurrence and patterns of mMPTs in dogs diagnosed with malignant tumors, from four Regional Italian cancer registries integrated within the NILOV (Italian Network of Laboratories for Veterinary Oncology) between 2013 and 2024.MethodsA total of 16,618 canine cancer records were analyzed. Tumors were classified according to the Vet-ICD-O-Canine-1 system. Proportional morbidity ratios (PMRs) were estimated using multilevel mixed-effects Poisson regression models (random effects: subject and registry), stratified by sex, age, breed, and time, both including and excluding mammary gland tumors. Associations between tumor histotypes were evaluated using χ2 tests and network co-occurrence analysis (netCoin R package).ResultsmMPTs were identified in 11.3% of oncologic dogs, with age and sex emerging as the associated factors. The risk increased progressively with age, peaking in dogs aged ≥12 years (PMR ≈ 7.3, 95% CI: 3.7–14.6). Females showed a modestly higher probability than males (PMR ≈ 1.3, 95% CI: 1.2–1.5). Breed had only a marginal effect, while the later registry period (2019–2024) showed a slight, likely artefactual decrease. Network analyses demonstrated that tumor co-occurrence is not random but organized in biologically meaningful clusters.ConclusionThis first large-scale, registry-based analysis of mMPTs in Italian dogs demonstrates that multiple malignancies are relatively common and influenced primarily by age and sex. The findings highlight the value of integrated cancer registries in veterinary oncology and support comparative studies aimed at uncovering shared mechanisms of oncogenesis across species.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2026.1761652</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2026.1761652</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Standardization of coagulometric tests in griffon vultures (Gyps fulvus): PT, aPTT and factor V reference values]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-05-05T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Juan A. De Pablo-Moreno</author><author>Andrea Miguel-Batuecas</author><author>Jaime Carretero</author><author>Fernando González</author><author>Alberto Alvarado-Piqueras</author><author>Manuel Fuertes-Recuero</author><author>Jose Antonio García</author><author>Luis Revuelta</author>
        <description><![CDATA[The avian coagulation system has structural and functional features hinder the direct application of commercial diagnostic products developed for humans. Griffon vultures (Gyps fulvus) are frequently admitted to wildlife rehabilitation centers with coagulation disorders due to lead or rodenticide poisoning. These disorders are challenging to diagnose due to the absence of reference intervals and validated coagulometric measurement protocols. The aim of this study was to standardize the measurement of prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), and coagulation factor V (FV) in griffon vultures using diagnostic reagents from human medicine, while also analyzing for differences according to sex, cause of admission, and weight. Plasma samples from 17 healthy individuals were analyzed using a semi-automated coagulometer and standard calibration reagents for human use. A specific protocol was established for the analysis of griffon vulture plasma using human diagnostic reagents adapted for the analysis. PT, INR, and FV could be successfully assessed under these conditions, allowing the establishment of reference intervals, whereas aPTT values were markedly prolonged and highly variable. These results allow for the establishment of a standardized protocol for accurately assessing coagulation in griffon vultures, which may serve as a reference for other avian species. The protocol could improve the clinical follow-up of cases of lead or rodenticide poisoning and ultimately contribute to wildlife conservation.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2026.1809427</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2026.1809427</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Strengthening one-health in the Caribbean: a critical priority for the Americas]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-05-05T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Opinion</category>
        <author>Luis Pablo Hervé-Claude</author><author>Juan Pablo Villanueva Cabezas</author><author>María José Navarrete-Talloni</author><author>Christa Gallagher</author>
        <description></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2026.1804982</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2026.1804982</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Animal disease traceability: evaluation of simulated foot-and-mouth disease outbreak metrics with implementation of improved contact tracing of cattle]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-05-05T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>MaRyka Renae Smith</author><author>Michael W. Sanderson</author>
        <description><![CDATA[IntroductionIn the event of a Foot-and-Mouth Disease (FMD) introduction in the United States (US) animal health officials will need to rapidly trace infected animals and their contacts. Electronic identification (EID) and digital tracing of cattle could improve the speed and accuracy of tracing efforts. This study evaluated the impacts of improving cattle traceability during an FMD outbreak in the US.MethodsInterSpread Plus (ISP) was used to simulate FMD outbreaks with a US national livestock population file and animal movement parameters. Scenarios were defined by starting location (California, Nebraska, Texas, New Mexico, New York, and Tennessee), farm type (dairy, feedlot, stocker, cow calf), detection day (8, 14, or 21), and tracing level. The tracing levels represented the current speed and accuracy in the US, a partial EID tracing or an ideal EID tracing implementation. A secondary objective investigated decreasing the geographical size of control areas and surveillance zones under the ideal tracing level. We assessed outcome metrics (infected premises (IPs), outbreak duration, and number of farms under surveillance or in control areas) using a calculation of difference between scenarios and bootstrap confidence interval estimation.Results and discussionImproved tracing showed the largest potential for decreasing outbreak size when the outbreaks were detected on day 21. The distribution of IPs decreased consistently at the median and beyond with some scenarios showing decreases as low as the 10th percentile. Similar trends were seen in the duration of outbreaks and number of farms in surveillance zones. When the size of control areas and surveillance zones decreased, the number of IPs tended to increase while the number of farms under surveillance decreased in some scenarios and increased in others. Our results support the value of improved cattle traceability that is rapid and accurate for decreasing the risk of large FMD outbreaks in the US. An improved traceability system could also decrease demands for human labor to conduct traces and surveillance during the outbreak, and improve business continuity of producers during and outbreak. More research into the economic trade-offs and EID feasibility are needed to determine the best implementation of EID tracing systems]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2026.1729697</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2026.1729697</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Automatic gait analysis in canines using computer vision]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-05-05T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Review</category>
        <author>Brian Phelan</author><author>Turlough Mc Nally</author><author>Laura Cuddy</author><author>Gerard Lacey</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Automated canine gait analysis using computer vision has the potential to extend objective canine gait assessment beyond specialized, controlled laboratories into domestic environments, but the field is comparatively less mature than human methods. This review explores the state-of-the-art for vision-based canine gait analysis, with a particular emphasis on single-camera (monocular) articulated pose and shape reconstruction, along with the extraction and interpretation of clinically relevant gait parameters. Across the literature, current pipelines reconstruct anatomical and surface representations of canines from images and video, yet rarely achieve the biomechanical fidelity or validation against gold-standard references such as motion capture, pressure walkways or fluoroscopy. Three requirements emerge from the literature: robust monocular 3D reconstruction sufficiently accurate to measure soft-tissue artifacts (approximately 10–20 mm), a standardized set of gait parameters aligned to veterinary assessment practices, and a shift from parts-based to holistic gait analysis. We highlight priority research directions to improve monitoring of canine gait in real-world settings including breed-representative datasets, synthetic training data to real-world data adaption, and ensemble learning for pathology identification. Addressing these gaps could allow for objective, longitudinal monitoring of canine gait in both veterinary practices and domestic environments. We advocate for increased interdisciplinary collaboration to foster innovation and establish new standards in the field.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2026.1797693</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2026.1797693</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Molecular characterization of Coxiella burnetii in livestock species in Isiolo County, Kenya and the associated risks factors for seropositivity]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-05-04T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Enock Kiprono</author><author>Hussein M. Abkallo</author><author>Richard Nyamota</author><author>Lynn J. Kirwa</author><author>Reuben Mwangi</author><author>Athman Mwatondo</author><author>Eugine Mukhaye</author><author>Mathew Muturi</author><author>Joel L. Bargul</author><author>James M. Akoko</author><author>Bernard Bett</author>
        <description><![CDATA[BackgroundCoxiella burnetii is the causative agent of Q fever, a zoonotic infection that poses serious threats to both animal and human health, particularly in the Global South. It infects livestock such as cattle, sheep and goats including wildlife and can lead to both agricultural and economic losses.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted to collect blood and serum samples from aborted livestock; 18 Cattle, 22 Sheep, and 72 goats from March 2022 to August 2023. The samples were screened for antibodies against Coxiella burnetii and the nucleic acids for Coxiella, respectively. Before the onset of our study, all the three livestock species; goats, cattle and sheep in Kinna ward were first sampled to determine the presence of C. burnetii. A total of 275 collected samples were screened for prior exposure of C. burnetii and its results were used as reference for this study thus referred to as baseline study.ResultsA total of 387 samples were analyzed consisting of 112 from the cross-sectional study and 275 from the baseline study to determine the presence of anti C. burnetii antibodies. Our results showed that goats had higher seropositivity 49.65% (71/143, 95%CI: 41.97–57.75) followed by sheep 16.67% (15/90, 95%CI: 10.37–25.69) and cattle 3.25% (5/154, 95%CI: 1.40–7.37). Livestock species with a history of abortion had higher seropositivity of 33.89% (goats 57/62, sheep 4/62, cattle 1/62, 95%CI: 27.38–41.08) compared to non-aborting from the baseline study (goats 15/30, sheep 11/30, cattle 4/30, 95%CI: 10.34–19.93). Conditional logistic regression model identified abortion as a significant risk factor, with goats being 26.71 times more likely to abort than cattle, and sheep 3.59 times more likely than cattle. Among the 112 blood samples, 54 constituting 34 goats, 12 cattle and 8 sheep tested positive by qPCR and 16 of these were subjected to Sanger sequencing.ConclusionPhylogenetic analysis, performed using the maximum likelihood approach, provided insights into the genetic diversity and circulation of C. burnetii strains. Findings from this study will support the development of intervention strategies such as vaccination or biosecurity improvements aimed at reducing abortion rates and economic losses in small ruminant and cattle production systems.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2026.1766294</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2026.1766294</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Case Report: Surgical excision of urethral transitional cell carcinoma by total urethrectomy combined with partial cystectomy and vesicovaginal urinary diversion in two female dogs]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-05-04T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Case Report</category>
        <author>Wookhun Chung</author><author>Kihoon Kim</author><author>Jaewoong Han</author><author>Byung-Joon Seung</author><author>Young-Hyun Goo</author><author>Sun-Hee Do</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Transitional cell carcinoma (TCC), or urothelial carcinoma, is the most common malignant tumor of the canine urinary bladder or urethra, often causing urinary obstruction. While chemotherapy is generally considered as primary management, surgical treatments, including total or partial cystectomy, have occasionally been reported. This report describes two cases of canine urethral TCC managed with total urethrectomy combined with partial cystectomy and vesicovaginal urinary diversion. In both cases, the entire urethral segment and distal urinary bladder were removed while preserving the ureteral orifices. Ventral cystostomy was performed to expose the masses, and special care was taken to maintain vascular supply to the bladder. Postoperative recovery was uneventful. Although chemotherapy was recommended, it was performed in only one case. Urinary flow from the urinary bladder to vagina was successfully diverted without ureteral reimplantation. No recurrence was observed for approximately one year postoperatively in Case 1 and one and a half years in Case 2, respectively. These findings suggest that total urethrectomy combined with partial cystectomy and vesicovaginal urinary diversion is a feasible and effective surgical approach for localized urethral TCC in female dogs.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2026.1794290</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2026.1794290</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Analysis of mRNA and miRNA expression in RAW 264.7 macrophages infected with Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Dublin in the early stage of infection]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-05-04T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Brief Research Report</category>
        <author>Zi Wang</author><author>Miao Sun</author><author>Zipeng Zhang</author><author>Yongqiang Wang</author><author>Shengjie Tong</author><author>Linghao Meng</author><author>Dongxu Han</author><author>Xinran Ge</author><author>Hengli Chen</author><author>Dahan Yang</author><author>Kai Liu</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Dublin (Salmonella Dublin) is a host-adapted pathogen that causes severe systemic disease in cattle and presents a zoonotic risk to humans. While macrophages play a pivotal role in host defense against Salmonella they are also an intracellular niche for bacterial persistence. However, the mechanism underlying the early transcriptional response of macrophages to Salmonella Dublin infection is poorly understood. This study used high-throughput sequencing to profile mRNA and miRNA expression in RAW 264.7 mouse macrophages 2 h after infection with Salmonella Dublin compared to uninfected control cells. A total of 1,080 differentially expressed (DE) mRNAs were identified, of which 492 were up-regulated and 588 were down-regulated. In addition, 23 DE miRNAs, 18 up-regulated and 5 down-regulated, were identified. Meanwhile, KEGG enrichment analysis indicated significant enrichment of the DE mRNAs and miRNAs in signaling pathways associated with macrophage immune activation, including the TNF, HIF-1, and MAPK signaling pathways, as well as those involved in responses to Salmonella infection. The accuracy of the mRNA sequencing results was verified using RT-qPCR. In conclusion, the findings showed significant up-regulation of Acod1, Ccl22, Bcl2a1b, miR-146-3p, and miR-150-5p in the early stages of Salmonella Dublin infection of mouse macrophages, suggesting the involvement of these molecules in regulating the host immune response.]]></description>
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        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2026.1768722</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2026.1768722</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Comparative diagnostic efficacy of swab stick and pipette sampling techniques for vaginal cytology in oestrous detection of West African Dwarf Goats]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-05-04T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Ugochinyere J. Njoga</author><author>Ugochi M. Nwaibe</author><author>Ibe N. Patrick</author><author>Onoh E. Chukwubuike</author><author>Izuchukwu S. Ochiogu</author><author>John I. Ihedioha</author><author>Kenneth O. Anya</author><author>Emmanuel O. Njoga</author><author>James W. Oguttu</author>
        <description><![CDATA[BackgroundAccurate detection and monitoring of the oestrous cycle in West African Dwarf (WAD) goats is indispensable for reproductive management. Vaginal cytology is commonly used, but different collection methods may vary in diagnostic efficacy, smear quality, and animal safety. This study compared the diagnostic efficacy of pipette and swab stick methods for monitoring the oestrous cycle of WAD goats.MethodsFour cyclic WAD goats were sampled repeatedly for four consecutive days using both pipette and swab stick methods. A total of 16 samples were collected from each doe during the 4-day sampling period. Smears were evaluated for cell types (parabasal, intermediate, superficial), debris, and cellular distortion. Animal response to sampling was assessed via bleating and presence of blood cells to determine trauma. Economic and comprehensive diagnostic cost-effectiveness were also evaluated. Data were analyzed using paired-sample t-test, Chi-square, and Fisher’s Exact Test where appropriate.ResultsSwab stick smears yielded a higher proportion of superficial cells (9.41 ± 2.35) than pipette smears (4.04 ± 0.93, p = 0.03), while parabasal cells were higher in pipette smears (1.97 ± 0.43 vs. 0.28 ± 0.08, p = 0.001). Heavy debris was observed more frequently in pipette smears (68.8%) than swab stick smears (25.0%, p = 0.032). No pipette smears exhibited cellular distortion, whereas swab stick smears showed mild to severe distortion (Fisher’s Exact Test, p = 0.007). Pipette sample collection caused greater trauma, indicated by prolonged bleating and moderate blood cell presence, compared with swab sampling. Although pipettes were more economical due to their lower cost and reusability, swab sticks demonstrated higher overall diagnostic cost-effectiveness when factors such as smear quality, trauma, and diagnostic yield were taken into account.ConclusionBoth methods are effective for monitoring the oestrous cycle in WAD goats; however, swab sticks offer higher diagnostic yield in detecting heat and lower trauma, whereas pipettes are more economical. Selection of method should balance cost, diagnostic performance, and animal welfare. Future studies with larger sample sizes are recommended to confirm these findings.]]></description>
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        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2026.1805014</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2026.1805014</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Animal models for diabetic kidney disease: perspectives and prospects]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-05-04T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Perspective</category>
        <author>Min Zeng</author><author>Qin Gong</author><author>Hua Shen</author><author>Long Chen</author><author>Wanxia Zhang</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is one of the most severe complications of diabetes. Animal models of DKD play a crucial role in elucidating disease pathogenesis, exploring therapeutic strategies, and developing pharmacological interventions. This article systematically reviews the methodologies for establishing the four main categories of DKD animal models (induced, spontaneous, genetically engineered, and disease-syndrome combination models). We summarize the advantages, disadvantages, and inherent limitations of each model type. For each category, feasible optimization strategies are proposed. We advocate for the establishment of a forward-looking, “purpose-oriented” research paradigm. This paradigm aims to guide researchers in selecting models more precisely, optimizing them more proactively, and aligning evaluation criteria with clinical practice, thereby significantly enhancing the success rate and translational value of DKD research.]]></description>
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        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2026.1824547</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2026.1824547</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Melatonin administration as a strategy to mitigate weaning stress in Lacaune lambs]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-05-04T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>María Moreno-Manrique</author><author>Joel Bueso- Ródenas</author><author>Carlos Mínguez</author><author>Carla Ibáñez</author><author>Marta González</author><author>Xavier Valldecabres</author><author>Arantxa Villagrá</author><author>Rodolfo Ungerfeld</author><author>Aline Freitas-de-Melo</author>
        <description><![CDATA[IntroductionWeaning from artificial milk feeding represents a critical transition in intensively reared dairy lambs, involving dietary change, relocation, and social reorganization, all of which may compromise welfare, immune status, and growth performance. Melatonin, owing to its anxiolytic, antioxidant, and immuno-modulatory properties, has been proposed as a potential strategy to mitigate stress-related responses during this period.MethodsSixty Lacaune lambs were randomly assigned at weaning to one of three treatments: control (saline injection), intravenous melatonin (18 mg), or a slow-release subcutaneous melatonin implant. Behavioral patterns were recorded from Day −3 to Day 3 relative to weaning, and body weight was monitored until Day 31. Hematological parameters, serum cortisol, acute phase proteins (CRP and haptoglobin), and fecal Escherichia coli counts were assessed on Days −4 and 4.ResultsSubcutaneous melatonin implants attenuated several behavioral indicators of weaning stress, including walking, bleating, and suckling attempts, and were associated with improved post-weaning growth performance from Day 11 onward. Intravenous administration produced limited effects. Cortisol concentrations increased in melatonin-treated lambs on Day 4, although this was not accompanied by adverse behavioral or productive outcomes. Most hematological parameters were unaffected by treatment; however, hemoglobin concentration increased selectively in the implant group. Acute phase proteins and fecal E. coli counts did not differ among treatments.DiscussionSustained melatonin administration via subcutaneous implants improved behavioral adaptation and post-weaning growth without evidence of detrimental health effects. These findings suggest that slow-release melatonin may represent a promising supportive strategy during the weaning transition in intensive dairy sheep systems.]]></description>
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        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2026.1851831</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2026.1851831</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Editorial: Advances in precision livestock management for grazing ruminant systems]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-05-04T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Editorial</category>
        <author>Paulo de Mello Tavares Lima</author><author>Tiago do Prado Paim</author>
        <description></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2026.1769637</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2026.1769637</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Dose-dependent effects of pomegranate peel extract on modulating ruminal fermentation, methane emission, nutrient digestibility and productive values in camels: an in vitro and in silico integrations]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-05-04T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Abdullah Sheikh</author><author>Hesham S. Ghazzawy</author><author>Roshmon Thomas Mathew</author><author>Mohamed Ashour</author><author>Rania Ali El Hadi Mohamed</author><author>Ehab El-Haroun</author><author>Ali S. A. Saleem</author><author>Mohamed M. A. Abd-Elkarim</author>
        <description><![CDATA[IntroductionSustainable management of bioactive-rich byproducts, including pomegranate peels, is crucial to support the rise of environmentally resilient intensive camel farming. The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of pomegranate peel extract (PPE) (0, 0.5, 1, and 2 g/kg) on methane production gas production, nutrient digestibility, and predictive values in camels through in vitro model and molecular docking simulations.Materials and methodsRumen samples were fortified with PPE at levels of 0 (PPE0), 0.5 (PPE0.5), 1 (PPE1), and 2 (PPE2) g/kg diet to assess methane emissions, gas production, nutrient digestibility, and predictive values. Molecular docking was used to assess the inhibition of the methanogenic pathway enzymes formylmethanofuran dehydrogenase (Fmd), F420H2 oxidase, and shikimate dehydrogenase (SDH) by ellagic acid (EA) and punicalagin (PG).ResultsThe PPE1 and PPE0.5 groups showed significantly higher gas production across all incubation intervals (3, 6, 12, 24 and 48 h; p < 0.001). Supplementation at 0.5, 1, and 2 g/kg significantly (p < 0.05) lowered methane emissions (by 11.62, 13.17, and 19.39%) and total digestible dry matter (by 20.30, 22.19, 33.34%) relative to the control, respectively. PPE1 group significantly improved dry matter digestibility (p < 0.01, linear effect) and TVFA production (p < 0.05, quadratic effect) compared to the control. Rumen pH was significantly affected by treatment, with the lowest values observed in the PPE0.5 and PPE1 groups (p < 0.01, quadratic effect). All PPE groups had greater SCFA levels relative to the control group (p < 0.001, quadratic effect). The PPE1 and PPE0.5 treatments showed higher ME, NEL, and OMD, and lower partitioning factor (PF) compared to the other groups (p < 0.001, quadratic effect). The PPE1 group had the greatest MCP compared to other groups (p < 0.05). Docking analysis revealed that punicalagin (PG) exhibited superior binding affinities (−10.04 kcal/mol) against SDH compared to ellagic acid (EA), which reached a peak of −7.22 kcal/mol against F420H2 oxidase. PG also demonstrated better binding stability against F420H2 oxidase oxidase (−8.05 kcal/mol) compared to EA (−7.22 kcal/mol).ConclusionThese results suggest that dietary inclusion of 0.5 or 1 g/kg PPE significantly improves nutrient digestibility, productive performance, and rumen fermentation efficiency, while concurrently reducing methane emissions using an in vitro model in camels.]]></description>
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        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2026.1832720</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2026.1832720</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Rumen-protected guanidinoacetic acid is associated with improved growth performance and altered portal nutrient and hepatic IGF-1 indices in Hu sheep]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-05-04T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Wenshu Zhu</author><author>Congcong Tian</author><author>Wenshuai Zeng</author><author>Yong Chen</author><author>Mengjian Liu</author>
        <description><![CDATA[IntroductionGuanidinoacetic acid (GAA), the direct precursor of creatine, has been shown to improve growth performance in monogastric animals, but its metabolic effects in ruminants remain unclear. This study examined whether dietary GAA and rumen-protected GAA (RPGAA) are associated with changes in intestinal creatine-related metabolism, portal nutrient concentrations, and hepatic IGF-1 expression in Hu sheep.MethodsTwenty-seven Hu rams were randomly assigned to three treatments for 45 days: a basal diet (control), the basal diet supplemented with 1.0 g/kg GAA, or the basal diet supplemented with 1.0 g/kg RPGAA. Growth performance, intestinal mucosal GAA and creatine concentrations, expression of genes related to creatine metabolism and nutrient transport, portal blood nutrient concentrations, serum biochemical variables, and hepatic IGF-1 indices were determined.ResultsRPGAA significantly increased final body weight and average daily gain and decreased feed-to-gain ratio (p < 0.05). RPGAA increased GAA and creatine concentrations in the jejunal mucosa, downregulated AGAT mRNA expression, and upregulated transporter-related genes (p < 0.01). These changes were accompanied by higher concentrations of glucose, arginine, methionine, and lysine in portal blood (p < 0.05), as well as increased hepatic IGF-1 mRNA expression and IGF-1 concentration (p < 0.01). In addition, serum glucose and albumin increased, whereas total cholesterol and bilirubin decreased in the RPGAA group (p < 0.05).DiscussionThese findings suggest that the improved growth performance induced by RPGAA is associated with enhanced jejunal GAA availability, portal nutrient concentrations, and hepatic IGF-1 expression in Hu sheep.]]></description>
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