AUTHOR=Sorrentino Giovanni , López-Guzmán Javier 

TITLE=Rethinking privacy for avatars: biometric and inferred data in the metaverse

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Virtual Reality

VOLUME=Volume 6 - 2025

YEAR=2025

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/virtual-reality/articles/10.3389/frvir.2025.1520655

DOI=10.3389/frvir.2025.1520655

ISSN=2673-4192

ABSTRACT=As the metaverse expands, it introduces novel challenges to data privacy and protection, particularly in the handling of biometric and inferred data. This paper examines the implications of existing European legal frameworks, notably the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), on the processing of biometric information and other sensitive data within immersive virtual environments. In the metaverse, avatars—often designed to closely resemble their creators—serve as rich sources of both explicit and inferred personal data, raising significant concerns regarding user consent, data processing, and privacy. By comparing regulations from both the EU and the United States, including the newly proposed American Privacy Rights Act, this study highlights the gaps in current legal protections surrounding avatars and the biometric or inferred data they may reveal. The findings indicate an urgent need for updated regulatory approaches to address the unique data privacy challenges of virtual identities and underscore the need for transparency and user control over digital representations in evolving digital landscapes.