About this Research Topic
Non-coding Ribonucleic Acids are involved in epigenetic regulation directly silencing or activating chromatin at specific loci or through their integrated role into the machinery driving DNA methylation. Small RNAs, including short interfering RNAs (siRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs), mediate post-transcriptional gene silencing by RNA interference (RNAi) or have direct activity in the nucleosomes. These molecules are opening new avenues for therapeutic purposes or for assaying exogenous non-coding RNA acquisition on the immunity not only of the host, but also the putative consequences for generations on immunity, including allergic inflammation, cancer, or interactions with host microbiota. miRNA or siRNA are used as molecular therapies for environmental stress and metabolic diseases (obesity, Type-1, and 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome). These molecules can also be supplied as exogenous molecules with various vectors manipulating host non-specific or specific immune responses. Therefore, developing formulations that are suitable and can be applied to the oral delivery of miRNAs is in high demand. However, miRNA availability is highly challenging due to nucleic acid degradation in the gastric environment.
Almost all types of cells release extracellular vesicles (EVs) into the extracellular space. EVs such as exosomes and microvesicles are membrane-bound vesicles ranging in size from 30 to 1000 nm in diameter. Under normal conditions, EVs mediate cell to cell as well as inter-organ communication via the shuttling of their cargoes which include RNA, DNA, and proteins. Under pathological conditions, however, the number, size and content of EVs are found to be altered and have been shown to play crucial roles in disease progression. Emerging studies have demonstrated that EVs are involved in many aspects of viral infection-mediated neurodegenerative diseases. Furthermore, host bacteria can produce extracellular vesicles (EVs) containing non-coding RNAs that can mediate intercellular communication with epithelial and immune cells and potentially regulate the expression of genes involved in controlling the resistance to pathologies. On the other hand, host cells can also deliver non-coding RNAs to bacteria and similarly, regulate gene expression.
Metabolites are end-products or intermediates in metabolic pathways, and they constitute the chemical fingerprints of an organism. Metabolites modulate several cellulars and molecular events such as signalling pathways, energy conversation, and enzyme activities; therefore, the metabolomic profile of an organism plays an important role in determining its disease condition and health and are becoming an essential diagnostic signature.
We welcome the submission of Original Research, Reviews, and Mini-Reviews articles, as well as Methods, Hypothesis and Theory, Perspective, Clinical Trial, Opinion, and Systematic Review articles. The following themes can be addressed in this Research Topic:
We welcome the submission of Original Research, Reviews, and Mini-Reviews articles, as well as Methods, Hypothesis and Theory, Perspective, Clinical Trial, Opinion, and Systematic Review articles. The following themes can be addressed in this Research Topic:
(1) The use of noncoding RNAs in molecular immunotherapy facing environmental stress and metabolic diseases.
(2) The role of Extracellular Vesicles in disease biology and EVs as therapeutic tools.
(3) Gut microbiota as a new player in regulating immune- and chemo-therapy efficacy through non-coding-RNA. Targeting immune cells from the gut to treat inflammatory diseases or infection with Extracellular vesicles or biomimetic nanovectors. The scope is implementing microRNA as a new immune-regulatory agent in breast milk, the sequence-non-specific effects of the miRNA delivered to cells with appropriate carriers or expressed in cells using suitable vectors often trigger both intended sequence-specific silencing effects and unintended sequence-non-specific immune responses.
(4) Understanding the role of metabolites and cross-talk with genetic and epigenetic mechanisms in controlling cellular functioning.
Almost all types of cells release extracellular vesicles (EVs) into the extracellular space. EVs such as exosomes and microvesicles are membrane-bound vesicles ranging in size from 30 to 1000 nm in diameter. Under normal conditions, EVs mediate cell to cell as well as inter-organ communication via the shuttling of their cargoes which include RNA, DNA, and proteins. Under pathological conditions, however, the number, size and content of EVs are found to be altered and have been shown to play crucial roles in disease progression. Emerging studies have demonstrated that EVs are involved in many aspects of viral infection-mediated neurodegenerative diseases. Furthermore, host bacteria can produce extracellular vesicles (EVs) containing non-coding RNAs that can mediate intercellular communication with epithelial and immune cells and potentially regulate the expression of genes involved in controlling the resistance to pathologies. On the other hand, host cells can also deliver non-coding RNAs to bacteria and similarly, regulate gene expression.
Metabolites are end-products or intermediates in metabolic pathways, and they constitute the chemical fingerprints of an organism. Metabolites modulate several cellulars and molecular events such as signalling pathways, energy conversation, and enzyme activities; therefore, the metabolomic profile of an organism plays an important role in determining its disease condition and health and are becoming an essential diagnostic signature.
We welcome the submission of Original Research, Reviews, and Mini-Reviews articles, as well as Methods, Hypothesis and Theory, Perspective, Clinical Trial, Opinion, and Systematic Review articles. The following themes can be addressed in this Research Topic:
We welcome the submission of Original Research, Reviews, and Mini-Reviews articles, as well as Methods, Hypothesis and Theory, Perspective, Clinical Trial, Opinion, and Systematic Review articles. The following themes can be addressed in this Research Topic:
(1) The use of noncoding RNAs in molecular immunotherapy facing environmental stress and metabolic diseases.
(2) The role of Extracellular Vesicles in disease biology and EVs as therapeutic tools.
(3) Gut microbiota as a new player in regulating immune- and chemo-therapy efficacy through non-coding-RNA. Targeting immune cells from the gut to treat inflammatory diseases or infection with Extracellular vesicles or biomimetic nanovectors. The scope is implementing microRNA as a new immune-regulatory agent in breast milk, the sequence-non-specific effects of the miRNA delivered to cells with appropriate carriers or expressed in cells using suitable vectors often trigger both intended sequence-specific silencing effects and unintended sequence-non-specific immune responses.
(4) Understanding the role of metabolites and cross-talk with genetic and epigenetic mechanisms in controlling cellular functioning.
Keywords: small molecules, non-coding RNAs, transcription factor, gene regulation, immune response
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