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In recent years, the number of cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIED) has been increasing, and this can be due to expansions in ICD and CRT indications, as well as a higher incidence of pacemaker indications with age. With the growing usage of CIED, the number of patients with device-related ...

In recent years, the number of cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIED) has been increasing, and this can be due to expansions in ICD and CRT indications, as well as a higher incidence of pacemaker indications with age. With the growing usage of CIED, the number of patients with device-related complications has also been rising. These facts helped to highlight the importance of updates on implantation and extraction techniques. However, there is a lot yet to be explored in the field of conduction system pacing, for example, where different alternatives like His Bundle Pacing and Left Bundle Branch Pacing are available, there is no clear data available on the superiority of one over the other.

Treatment of CIED-related complications, especially considering the rising number of device-related infections, is of utmost importance since mortality and morbidity remain high in the patient population. Treatment algorithms for patients with pacemaker dependency and systemic device-related infections are not yet covered by randomized trials, and numerous research questions remain unanswered. Furthermore, treatment strategies for the lifetime management of device-related complications in young patients is a highly debatable topic with the necessity for additional research.

We also highlight the necessity of new data on transvenous lead extraction for the treatment of infectious and non-infectious indications, as well as on strategies to enhance procedural success rates and minimize procedure-related complications. Also important to mention that new studies have questioned the general benefit of primary prevention ICD therapy in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy, here individualized scores and risk stratification tools would be helpful.

In this Research Topic, we welcome manuscripts on, but not limited to, the following themes:
1) Advances in conventional pacing and defibrillation.
2) Leadless pacing.
3) Subcutaneous ICD.
4) Wearable Cardioverter Defibrillator.
5) ICD implantation for Primary prevention.
6) Prevention and Treatment of CIED-related complications.
7) Treatment of CIED infections.
8) Bridging therapies in pacemaker-dependent patients with CIED infection (Epicardial leads, temporary transcutaneous pacing, Leadless pacing).
9) Transvenous lead extraction (Laser, Mechanical rotational sheaths, Snaring techniques).

Keywords: Pacemaker, Implantable cardioverter defibrillator, Cardiac resynchronization therapy, Epicardial leads, ransvenous Lead extraction


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