The landscape of viral infections invading the mucosal system is diverse and complex. While we commonly associate respiratory infections with viruses such as influenza, SARS-CoV-2, and respiratory syncytial virus, it's important to note that certain enteroviruses (e.g., EV71, CA16, CA10, EV-D68 ) can also infect hosts via the respiratory route.
Understanding the immune response to these infections is critical for vaccine design and development. During viral infections, both the adaptive immune system (T and B cells) and the innate immune system (including NK cells, dendritic cells, macrophages, and monocytes) are mobilized. Studying these responses provides valuable insights into how viruses evade the immune system and interact with their hosts.
In recent years, the development of multivalent vaccines has become a significant trend in combating respiratory viruses and enteroviruses. However, this approach brings new challenges, particularly in terms of immune interference and pre-existing immunity. These factors can significantly impact vaccine efficacy, especially concerning T and B cell activation. Therefore, a thorough analysis of these phenomena is essential for informing future vaccine designs.
Furthermore, it's crucial to recognize the differences between immunity induced by natural viral infection and that stimulated by vaccination. These differences can manifest in both cellular and humoral immune responses. To better understand these variations, researchers are employing cutting-edge technologies to:
• Compare immune responses between viral infections and vaccinations
• Analyze how immune responses differ across age groups
• Identify specific immune cells and molecules characteristic of each response
The goal of this research topic is to deepen our understanding of both vaccine-induced immunity and the immune response to viral infections. Such knowledge is invaluable for developing more effective vaccines and therapeutic strategies against respiratory viruses and enteroviruses and provides new methods and means for subsequent virus-infection mechanism research.
This topic encourages submissions in a variety of forms, including original research, Reviews and perspective articles, about respiratory virus or enterovirus infection and vaccine immunity mechanisms, as well as the development of new vaccines, and the application of cutting-edge technologies in infection and vaccine immunity evaluation, mainly including the following topics, but not limited to the following topics:
1) Pre-existing immunity mechanisms of respiratory virus vaccines or enterovirus vaccines;
2) Inflammatory response mechanisms induced by respiratory virus vaccines or enteroviruses vaccines;
3) The mechanism of adaptive immune response to respiratory virus and enterovirus infection or vaccination, including adaptive immune cells, immune molecules, and antiviral pathways;
4) Innate immune response mechanisms for respiratory virus and enterovirus infections or vaccination, including innate immune cells and signaling pathways;
5) Breakthrough infections after immunization with respiratory virus or enterovirus vaccines;
6) Analyze how immune responses differ across age groups with respiratory virus or enterovirus infection or vaccination;
7) Application of cutting-edge technologies in the mechanism of respiratory virus and enterovirus virus infection, vaccine design, and vaccine immunological evaluation;
8) Evolutionary lineage characterization of TCR and BCR after respiratory virus or enterovirus infection and vaccine immunization.
The landscape of viral infections invading the mucosal system is diverse and complex. While we commonly associate respiratory infections with viruses such as influenza, SARS-CoV-2, and respiratory syncytial virus, it's important to note that certain enteroviruses (e.g., EV71, CA16, CA10, EV-D68 ) can also infect hosts via the respiratory route.
Understanding the immune response to these infections is critical for vaccine design and development. During viral infections, both the adaptive immune system (T and B cells) and the innate immune system (including NK cells, dendritic cells, macrophages, and monocytes) are mobilized. Studying these responses provides valuable insights into how viruses evade the immune system and interact with their hosts.
In recent years, the development of multivalent vaccines has become a significant trend in combating respiratory viruses and enteroviruses. However, this approach brings new challenges, particularly in terms of immune interference and pre-existing immunity. These factors can significantly impact vaccine efficacy, especially concerning T and B cell activation. Therefore, a thorough analysis of these phenomena is essential for informing future vaccine designs.
Furthermore, it's crucial to recognize the differences between immunity induced by natural viral infection and that stimulated by vaccination. These differences can manifest in both cellular and humoral immune responses. To better understand these variations, researchers are employing cutting-edge technologies to:
• Compare immune responses between viral infections and vaccinations
• Analyze how immune responses differ across age groups
• Identify specific immune cells and molecules characteristic of each response
The goal of this research topic is to deepen our understanding of both vaccine-induced immunity and the immune response to viral infections. Such knowledge is invaluable for developing more effective vaccines and therapeutic strategies against respiratory viruses and enteroviruses and provides new methods and means for subsequent virus-infection mechanism research.
This topic encourages submissions in a variety of forms, including original research, Reviews and perspective articles, about respiratory virus or enterovirus infection and vaccine immunity mechanisms, as well as the development of new vaccines, and the application of cutting-edge technologies in infection and vaccine immunity evaluation, mainly including the following topics, but not limited to the following topics:
1) Pre-existing immunity mechanisms of respiratory virus vaccines or enterovirus vaccines;
2) Inflammatory response mechanisms induced by respiratory virus vaccines or enteroviruses vaccines;
3) The mechanism of adaptive immune response to respiratory virus and enterovirus infection or vaccination, including adaptive immune cells, immune molecules, and antiviral pathways;
4) Innate immune response mechanisms for respiratory virus and enterovirus infections or vaccination, including innate immune cells and signaling pathways;
5) Breakthrough infections after immunization with respiratory virus or enterovirus vaccines;
6) Analyze how immune responses differ across age groups with respiratory virus or enterovirus infection or vaccination;
7) Application of cutting-edge technologies in the mechanism of respiratory virus and enterovirus virus infection, vaccine design, and vaccine immunological evaluation;
8) Evolutionary lineage characterization of TCR and BCR after respiratory virus or enterovirus infection and vaccine immunization.