The field of gene expression has long been foundational to our understanding of molecular biology, with the transcription of DNA into mRNA and the translation of this mRNA into proteins forming the essential basis of life as per the central dogma. While considerable attention has been devoted to studying transcriptional dynamics, particularly in relation to disease mechanisms and therapies, the regulation of mRNA translation has not been equally scrutinized until recently. Crucial for managing protein synthesis, translation control is gaining recognition for its significant involvement in various disease processes. Despite the progress made, our comprehension of translation regulation remains hindered by existing gaps and ongoing debates concerning its complex roles in pathogenesis.

In eukaryotic cells, translation occurs both in the cytoplasm and mitochondria, intricately involving ribosomes, aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases, translation factors, and regulatory RNA-binding proteins across the stages of initiation, elongation, and termination. Moreover, untranslated region (UTR) structures within mRNA contribute to transcript-specific regulation, enabling fine-tuned control over protein synthesis. Disruptions in these regulatory processes have been associated with diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular disorders, and neurodegenerative conditions. Although considerable progress has been achieved through advanced high-throughput assays like polysome profiling, ribosome footprinting, and CLIP-seq, these tools must be further integrated to uncover the molecular intricacies of translational regulation and its therapeutic implications.

This Research Topic aims to delve into the regulation of mRNA translation, focusing on its pivotal role in disease pathogenesis and its potential as a target for innovative therapeutic interventions. We invite a wide range of submissions probing both the mechanistic frameworks and therapeutic strategies involved in translational control.

To gather further insights into the dynamic interplay of mRNA translation, we welcome articles addressing, but not limited to, the following themes:

- Characterization of translational changes in physiological and pathological conditions
- Comprehensive reviews on the mechanisms of mRNA translation
- Identification of novel regulators of mRNA translation
- Development of experimental or computational tools to study translational regulation
- Strategies for fine-tuning mRNA translation at global or transcript-specific levels
- Emerging challenges and future directions in the field of translational regulation
- Therapeutic targeting of mRNA translation in disease

In addition to original research articles, we also welcome reviews, mini-reviews, opinion pieces, and methodological papers related to this Research Topic.

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Translational control in disease: Mechanistic insights and therapeutic potentials