Human fertility is deeply intertwined with complex molecular and cellular dynamics, facing numerous challenges. Current research has acknowledged diverse causes of fertility issues, such as lifestyle factors like diet and smoking, environmental pollutants including endocrine disrupters, anatomical abnormalities, medical interventions, and genetic anomalies, with some causes remaining idiopathic. On the molecular level, reproductive impairments in both genders can arise from DNA damage, epigenetic modifications, and disruptions within hormone signaling pathways. In developed nations, the below-replacement-level natural population growth portends significant demographic issues for subsequent generations. Understanding the underlying infertility causes sets the groundwork for creating effective interventions for conception and evaluating assisted reproductive technology.

This Research Topic aims to illuminate the molecular and cellular mechanisms governing reproductive functions, fertilization, and pregnancy while examining pathways activated by environmentally active substances. The objective is to advance the understanding requisite for early diagnosis and innovative treatment strategies. By exploring the mechanisms and pathways involved in reproduction, we aim to open doors for optimizing diagnostic and therapeutic methods, anticipating the inclusion of next-generation biomarkers like epigenetic, proteomic, metabolomic, immunological, and exosomal within future strategies.

The scope of this research incorporates a range of focus areas and limitations. We encourage articles exploring these themes, which include, but are not limited to:

o Molecular pathways underlying reproductive system functions
o Impacts of environmental pollutants on fertility
o Epigenetic influences on fertility and reproductive health
o Diagnostic innovation through next-generation biomarkers
o Therapeutic advancements in addressing fertility issues

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Molecular and cellular challenges and threats to human fertility