Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs remain a critical global health challenge and a significant global health concern, predominantly impacting marginalized and vulnerable populations in areas with limited resources. Conducting in situ research within NTD-endemic regions is essential to understanding disease dynamics, evaluating interventions, and developing context-specific solutions and intervention strategies. By situating research in the locations most affected by NTD-causing agents and proximity to patients, encourages local scientific groups to drive translational science, bridging gaps between laboratory research and real-world implementation.

This research topic is focused on different aspects of the most frequent Latin American protozoan and helminthes diseases, including but not limited to Chagas, leishmaniasis, giardiasis, strongyloidiasis, toxoplasmosis and malaria. The focus spans from the biological characteristics of the pathogens, their life cycles, pathological effects, and immune responses, as well as advancements in diagnosis and treatment. Integrating the One Health perspective, which underscores the linkage between human, animal, and environmental health, is vital for understanding the ecology of disease transmission and control, particularly for zoonotic diseases such as Chagas disease.

This Research Topic aims to publish notable contributions presented at the XXXV Meeting of the Argentine Society of Protozoology by regional researchers from Argentina, Uruguay, Brazil, and Chile. However, to gather further insights within the realm of NTD-endemic regions, submissions of relevant original research and reviews that were not presented at the meeting are also welcome, provided they align with the thematic scope of this collection. The themes encompass:

o Pathogen biology, pathological mechanisms, and immune responses

o Field-based studies and ethnographic insights

o Innovative methodologies for disease control and prevention

o Collaborative research approaches and community engagement

o Translational science contributions bridging theory and practice

o The role of One Health in shaping sustainable NTD strategies

By showcasing field-based studies, innovative methodologies, and collaborative approaches, this collection seeks to advance scientific knowledge and accelerate progress toward the elimination of NTDs. In particular, contributions will examine the challenges, achievements, and transformative potential of translational and One Health–oriented research, emphasizing the vital links between human, animal, and environmental health in the development of equitable and sustainable global health strategies.

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In Situ Research in NTD-Endemic Regions: Science at the Frontlines of Global Health