Viruses stand as the ocean's most prolific biological entities, vastly surpassing their microbial hosts in number. Long considered merely pathogenic agents, these marine viruses are now acknowledged as pivotal regulators in microbial community structure and significant drivers in biogeochemical cycles. They cause cellular mortality, recycle nutrients via the viral shunt, and enable horizontal gene transfer, propelling swift evolutionary changes. Recent advancements in molecular techniques and -omics technologies have disclosed an impressive array of viral forms and functions, highlighting novel interactions with their host microbes and larger environmental systems. Nonetheless, the driving forces behind viral infection, endurance, and broader ecosystem impact remain underexplored, marking an intriguing frontier for scientific research.

This Research Topic aims to compile and assimilate the latest insights into the mechanisms and ramifications of viral infections within marine microbial ecosystems. We seek contributions focusing on enhancing understanding of viral-host dynamics, ranging from individual virus-host interactions to broad, ecosystem-wide analyses. A key aim is to unravel how these viral infections influence microbial diversity, propagate horizontal gene transfer, and control essential biogeochemical processes like carbon cycling and nutrient transfer. By embracing diverse methodologies, from genomics and transcriptomics to computational models and ecological field studies, this collection strives to unify disparate disciplines, offering a comprehensive perspective on marine viral ecology. We particularly welcome contributions highlighting innovative methodologies, addressing existing knowledge gaps, or proposing new theoretical frameworks. Ultimately, the collection aspires to stimulate further inquiry, guide future research, and contribute to overarching discussions regarding viruses' roles in ocean and climate health.

To gather further insights into the field of marine viral dynamics, we welcome articles addressing, but not limited to, the following themes:

o Viral-host interaction mechanisms

o Community structure and network modeling

o Eco-evolutionary influences and outcomes

o Biogeochemical consequences of viral actions

o Viral response to environmental changes

We accept original research articles, reviews, perspectives, and method-focused papers, with experimental or interdisciplinary approaches particularly encouraged. Contributions should clearly correlate findings to marine microbial ecology's broader context and implications for ecosystems and global processes. Rigorous peer review will ensure scholarly quality and thematic relevance. Please refer to the journal's "Instructions for Authors" for further details on submission guidelines and timelines, or reach out to our editorial office for assistance.

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Understanding viral roles in marine microbial ecosystems