The interaction between nervous and immune systems is emerging as a crucial feature of the normal physiology and pathophysiology of both systems. Although it is accepted that the brain can influence immunological responses, evidence is accumulating that immune molecules and cells (including microglia) can also exert profound influences on mental processes. However, how neural molecules and cells participate in alterations of the neuroimmune axis to influence these processes is mostly unknown, and deserves a special focus. This Research Topic is devoted to the role of classically described molecules of neural origin, such as neuropeptides and neurotrophins, in the neuroimmune axis during cognitive and behavioral activities.

In this collection of articles surrounding the topic “Role of Neural Molecules in the Neuroimmune Axis Regulation of Cognitive and Behavioral Activities”, we solicit high quality manuscripts from authors wishing to highlight their work on the involvement of neurotrophin and/or neuropeptide systems in the regulation by the neuroimmune axis of mental activities/disorders that comprise areas such as:

- Addiction/Abuse
- Behavior
- Mood disorders
- Cognitive dysfunctions
- Psychosis
- Schizophrenia

We invite original research articles, minireviews, reviews, perspectives, commentaries, opinions, to be submitted for this issue. Submissions to the proposed Research Topic are welcome provided they describe the involvement of neurotrophins and/or neuropeptides. All papers will undergo peer review process.

Keywords: Inflammation, Immune response, Neurotrophins, Neuropeptides, mental disorders, mental activities

Important Note: All contributions to this Research Topic must be within the scope of the section and journal to which they are submitted, as defined in their mission statements. Frontiers reserves the right to guide an out-of-scope manuscript to a more suitable section or journal at any stage of peer review.