Next-Generation Precision Nutrition: Decoding Individual Responses to Dietary Interventions in Chronic and Metabolic Diseases

Precision nutrition represents an emerging paradigm within nutritional science that integrates nutrigenomics, nutrigenetics, metabolomics, microbiomics, and lifestyle data to tailor dietary recommendations to individual needs. Chronic and metabolic diseases such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular conditions remain global health challenges, often exacerbated by generalized dietary guidelines that overlook interindividual variability. Recent research underscores that individuals exhibit markedly different metabolic, hormonal, and molecular responses to identical dietary interventions. Advances in 'omics' technologies and digital phenotyping have begun to clarify these variations, revealing links between gut microbiota composition, gene-nutrient interactions, and metabolic flexibility. However, despite these scientific strides, substantial knowledge gaps exist regarding how to operationalize precision nutrition at scale, how to integrate multi-dimensional datasets into actionable clinical tools, and how socio-environmental factors modulate biological responses.

This Research Topic aims to uncover the mechanisms underlying individual differences in dietary responses and to bridge the gap between molecular insights and real-world nutritional applications. It seeks to elucidate how genetic predispositions, epigenetic regulation, microbiome diversity, and metabolic profiles can be leveraged to design precise, adaptable dietary interventions for chronic and metabolic diseases. The goal is to promote rigorous investigation into predictive biomarkers, intervention strategies, and digital tools that can improve disease prevention, patient outcomes, and long-term cardiometabolic health. By fostering cross-disciplinary collaboration among nutritionists, clinicians, data scientists, and behavioral researchers, this Research Topic endeavors to redefine the evidence base for next-generation nutritional medicine.

To gather further insights into precision-driven dietary personalization in chronic and metabolic diseases, we welcome articles addressing, but not limited to, the following themes:

Nutrigenomics and nutrigenetics: gene-nutrient interactions and their role in dietary response variability

Identification of molecular and metabolic predictors of individualized dietary outcomes

Integration of 'omics' data for personalized nutrition modeling

Role of the gut microbiome in shaping individual cardiometabolic responses

Digital and AI-driven tools for dietary monitoring and precision intervention

Clinical and epidemiological trials assessing individualized dietary strategies in chronic disease

Translational challenges and ethical considerations in implementing precision nutrition at scale

Article types and fees

This Research Topic accepts the following article types, unless otherwise specified in the Research Topic description:

• Brief Research Report
• Case Report
• Clinical Trial
• Conceptual Analysis
• Data Report
• Editorial
• FAIR² Data
• General Commentary
• Hypothesis and Theory
• ... View all formats

Articles that are accepted for publication by our external editors following rigorous peer review incur a publishing fee charged to Authors, institutions, or funders.

Article types

This Research Topic accepts the following article types, unless otherwise specified in the Research Topic description:

• Brief Research Report
• Case Report
• Clinical Trial
• Conceptual Analysis
• Data Report
• Editorial
• FAIR² Data
• General Commentary
• Hypothesis and Theory
• Methods
• Mini Review
• Opinion
• Original Research
• Perspective
• Review
• Study Protocol
• Systematic Review
• Technology and Code

Keywords: precision nutrition, nutrigenomics, nutrigenetics, metabolomics, microbiomics, gut microbiota, personalized nutrition, dietary interventions, chronic disease, metabolic disease, type 2 diabetes, obesity, cardiovascular disease, cardiometabolic health

Important note: All contributions to this Research Topic must be within the scope of the section and journal to which they are submitted, as defined in their mission statements. Frontiers reserves the right to guide an out-of-scope manuscript to a more suitable section or journal at any stage of peer review.