Chronic infections with enveloped viruses can significantly endanger human health. Numerous enveloped viruses that cause chronic infections are epidemic/pandemic, affecting hundreds of millions, with some causing the death of millions. They include the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), the hepatitis C and B viruses (HCV and HBV), Epstein–Barr virus (EBV), human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV), human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-I), etc. The chronicity of the infection with such viruses, in the absence of effective vaccines for many of them, is a major challenge. Therefore, in order to develop potent vaccines and effective treatments against these viruses, it is important to understand the mechanisms and factors that modulate the adaptive immune responses permitting the establishment of chronic infections with the enveloped viruses. Moreover, investigating these factors and mechanisms in chronic infections with enveloped viruses, against which vaccines are available, will help elucidate the criteria, parameters, and correlates that should be taken into consideration for the design of new vaccines.
The aim of this article collection is to publish contributions that address the mechanism and factors that modulate the adaptive immune responses in a way that allows the chronicity of the infection with enveloped viruses.
Potential topics, in the form of Original Research, Clinical Trial, Method, Review, and Perspective articles, include but are not limited to:
Molecules and mechanisms that modulate the adaptive immune responses in a way that permits the chronicity of infection with an enveloped virus such as;
- The effect of cytokine and chemokine production on the establishment and persistence of the infection.
- Host factors and intracellular molecules in adaptive immune cells that hinder or enhance the capacity to eradicate or prevent the establishment of the chronic infection.
- The effect of immunomodulatory molecules on the modulations of the adaptive immune responses in the acute and chronic phases of the infection.
- Strategies of immune evasion developed by these viruses.
- The phenotype and function of virus-specific T- and B-cells during the acute and the chronic phase of the infection.
- Factors of the innate immune system that modulate the adaptive responses in the chronic phases of the infection.
- Non-immunological factors that affect the adaptive responses in a way that impacts the chronicity of the infection.
Chronic infections with enveloped viruses can significantly endanger human health. Numerous enveloped viruses that cause chronic infections are epidemic/pandemic, affecting hundreds of millions, with some causing the death of millions. They include the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), the hepatitis C and B viruses (HCV and HBV), Epstein–Barr virus (EBV), human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV), human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-I), etc. The chronicity of the infection with such viruses, in the absence of effective vaccines for many of them, is a major challenge. Therefore, in order to develop potent vaccines and effective treatments against these viruses, it is important to understand the mechanisms and factors that modulate the adaptive immune responses permitting the establishment of chronic infections with the enveloped viruses. Moreover, investigating these factors and mechanisms in chronic infections with enveloped viruses, against which vaccines are available, will help elucidate the criteria, parameters, and correlates that should be taken into consideration for the design of new vaccines.
The aim of this article collection is to publish contributions that address the mechanism and factors that modulate the adaptive immune responses in a way that allows the chronicity of the infection with enveloped viruses.
Potential topics, in the form of Original Research, Clinical Trial, Method, Review, and Perspective articles, include but are not limited to:
Molecules and mechanisms that modulate the adaptive immune responses in a way that permits the chronicity of infection with an enveloped virus such as;
- The effect of cytokine and chemokine production on the establishment and persistence of the infection.
- Host factors and intracellular molecules in adaptive immune cells that hinder or enhance the capacity to eradicate or prevent the establishment of the chronic infection.
- The effect of immunomodulatory molecules on the modulations of the adaptive immune responses in the acute and chronic phases of the infection.
- Strategies of immune evasion developed by these viruses.
- The phenotype and function of virus-specific T- and B-cells during the acute and the chronic phase of the infection.
- Factors of the innate immune system that modulate the adaptive responses in the chronic phases of the infection.
- Non-immunological factors that affect the adaptive responses in a way that impacts the chronicity of the infection.