Immediate and sustained metabolic alterations modulate host defensive responses during infection and malnutrition through metabolic regulations governing by nutrient-sensing machineries. These regulatory mechanisms in both adaptive and innate immune cells are known as immunometabolic regulations. In the past two decades, the explosive progresses in this field uncover the underlying molecular mechanisms and metabolic regulators and, further, reveal how these regulations fine-tune host immunity during vaccination, infection, and disease initiation and progression. In addition, metabolites generated by gut microbiota and metabolic tissues instruct immune responses in periphery and systemic metabolic alterations accompanied with aging could also contribute to insensitivity of immune system. Thus, the interplay between immune cells and metabolic homeostasis in circulation and periphery lead to effective and detrimental immune responses. Moreover, new studies suggest harnessing immunometabolic regulations is a promising strategy to boost anti-tumor immunity and to tone down reactivity of autoimmunity. This delicate immunometabolic regulation provides a new leverage for immunologists to unleash and restraint immunity; however, we are beginning to appreciate the complexity of immunometabolic regulations and the delicate co-regulation between innate and adaptive immune cells.

For this Research Topic, we would like to cover immunometabolic regulations in both innate and adaptive immune cells and how these regulatory mechanisms can be exploited in immune response-related diseases and interventions. The goal of this Research Topic is to illustrate and stimulate the ongoing research to understand the crosstalk between metabolic homeostasis and immune responses. Potential topics include, but are not restricted to:

1. Metabolic control of antigen-presenting cells, including dendritic cells and macrophages.
2. T cell activation and differentiation links to metabolic cues.
3. Immunometabolic regulations in hematopoietic stem cells during aging.
4. Harnessing immunometabolic regulations on cancer immunotherapy and treatments for autoimmunity.
5. Novel regulators and mechanisms for metabolic control of immune system.

Important Note: All contributions to this Research Topic must be within the scope of the section and journal to which they are submitted, as defined in their mission statements. Frontiers reserves the right to guide an out-of-scope manuscript to a more suitable section or journal at any stage of peer review.