Obligate intracellular parasitism is the associated with genome reduction, which is the process of reconfiguring the genome through systematic elimination of genetic loci deemed unnecessary. The end-result is an increasing dependence on the host for various factors essential for growth, such as nutrients and a protective intracellular replicative niche. The extreme genome reduction that some of the obligate intracellular bacteria have undergone, while maintaining viability and virulence has revealed the level of adaptability, including a plethora of survival strategies that more often than not functionally converge to modulate similar host cell processes, such as cytoskeletal dynamics, vesicular transport, and pathogen recognition, among others. With the advent of molecular genetic approaches, and in the case of Coxiella, growth in axenic media, the field of obligate intracellular pathogen research has progressed rapidly in the past five years, redefining obligate intracellular parasitism as the field transitions from descriptive to mechanism-based research. An emerging theme is the adaptability and ingenuity of this class of pathogens. Genome reduction prioritizes survival, but because this occurs within a host, there is also the need to maintain virulence. As such, survival strategies become intertwined, and likely inseparable from virulence strategies. The purpose of this Special Topics Issue is to bring together in one volume review articles from experts in the field. This issue will have a broad scope. Articles will describe the current state of knowledge in genetics and genomics, metabolism, cell biology of infection, immune evasion, and vaccine design. Importantly, cutting-edge information will also be discussed in the context of past seminal findings, and future directions of research. Overall, this Special Topics Issue should serve as a valuable reference to colleagues and those new to the field of obligate intracellular pathogens research.We welcome submission of review and mini-review articles on the following topics:• Genome structure• Development of genetic tools• Molecular mechanisms of adhesion, invasion, and other early events in infection• Establishment of the intracellular niche• Niche interactions with organelles• Translocation of effectors• Metabolism and metabolic adaptations• Gene regulation during stress response• Pathogen recognition and immune evasion strategies• Innate and adaptive immunity during infection• Experimental models
Obligate intracellular parasitism is the associated with genome reduction, which is the process of reconfiguring the genome through systematic elimination of genetic loci deemed unnecessary. The end-result is an increasing dependence on the host for various factors essential for growth, such as nutrients and a protective intracellular replicative niche. The extreme genome reduction that some of the obligate intracellular bacteria have undergone, while maintaining viability and virulence has revealed the level of adaptability, including a plethora of survival strategies that more often than not functionally converge to modulate similar host cell processes, such as cytoskeletal dynamics, vesicular transport, and pathogen recognition, among others. With the advent of molecular genetic approaches, and in the case of Coxiella, growth in axenic media, the field of obligate intracellular pathogen research has progressed rapidly in the past five years, redefining obligate intracellular parasitism as the field transitions from descriptive to mechanism-based research. An emerging theme is the adaptability and ingenuity of this class of pathogens. Genome reduction prioritizes survival, but because this occurs within a host, there is also the need to maintain virulence. As such, survival strategies become intertwined, and likely inseparable from virulence strategies. The purpose of this Special Topics Issue is to bring together in one volume review articles from experts in the field. This issue will have a broad scope. Articles will describe the current state of knowledge in genetics and genomics, metabolism, cell biology of infection, immune evasion, and vaccine design. Importantly, cutting-edge information will also be discussed in the context of past seminal findings, and future directions of research. Overall, this Special Topics Issue should serve as a valuable reference to colleagues and those new to the field of obligate intracellular pathogens research.We welcome submission of review and mini-review articles on the following topics:• Genome structure• Development of genetic tools• Molecular mechanisms of adhesion, invasion, and other early events in infection• Establishment of the intracellular niche• Niche interactions with organelles• Translocation of effectors• Metabolism and metabolic adaptations• Gene regulation during stress response• Pathogen recognition and immune evasion strategies• Innate and adaptive immunity during infection• Experimental models