Differentiation and Mechanisms of Activation of Innate Lymphoid Cells

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Marina Cella

School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis

Chiara Romagnani

German Rheumatism Research Center (DRFZ)

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Innate Lymphoid Cells (ILCs) are an emerging category of tissue- resident immune players, which are key in maintaining mucosal homeostasis. ILCs contribute to preserve the delicate equilibrium between the host and the numerous commensals that cohabitate with the host; they also participate in shaping appropriate immune response to invading pathogens at mucosal barriers. Emerging evidence indicates that ILCs continuously integrate stimuli coming from the surrounding environment, such as dietary products and metabolites, and stimuli coming from the hosts, including cytokines and neurotrophic factors. ILCs also seed non-mucosal tissues, such as adipose tissue and secondary lymphoid organs, where they contribute to regulation of metabolic processes, to lymphoid organogenesis and wound healing. In this Topic of Frontiers in Immunology experts in the field will review aspects of:
- ILC diversity and functional polarization;
- ILC development;
- ILC function in health and disease;
- Redundancy between ILCs and T cells;
- ILC plasticity;
- Similarities and differences between “old” and “new” ILCs.

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Editors

Marina Cella

School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis

Chiara Romagnani

German Rheumatism Research Center (DRFZ)

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Frontiers in Immunology

NK and Innate Lymphoid Cell Biology

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