Chronic inflammation is a hallmark feature of several diseases, including cancer, autoimmune, metabolic, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative disorders. Several chronic diseases are characterized by dysregulated lipid signalling. Indeed, chronic inflammation has been consistently linked to an unbalanced production of lipid mediators, which results in an abnormal and persistent production of pro-inflammatory eicosanoids and an insufficient biosynthesis of pro-resolving lipids mediators and/or an aberrant activity of sphingolipids and endocannabinoids. Moreover, endogenous and exogenous (mainly dietary-derived) lipids can influence immune cell phenotype, activation, proliferation, differentiation, migration and cytokines production through the regulation of cell membrane fluidity, lipid raft formation, transcription factors activation and genes expression. Therefore, lipid mediators may play a direct role in the pathogenesis of several human inflammatory chronic pathologies. Thus, the understanding of the complexities of lipid–immune interactions may have clinical important implications.

The main goal of this Research Topic is to provide a comprehensive understanding on the role of endogenous bioactive lipids and their interplay with the immune system in the development and progression of chronic inflammatory-based disorders. Moreover, it would be of interest to explore the beneficial impact of exogenous lipids in the prevention and/or treatment of these pathologies.

We invite researchers to contribute with original research articles, reviews and mini-review, related to, but not limited to, the following sub-themes:

• Role of endogenous lipid mediators and their interplay with the immune system in the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory diseases;
• Sex differences in lipid immunomodulatory properties;
• Impact of gut microbiome on lipid immunomodulatory properties;
• Pharmacological effects of exogenous dietary lipids on the immune response of chronic inflammatory diseases.

Manuscripts describing the pharmacological action of drugs used in traditional medicine in models of disease, such as inflammatory disease, are not in scope unless they have a strong focus on the immune system.

Topic Editor Undurti N. Das is the founder and CEO of UND Life Sciences. The other Topic Editors declare no conflict of interest with regard to this article collection.

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Lipid-immune interplay in chronic inflammatory-based disorders