The field of neuroscience has seen significant advancements through the integration of optical techniques, which have revolutionized the analysis of cellular and circuit activity with high spatiotemporal resolution. Understanding brain function at such a detailed level is crucial, yet traditional methods often fall short in providing the necessary resolution and specificity. Recent developments in fluorescent probes for neurotransmitters, intracellular signaling, and membrane potential, along with optogenetic tools, have enabled researchers to measure and manipulate diverse neuronal functions and circuits with unprecedented precision. Multi-photon microscopy and advanced endoscopy have further facilitated in vivo analysis of neural circuit function. Despite these advancements, there remains a need to improve the signal-to-noise ratio of fluorescent probes, enhance spatiotemporal resolution, and expand the field of view. Addressing these gaps is essential for pushing the boundaries of our understanding of the nervous system.

This research topic aims to present cutting-edge optical methods and their applications in the study of the development, functions, and pathophysiology of the nervous system. The goal is to showcase the current state-of-the-art technologies, explore next-generation advancements, and highlight novel applications of these methods. Specific questions to be addressed include how new optical techniques can further improve our understanding of neuronal activity and how these methods can be applied to both physiological and pathophysiological studies. Hypotheses to be tested may involve the efficacy of novel fluorescent probes or the impact of advanced imaging techniques on the resolution of neural activity.

To gather further insights into the boundaries of optical interrogation of the nervous system, we welcome articles addressing, but not limited to, the following themes:

-Development of fluorescent probes for neurotransmitters, ions, membrane potential, and intracellular signaling
-Novel microscopy techniques for ultrafast or mesoscopic imaging
-Optical recording from freely moving animals
-Optical approaches to elucidate cellular or circuit functions in behaving animals
-Pathophysiological studies of neurological disorders using optical methods

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Optical interrogation of the nervous system: recent advances in optical techniques and their applications