Cardiovascular diseases remain the leading cause of mortality globally, encompassing a range of disorders that affect the heart and blood vessels, including but not limited to ischemic heart disease, heart failure, arrhythmias, and hypertensive heart disease. Stem cell therapy has emerged as a promising approach not only on harnessing stem cells for their potential to regenerate the lost cardiomyocytes but also on their capacity to stimulate the proliferation of endogenous cells in the heart. Recently, the prevailing concept of stem cell efficacy has shifted toward the paracrine hypothesis, which proposes that transplanted cells produce soluble factors, likely through a powerful effect of cardiac salvage. The recognition that cell therapy may be cardioprotective, and not just regenerative, however, merits further exploration before we abandon the pursuit entirely.

This Research Topic aims to explore the latest advancements, mechanisms, and therapeutic potential of stem cells in the context of cardiovascular medicine, aiming to consolidate knowledge on how these therapies can be tailored to treat a diverse array of cardiovascular diseases. We seek to compile a comprehensive collection of original research articles, reviews, case studies, and perspective pieces that elucidate the role of stem cells in cardiac protection /postconditioning and repair.

Areas of interest include, but are not limited to:
- Stem Cell Types and Sources: Investigations into various types of stem cells (e.g., embryonic stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells, mesenchymal stem cells) and their sources, focusing on their specific properties and potential in cardiomyocyte protection vs. regeneration.
- Mechanisms of Action: Detailed studies on the cellular and molecular mechanisms by which stem cells contribute to cardiomyocyte salvage, including paracrine signaling, differentiation, and interaction with the host cells.
- Mechanistic Insights: Studies investigating the underlying mechanisms by which stem cells influence cardiovascular pathology, including anti-fibrotic effects, enhancement of angiogenesis, and restoration of electrical conductivity.
- Expanded Disease Applications: Research highlighting the application of stem cell therapies in diverse cardiovascular conditions such as chronic heart failure, pediatric heart diseases, and vascular disorders.
- Preclinical and Clinical Studies: Reports and reviews of preclinical models and clinical trials assessing the efficacy, safety, and translational potential of stem cell therapies for cardiac repair.
- Innovative Delivery Methods: Research on novel delivery strategies to enhance stem cell engraftment, survival, and functional integration, such as bioengineering approaches, scaffold design, and tissue engineering.
- Immunological Considerations: Insights into the immunological aspects of stem cell therapy in cardiovascular diseases, including the interaction of implanted cells with the host immune system and strategies to overcome immunogenic barriers.
- Combination Therapies: Exploration of synergistic approaches combining stem cells with other interventions, such as growth factors, gene therapy, and pharmacological agents, to optimize cardiac repair and function.

The overarching aim of this Research Topic is to broaden the scope of stem cell research in cardiovascular medicine, encouraging the submission of studies that elucidate both the challenges and the innovative solutions in using stem cells to treat a wide range of cardiovascular diseases. Through this initiative, we hope to foster a deeper understanding and accelerate the development of effective regenerative therapies that can improve the quality of life for patients afflicted with cardiovascular conditions. Researchers from across the globe are encouraged to contribute, helping to ensure that this collection embodies a comprehensive perspective on the potentials of stem cell therapy in cardiovascular medicine.

We encourage submissions from researchers worldwide to ensure a diverse and comprehensive collection of studies. This Research Topic will serve as a significant resource for scientists, clinicians, and policymakers dedicated to improving cardiac care through regenerative medicine.

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Stem Cells in Cardiomyocyte Salvage: Bridging Regeneration and Repair