Acid-base equilibrium is essential for human homeostasis, enzymatic function, metabolic reactions, and electrical conductivity. Disruption in acid-base equilibrium is frequent in critically ill patients and can severely impact their clinical trajectory. Understanding acid-base balance is thereby fundamental for both diagnostic and treatment purposes. However, interpretation of acid-base status remains a matter of debate: the standard approach based on bicarbonate and base excess focuses on the role of buffers and remains a pillar for many clinicians. On the other hand, the physical-chemical approach has introduced the concept of strong ion difference highlighting the key link between acid-base equilibrium and water-electrolytes status, with interesting clinical applications. Recently, the two approaches have been combined to help the interpretation of mixed disorders encountered during complex scenarios of critical illness, including intravenous infusions and renal replacement therapies. Overall, this field of research is constantly evolving, and novel clinical applications continue to emerge.

The aim of this Research Topic is to offer up-to-date reviews and original research on how different approaches to acid-base and water-electrolytes equilibria can be applied at the bedside to interpret and treat clinical scenarios of critical illness.

To advance understanding in this vital area, we invite contributions in the forms of Original Research and Systematic Review articles that tackle the clinical application of acid-base physiology and electrolyte management in critically ill patients. Relevant topics include, but are not limited to:

• Interpretation and treatment implications of individual variables such as bicarbonate, base excess, and strong ion difference.

• Acid-base and electrolyte disturbances in specific critical illnesses like renal replacement therapy and extracorporeal membrane therapies.

• Evaluation of classical and contemporary acid-base models in current medical practice.

• Innovative interpretations and treatments concerning acid-base and electrolyte imbalances.

Are you interested in contributing a manuscript to this Research Topic?

Clinical Advances in Acid-base Physiology and Hydroelectrolyte Balance

Topic Coordinator