Exercise training prevents the onset and development of many chronic diseases, acting as an effective tool for both primary and secondary prevention. Muscle myokines, released during and after muscle contraction, have been proposed as key mediators of the systemic effects of exercise. In addition, both myokines and molecules released by cognitive training play a key role in attenuating chronic inflammation through activation of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic-pituitary axis (HPA) with the release of catecholamines and glucocorticoids that function as immunomodulators through inhibition of pro/anti-inflammatory cytokines production. Additionally, exercises induce the release of neurotransmitters such as serotonin, dopamine, and noradrenaline that can upregulate the neurotrophins (e.g.BDNF) in the brain. Thus, the dosage of all these molecules can be useful to tailor the training in neurodegenerative diseases.

This Research Topic aims to bridge the knowledge gap between diverse rehabilitation modalities and patient health in neurodegenerative disorders . The primary goal is to identify biomarkers that can not only monitor rehabilitation outcomes but also customize training protocols tailored to individual needs in neurodegenerative conditions. By understanding and applying these biomarkers, rehabilitation processes can be finely tuned to optimize patient care and treatment efficacy, focusing on both physical and cognitive training aspects.

To effectively cover this Research Topic, the scope will be defined by the incorporation of systematic literature reviews and studies focusing on clinical trials that pinpoint molecules linked with training effectiveness. This breadth of information will:

o Outline current biomarker applications and future potential in personalized patient training.

o Analyse the effectiveness of different rehabilitation strategies in neurodegenerative diseases.

o Explore the intersection of exercise, cognitive training, and cellular evidence in rehabilitation.

o Explore and monitor how cellular and molecular pathways impact rehabilitation methods and patients' overall health.

o Assess the implications of integrating biomarker-based strategies in clinical practice.

We welcome contributions in the form of original research, reviews, case studies, and methodological articles to enrich our understanding and application of biomarkers in the context of rehabilitation and neurodegenerative diseases.

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Biomarkers and mechanisms predefining rehabilitation outcomes in neurodegenerative diseases