T regulatory cells (Tregs) are a key cell subset due to their role in the establishment and maintenance of immune tolerance. To date, several types of Tregs have been reported, with FoxP3+ Tregs and Tr1 cells as the most studied populations. Although the mechanisms of suppression are widely described for FoxP3+ Tregs, less information is available for Tr1 cells, and other subtypes. Thanks to an increased interest in the immunology field, and access to new technologies, the scientists have identified new molecules and processes involved in Tregs biology, extending the knowledge to comprehend how these cells function and how to manipulate them with the goal to develop therapies.

The purpose of this Research Topic is to give visibility to the research on Tregs in both basic and translational immunology, regardless of the context or pathological condition. During the last years, the development of diverse genetic and bioinformatic tools have permitted to deeply study cell populations in different contexts, and the immunology field is not out of this. In addition, design and application of Tregs-based therapies have been achieved in different parts of the world, offering new insights on how useful this intervention is. Alternatively, this information is valuable to understand and adjust Tregs-related applications. Thus, advances revealing original and new studies on this T cell population are suitable for submission to this Research Topic.

We welcome the following article types: Original research, Review/Mini-Review, Methods, Perspective, Brief research Report and Study Protocol. These studies may involve basic and translational immunology on:

-New markers to identify Tregs
-New molecules involved in the mechanism of action of Tregs
-Biological processes such as transcriptomic, epigenetic, metabolism, inflammation, trafficking, aging
-The function of Tregs in neuroimmunology, mucosal immunology (including microbiota), reproductive immunology, autoimmunity, allergy, cancer, transplantation
-The outcomes of using Tregs-based cell therapy (animal and human studies)
-New targets to manipulate Tregs as therapeutical agents

Bioinformatics or computational analysis of public genomic or transcriptomic databases which are not accompanied by robust and relevant validation (clinical cohort or biological validation in vitro or in vivo) are out of scope for this Research Topic.

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T Regulatory Cells: Mechanisms and Therapeutical Advances