Introduction

Pancreatic cancer is a group of tumours originating from the pancreatic tissue, arising either from exocrine or endocrine cells. Among these, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the most common and aggressive subtype, accounting for the majority of cases. It is the fourth leading cause of cancer-related deaths globally, with approximately 90% of patients dying within six months of diagnosis due to its typically late detection and poor prognosis.

In contrast, other pancreatic tumours such as pancreatic cystic tumours and pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours (PNETs) are generally slow-growing. The pancreas, a vital organ located behind the stomach, plays a key role in digestion and blood glucose regulation. Pancreatic cancer often progresses silently, with symptoms appearing only in advanced stages, making early detection both challenging and crucial. The 5-year survival rate remains below 10%, highlighting the urgent need for more effective early diagnostic tools. In this context, we are expecting research papers which can improve early detection and prognostication and management of Pancreatic cancer.

A. Types of Pancreatic Cancer

Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma (PDAC)

Pancreatic Cystic Tumors

Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors (PNETs)

B. Biomarkers and Risk Stratification in Patient Groups

Serum Biomarkers

Protein Biomarkers

mRNA as Biomarkers

Liquid Biopsy and Circulating Tumor DNA (ctDNA)

Genetic Mutations as Biomarkers

New-Onset Diabetes as a Paraneoplastic Marker

Precursor Lesions (e.g., IPMN, PanIN)

Emerging Technologies – Including Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) and Liquid Biopsy

Metabolomic Biomarkers

Prognostic Biomarkers

C. Management of Pancreatic Cancer

Surgical Intervention – For resectable tumours (e.g., Whipple procedure)

Chemotherapy – Regimens like FOLFIRINOX or gemcitabine-based combinations

Radiotherapy – As adjunct or palliative treatment

Targeted Therapy – EGFR inhibitors, PARP inhibitors for specific mutations

Immunotherapy – Investigational for PDAC

Palliative Care – To manage symptoms and improve quality of life

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Diagnosis and Management of Pancreatic Cancer