The common and important infectious viruses in pigs and poultry mainly include DNA and RNA viruses, which pose significant threats to both animal and human health. Therefore, it is essential to have a comprehensive understanding of the related immune mechanisms. The innate immune system plays a crucial role in the early stages of defense against animal viruses and other pathogen infections. It detects evolutionarily conserved structures, known as pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), through germline-encoded pattern recognition receptors, thereby initiating immune responses. In cases of viral infections in animals, the detection of these specific PAMPs triggers the activation of intracellular signaling cascades, inducing the production of type I interferons (IFNs), pro-inflammatory cytokines, and antiviral genes. Strengthening research on antiviral innate immunity in animal hosts not only protects animal health but also holds immense value for preventing and controlling the pandemics of zoonotic viruses and safeguarding human health and well-being.

This Research Topic aims to delve into the nuances of viral immune evasion and the corresponding responses of the innate immune system in animal hosts. The key objective is to deepen our understanding of the molecular interplay between viral evasion strategies and the host innate immune systems. Specifically, it focuses on the pathways leading to the production of type I interferons and the subsequent activation of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs), crucial for the containment and control of viral infections.

To gather further insights into these complex interactions, we welcome articles addressing, but not limited to, the following themes:
- Common and important viruses in pigs include PCV2, PRV, ASFV, TGEV, PEDV, PRRSV, PoRV, PDCOV, PPV, PHBV, and others.
- Common and important viruses in poultry include AIV, IBV, IBDV, NDV, ALV, FPV, REV, APMV, CAV, CaCV, and others.
- The viral immune evasion mechanisms targeting immune sensors, adapter molecules, intracellular kinases, and transcription factors.
- The mechanisms by which different pattern recognition receptors and their downstream key adapters trigger early antiviral innate immunity.
- The molecular mechanisms of interaction between animal host viruses and their hosts, especially the gut microbiota.
- Research on animal vaccine immune response and innate immunity mechanisms.

We invite submissions of Original Research, Review, Mini-Review, Hypothesis and Theory, and Perspective articles relevant to these areas.

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Antiviral Innate Immune Mechanisms in Animal Hosts