Recent advances in molecular allergology have transformed allergy diagnostics through innovative approaches in allergen characterization, including allergen structure, biomarker identification, and cutting-edge technologies. These developments enable precise detection of sensitization patterns, improved understanding of cross-reactivity, and personalized treatment strategies. Component-resolved diagnosis (CRD) has reduced misdiagnosis rates by 40% in pollen-food syndrome cases by distinguishing primary sensitizations from cross-reactivity. These advances in molecular diagnostics support allergen immunotherapy (AIT) decisions, particularly for complex polysensitizations, and facilitate the development of new forms of immunotherapy.

The goal of this research topic is to address the current diagnostic challenges by exploring the latest advancements in molecular diagnostics of allergy.

We welcome the submission of Original Research, Review, Mini Review, and Perspective articles on themes including, but not limited to:

Novel Allergens and Allergen Discovery:

· Identification of emerging allergens in foods, environmental sources, and pharmaceuticals.

· Molecular biology of allergens and allergenic proteins.

· Allergen-specific immune responses and cross-reactivity.

· Molecular definition of allergenic IgE epitopes in food and inhaled allergens

Biomarkers for Allergy Diagnosis and Prognosis:

· Novel molecular biomarkers for early diagnosis, disease severity, and prognosis in allergic diseases.

· Identification and validation of genetic, proteomic, and metabolomic markers.

· Biomarker panels for predicting allergic sensitization and response to therapy.

Immunoassays and Diagnostic Technologies:

· Advances in immunoassay technologies, including high-throughput and multiplex assays.

· Recent advances in basophil and mast cell activation tests for allergy diagnosis

· Use of next-generation sequencing (NGS), microarrays, Development of point-of-care diagnostic tools for allergic diseases.

· Use of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) to analyze large datasets for allergy

Dr. Martin Chapman is the founder and co-owner of InBio, a private company, holder of US patent on gene-editing of cat allergen 12,037,601 and consultant for Stallergenes-Greer. Prof. Joana Vitte is the founder of an individual business: consulting in allergy and immunology. All other Topic Editors declare no competing interests with regards to the Research Topic subject.

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Advances in molecular diagnostics of allergy: novel allergens, biomarkers, and technical developments