Growing evidence suggests that viral infections may contribute to the development or progression of metabolic diseases. Conversely, the presence of metabolic disorders can also increase the severity of viral infections. Environmental factors, including climate change and societal shifts, have exposed populations to both new and re-emerging infectious diseases. Following the emergence of SARS-CoV-2, a clear association was identified between infection and heightened cardiovascular risk, especially among patients already living with metabolic disorders. This is particularly concerning given the global rise in obesity, type 2 diabetes, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease observed in recent decades.

Viruses can trigger metabolic diseases by altering essential cellular functions such as cell death, proliferation, or dedifferentiation in endocrine organs. Additionally, viruses can disrupt lipid metabolism, increasing lipid and fatty acid synthesis. They may also release proteins that modify immune system activity, potentially leading to autoimmune diseases. Furthermore, viral infections stimulate the release of various molecules, including interferons, which can disrupt glucose metabolism. These represent just a few examples of how viral infections may drive metabolic dysfunction.

Several viral infections have been associated with the development of type 1 diabetes (T1D) by impairing β-cell function, with enteroviruses showing the strongest link. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is also notably associated with type 2 diabetes (T2D) through increased hepatic insulin resistance, as well as with liver steatosis. Additionally, HIV infection and antiretroviral therapies are linked to metabolic syndrome, and herpesviruses have also been implicated in metabolic disturbances.

COVID-19 has been associated with new-onset diabetes and an elevated risk of cardiovascular events. Notably, patients with pre-existing metabolic diseases tend to experience more severe outcomes from SARS-CoV-2 infections.

The goal of this Research Topic is to highlight recent advances in understanding the mechanisms and clinical relevance of interactions between viral infections and metabolic diseases. We welcome submissions addressing (but not limited to) the following areas:

• Mechanisms by which viral infections contribute to the development or progression of metabolic diseases

• Influence of metabolic diseases on the severity and outcomes of viral infections

• Clinical significance of viral infections in patients with existing metabolic disorders

• Future challenges related to viral infections, pandemics, and metabolic health

• Long-term metabolic consequences following the COVID-19 pandemic

We encourage the submission of original research, reviews, and other accepted article types.

Are you interested in contributing a manuscript to this Research Topic?

Metabolic Dysregulation as a Response to Viral Infections - a New Culprit of Metabolic Diseases