Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a multifaceted neurodegenerative disorder characterized by diverse motor and non-motor symptoms, varying progression rates, and differences in therapeutic response. Recent innovations in neuroimaging techniques such as quantitative MRI, diffusion/connectomics, susceptibility mapping, and molecular PET/SPECT, together with advances in electrophysiology including EEG/MEG, intraoperative microelectrode recordings, and local field potentials (LFPs), are reshaping the landscape of PD diagnostics and treatments. These advancements enable more accurate diagnosis, precise delineation of clinical subtypes, enhanced targeting for deep brain stimulation (DBS), and customized pharmacological approaches. Coupled with AI-driven analytics, these multimodal methodologies pave the way for converting vast datasets into practical clinical tools. Nevertheless, challenges remain in integrating these technologies to bridge existing knowledge gaps and truly revolutionize PD management.

This Research Topic aims to consolidate substantial evidence and actionable methodologies that make the most of imaging and electrophysiology within the PD treatment spectrum—from early detection to therapeutic decision-making, continuous monitoring, and adaptable interventions. The focus is on distinguishing PD from other Parkinsonian disorders, predicting medication and DBS outcomes, minimizing side effects, and making physiomarkers clinically applicable. We encourage submissions that validate biomarkers, build predictive models, and merge imaging–electrophysiology data for surgical planning and dynamic neuromodulation.

To delve deeper into the significance of imaging and electrophysiology in Parkinson's care, we welcome submissions across a diverse range of manuscript types supported by the journal—including Original Research, Brief Research Reports, Perspectives, Protocols, Mini-Reviews, and more—exploring, but not limited to, the following themes:
- Neuroimaging in PD diagnosis
- Neuroimaging and pharmacological treatment response
- Neuroimaging and electrophysiology combination in DBS setup
- Comparing neuroimaging and electrophysiology in surgical planning
- Neuroimaging in DBS treatment response
- Electrophysiological changes in the basal ganglia related to pharmacological treatment
- Electrophysiological modifications following DBS
- Assessing LFPs during surgery
- Postoperative imaging in evaluating electrode placement

We encourage the submission of articles emphasizing multimodal fusion, the development of quantitative biomarkers, connectomics, adaptive DBS guided by LFPs, and AI/ML-driven approaches for prediction, segmentation, artifact elimination, and automated programming.

Articles accepted after peer review will be published and appear online as soon as approved for publication.

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Topic Editor Ioannis Ugo Isaias is a scientific consultant and holds stock options in Newronika S.p.A. Topic Editor Bastian Sajonz has received financial support for research from CereGate GmbH, Munich, Germany. The other Topic Editors report no competing interests related to this Research Topic.

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Imaging and Electrophysiology in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Parkinson's Disease

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