In the realm of oncology, understanding the genetic and genomic alterations that drive cancer progression is crucial. Innovations in Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) have shed light on a diverse array of mutations, structural variations, and epigenetic modifications that underpin cancer cell proliferation, evasion of apoptosis, and resistance to therapies. While well-studied genes such as TP53, RAS, and BRCA1/2 have been extensively documented, numerous lesser-known mutations that significantly impact tumor behavior are gaining recognition. However, challenges remain in comprehending how these genetic changes interact with the tumor microenvironment, which is vital for enhancing prognosis accuracy and treatment customization.

This Research Topic aims to unravel the complexities surrounding the genetic and genomic alterations in cancer and explore the resultant therapeutic opportunities. The goal is to delve into how these modifications dictate tumor biology and therapy resistance, paving the way for improved, tailored treatment modalities. By incorporating multi-omic data—including genomic, transcriptomic, and proteomic information—the collection seeks to advance the identification of novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets, fostering a shift towards more personalized medicine in oncology.

To advance the field of cancer diagnostics and therapeutics, this Research Topic is particularly interested in articles that focus on the following areas:

- Discovery and detailed examination of novel mutations and structural variants across various cancer types
- Investigation into epigenetic alterations that influence tumor onset and resistance to existing therapies
- Comparative studies of inherited and acquired mutations to better understand risks and predispositions associated with cancer
- Multi-omic methodologies targeting the identification of clinically relevant biomarkers and therapeutic targets
- Research on tumor heterogeneity and evolutionary dynamics that affect treatment outcomes
- Functional studies on the genetic disruptions in critical cellular pathways like cell cycle control, immune response, drug resistance, and programmed cell death
- Assessments of the tumor microenvironment’s role in maintaining genomic integrity and influencing cancer progression
- Translational studies that bridge genomic findings with actionable clinical practices for personalized treatment planning and improved prognostic evaluations
Through this compilation, we aim to foster a holistic understanding that connects genetic and genomic research with tangible clinical applications, ultimately enhancing therapeutic strategies in the battle against cancer.

Please note that manuscripts consisting solely of bioinformatics or computational analysis of public omics databases that are not supplemented by relevant functional validation (clinical cohort or biological validation in vitro or in vivo) are out of scope for this Research Topic.

Please note the following conflict of interest disclosures for Dr. Bodour Salhia:
- Founder of CpG Diagnostics and reports other support from CpG Diagnostics during the conduct of the study.
Dr. Behzad Toosi and Dr. Frederick S. Vizeacoumar declared no conflict of interest.

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Genetic and Genomic Alterations in Cancer