RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) are central regulators of post-transcriptional gene expression. They modulate key aspects of mRNA metabolism—such as splicing, 3′ end processing, stability, localization, and degradation. RBPs also play pivotal roles in processing and function of microRNAs (miRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs).

Advances in multi-omics technologies, RNA-interactome profiling, and computational modeling have provided unprecedented insights into the network-level dynamics of RBPs across biological systems. RBPs are now recognized as critical modulators of alternative polyadenylation—a mechanism that shapes transcriptome diversity and cell identity. They are also integral players in miRNA biogenesis pathways. Beyond their canonical roles, RBPs also influence the structural remodeling, subcellular localization, and regulatory activity of lncRNAs, which serve as molecular scaffolds, decoys, or guides in gene expression regulation.

Aberrations in RBP expression or function have been implicated in a range of pathologies, from cancer and neurodegeneration to developmental disorders. Despite these advances, many mechanistic aspects remain unresolved, necessitating a deeper, integrative understanding of RBP biology. Understanding RBP-associated regulatory mechanisms is vital for developing targeted therapeutic strategies, including RNA-based therapies, small molecules, and antisense oligonucleotides.

This Research Topic aims to highlight cutting-edge studies that integrate experimental and computational approaches to dissect the roles of RBPs in mRNA 3′ end processing, miRNA biogenesis and lncRNA regulation. We welcome the submission of original research articles and comprehensive reviews that advance our understanding of RBP-mediated post-transcriptional regulation across diverse RNA classes and biological contexts.

Areas of interest include, but are not limited to:

- Identification and functional characterization of RBPs regulating alternative polyadenylation and mRNA cleavage

- Integrative multi-omics analyses to map global RBP–RNA networks in cellular systems

- Computational models and systems biology approaches in elucidating post-transcriptional regulation by RBPs

- Mechanistic insights into interactions between RBPs and components of the RNA processing machinery

- Functional roles of specific RBPs in miRNA and lncRNA biogenesis, stabilization, and activity

- Context-dependent roles of RBPs linked to developmental processes, differentiation events, or stress responses

- Pathological consequences of altered RBP expression or activity in diseases, including cancers and neurological disorders

- Therapeutic strategies aiming at modulating RBP functions and downstream RNA regulatory pathways.

Dr. Juan Camilo Gonzalez is currently employed as a Senior Scientist at Bristol Myers Squibb (BMS). He declares that there are no financial or personal relationships that could be perceived to influence the content or conclusions of his work. Any views or interpretations expressed are solely his own and do not necessarily reflect those of BMS.

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Integrative approaches to RNA-binding proteins function in mRNA and non-coding RNA regulation