The landscape of cancer immunotherapy has evolved dramatically over the past decade, yet significant challenges remain in achieving optimal therapeutic efficacy while minimizing systemic toxicity. Traditional immunomodulatory approaches often suffer from poor bioavailability, non-specific targeting, and inadequate patient stratification, limiting their clinical potential. The emergence of precision medicine paradigms demands innovative strategies that integrate cutting-edge nanotechnology with natural product-derived therapeutics and personalized treatment protocols.

Natural products have emerged as a treasure trove of immunomodulatory compounds, with their unique chemical diversity and evolutionary-optimized bioactivity offering distinct advantages over synthetic molecules. From traditional herbal medicines to marine-derived metabolites, natural products exhibit complex multitarget mechanisms that can simultaneously modulate various immune pathways with reduced toxicity profiles. The integration of nanotechnology with natural product delivery systems addresses longstanding challenges of poor solubility, stability, and bioavailability, while enabling precise targeting to specific immune cell populations. Advanced computational approaches and synthetic biology are revolutionizing natural product discovery and optimization, allowing for the rational design of nature-inspired immunomodulators. The convergence of these natural product innovations with precision medicine approaches and biomarker-guided patient stratification represents the next frontier in developing safer, more effective immunotherapeutic strategies.

This Research Topic aims to showcase breakthrough innovations that bridge nanotechnology, natural products, and precision medicine to develop next-generation immunomodulatory strategies. We seek contributions that demonstrate translational potential, addressing current limitations in cancer immunotherapy through interdisciplinary approaches that promise to reshape therapeutic paradigms and improve patient outcomes in the era of personalized medicine.

This Research Topic seeks to advance natural product-based immunomodulation by showcasing innovative research that elucidates novel intervention mechanisms of nature-derived compounds in cancer immunotherapy. Our primary goal is to highlight breakthrough discoveries in how natural products uniquely modulate immune responses through previously unexplored pathways. We aim to demonstrate cutting-edge mechanisms by which natural products reshape the tumor microenvironment, enhance immune surveillance, and overcome immunosuppression. Supporting technologies—such as nanotechnology platforms and precision medicine approaches—serve as innovative tools to optimize the delivery and personalization of these mechanistically-driven natural product therapeutics. By fostering interdisciplinary collaboration focused on mechanism discovery, we seek to establish natural products as transformative agents with unique modes of action in precision immunotherapy.

This Research Topic welcomes original research articles, reviews, and perspectives addressing the following specific themes:

1）Nanoparticle-based drug delivery platforms for tumor immunotherapy, real-time monitoring, and prognostic evaluation: Smart nanocarrier design for targeted delivery of immunomodulatory agents, stimuli-responsive nanoparticles for controlled drug release, theranostic nanoplatforms integrating imaging and therapeutic functions, real-time monitoring of treatment response and immune activation, nanoparticle-mediated enhancement of antigen presentation and immune cell priming, and prognostic assessment through nanotechnology-enabled biomarker detection
2）Innovative small molecule and natural product-based immunomodulators: Discovery and characterization of novel synthetic immunomodulatory compounds, plant-derived bioactive compounds with immune regulatory properties, traditional medicine constituents and their immunomodulatory mechanisms, structure-activity relationships and rational drug design approaches, synthetic analogs, and derivatives of natural immunomodulators, and multi-target small molecules addressing immune checkpoint pathways
3）Biomarker discovery and patient stratification for personalized immunotherapy: Identification of predictive biomarkers for treatment response and patient selection, genomic, transcriptomic, and proteomic signatures for immunotherapy stratification, liquid biopsy approaches for real-time monitoring of immune responses, metabolomic profiling for personalized treatment optimization, companion diagnostic development for precision immunotherapy, and integration of multi-omics data for comprehensive patient stratification strategies

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Next-Generation Immunomodulation: Integrating Nanotechnology, Natural Products, and Precision Medicine