Immune disorders are a leading cause of morbidity and long-term health challenges among children worldwide. Recent decades have witnessed substantial advances in our understanding of the pathogenesis and clinical manifestations of diseases such as Kawasaki disease, Duchenne muscular dystrophy-associated inflammation, Takayasu arteritis, and immune-mediated conditions with multi-organ involvement. Despite these advances, early diagnosis, risk stratification, and personalized interventions remain challenging. The ongoing identification of novel biomarkers, improved imaging modalities, and emerging treatment strategies are transforming pediatric immunology, with overall aims to improve prognosis and quality of life for affected children.

This Research Topic aims to address gaps in the early diagnosis, prognosis evaluation, and individualized management of pediatric immune disorders. One example is ensuring prompt identification of IVIG-resistant Kawasaki disease, understanding predictors for persistent coronary artery aneurysms, and developing tolerable, effective immunomodulatory regimens. Another example is optimizing risk stratification and targeted treatment for conditions such as Takayasu arteritis and infections triggered by immune dysregulation (e.g., Staphylococcus aureus or Streptococcus spp.). By integrating basic science, clinical research, and long-term follow-up data, this collection seeks to improve clinical pathways, highlight emerging technologies in immune monitoring, and encourage the translation of novel therapies into real-world pediatric practice. Ultimately, the goal is to foster a platform for innovative research that advances both the science and practice of pediatric immunology.

We invite original research articles, reviews, case reports, and perspectives that address the following themes:

• Novel therapeutic strategies for refractory or complex pediatric immune diseases.
• Advances in diagnostic and treatment guidelines for conditions such as Kawasaki disease, Takayasu arteritis, and other immune-mediated disorders.
• Biomarker discovery and validation for early prediction, prognosis, or therapeutic responsiveness.
• Application of new imaging technologies and laboratory indices for monitoring disease progression.
• Case reports detailing diagnostic or therapeutic dilemmas in pediatric immune disorders.
• Assessment of global disparities and solutions in pediatric immune disease management.

Are you interested in contributing a manuscript to this Research Topic?

Advances and Challenges in Pediatric Immune Disorders: From Pathogenesis to Personalized Therapy