Environmental sustainability and waste management have emerged as major global concerns due to rapid increases in population growth and industrial activities. The traditional waste treatment methods such as landfilling and incineration have proven to be inadequate and environmentally harmful due to their impact on ecosystems, greenhouse gas emissions, global warming, and the release of harmful gases such as SOx and NOx. Recently, studies have explored advanced conversion technologies that transform various types of wastes—including domestic, agricultural, and industrial—into bioenergy and valuable industrial chemicals such as biopolymers and lactic acid. Particularly, biochemical conversion routes have drawn substantial attention owing to their economic efficiency and environmental advantages. Incorporation of cutting-edge techniques including nanotechnology, life cycle assessment, optimized reactor designs, and integrated technological approaches has shown significant promise in turning waste conversion processes into industrially viable and sustainable practices. Despite these advancements, critical challenges remain in scaling technologies, optimizing processes, enhancing the economic feasibility, and broadening the application scope of biochemical conversion systems.

This Research Topic aims to compile the latest advancements, innovative strategies, and technological developments in biochemical processes for the sustainable bioconversion of waste streams into bioenergy and valuable platform chemicals. We particularly seek contributions that address process optimization, economic viability, sustainability assessment, and the integration of advanced methods to improve waste conversion outcomes.

To gather further insights specifically within biochemical conversion methods, this Research Topic will focus exclusively on biological and integrated biochemical routes for transforming various waste streams into high-value products. We welcome articles addressing, but not limited to, the following themes:

• Advanced biomass pretreatment methodologies for enhancing value-added product yields
• Bioconversion of lignocellulosic biomass to industrially relevant platform chemicals
• Integrated wastewater treatment processes coupled with energy generation systems
• Strategies and processes for biopolymer synthesis from renewable and waste resources
• Application of nanotechnology to improve waste biomass conversion efficiency
• Lifecycle assessment studies evaluating sustainability and environmental impacts
• Technological advancements in microalgae-based processes for bioenergy and bioproduct synthesis
• Innovative biochemical approaches for utilizing food waste in high-value product development

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Turning Waste into Wealth: Advancing Bioconversion for a Sustainable Bioeconomy