The performance and longevity of nuclear fuel are a priority in the context of global energy demands and sustainability, particularly for pressurized water reactors. The unique properties and behavior of nuclear fuel under operational conditions pose complex challenges, especially in terms of thermal conductivity, fission product management, and structural stability. Grain size within the nuclear fuel is a significant factor influencing thermal properties, mechanical interactions, and overall reactor flexibility. Under standard conditions, current fabrication practices maintain consistent grain sizes, yet high-power incidents require critical evaluation due to the resulting structural changes. These morphological transitions, especially at elevated temperatures, underscore a need to understand and control grain dynamics to maximize achievable burnup levels while maintaining safety standards.

By examining the interactions between dopants and point defects, such as cationic vacancies and Schottky defects, researchers can devise strategies to optimize the grain characteristics of nuclear fuel. Advanced predictive modeling and experimental validation techniques are vital for enhancing our understanding of fuel structural stability during extended periods of operation.

To improve the performance and sustainability of nuclear fuels, key areas to be addressed include the integration of cutting-edge materials, the impact of operational conditions on fuel longevity, and the role of innovation in fuel design to mitigate risks and optimize reactor efficiency.

This Research Topic explores enhancements in nuclear fuel technology for improved performance and sustainability. We welcome articles addressing, but not limited to, the following themes:
• Development of advanced modeling and simulation techniques for predicting fuel behavior and structural stability
• Control and evolution of fuel grain size during fabrication and under irradiation for improved reactor performance
• Role of dopants and oxygen potential on defect formations and fuel characteristics
• Experimental methodologies for validating fuel safety, longevity, and integrity
• Innovations in material science for improving fuel durability and performance
• Impact of operational conditions on fuel safety and lifespan.

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Enhancing Nuclear Fuel Technology for Improved Performance and Sustainability